气体火焰驻波在低频段熄火的研究

用驻波函数和伯努利方程推导出火焰驻波管内任意位置的声压方程,并分析了低频时熄火的原因.引入压节(波幅)、压腹(波节)解释了驻波管两端出现高火焰的原因.用全封闭的驻波管完整地呈现了低频段共振点的驻波.     

气体火焰驻波演示实验的理论分析

对通过声场使可燃气体产生火焰驻波的波形进行研究,得出火焰驻波在波节处(固定反射端)出现火焰,在波腹处几乎不出现火焰的结论,理论分析与实验观测相符.     

纵向驱动弦的次频振动实验分析

讨论纵向驱动弦时的次频驻波振动现象,与弦运动轨迹的观察方法。根据弦运动轨迹,用仿真分析谐波振动可获得弦振动的有关物理信息。实验观察到,可出现非共振驻波(次频振动)振幅可比共振驻波振幅大的多现象。     

基于傅里叶光学理论的声驻波成像分析

基于傅里叶光学理论研究了激光通过声光衍射现象的产生和声驻波的成像过程,并设计实验验证了理论推导的正确性.针对不同空间滤波方式,分析声驻波成像条纹间距和条纹对比度的变化,提出一种新的用空间滤波手段测量声速的实验方法.该理论研究及相关实验,完整地分析了声驻波的成像问题,也有利于加深对傅里叶光学中的空间滤波的理解.     

自制鲁本斯火焰管在声学教学中的应用研究

为了直观地演示声波的有关实验现象, 实现声驻波的可视化, 制作了一个鲁本斯火焰管演示仪器用于 实验教学, 并就声压和频率对火焰高度和位置的影响进行了分析和研究, 实验发现火焰形状与声波波形相对应, 并 且呈现出高频动态变化的特征     

行波与驻波超声光栅衍射的对比研究

理论上分析了超声行波和驻波光栅衍射的特点。设计出了一种可观察超声行波和驻波光栅衍射特点的实验装置。理论分析和实验结果显示:行波情况下,会出现缺级现象;驻波情况下,不会发生缺级现象。     

圆环驻波实验的深入解析

利用扬声器演示圆环驻波,为使其在有限的空间内形成较多的驻波节点,选取吉他弦作为驻波的载体。对驻波的实验现象深入细致观察,考虑驻波在反射时的能量损失以及半波损失,并结合微积分的知识对驻波的产生条件进行了推导分析,理论结果能够很好地解释所产生的物理实验现象。     

驻波法测量声速实验的探讨

通过建立起声波无限次反射的模型,对用驻波法测量声速实验的原理进行探讨.利用该模型拟合实验结果、分析实验数据和现象,揭示了理论的合理性及尚存的局限.     

谈"圆驻波"演示实验中的思维误区

指出了对“圆驻波”演示实验在认识上的两个误区，并在理论上分析了在该装置中实现圆环驻波的条件，得到了和实验现象相一致的理论结果。     

对空气声速测定实验的研究

利用压电传感器测量空气中声速是普通物理实验中的综合性实验之一。在该实验中采用驻波法测量时观察到驻波振幅的最大值之间产生“次极大”现象。本文对该现象进行了分析。同时介绍了用不确定度计算过程中应注意的几点问题。     

Combustion driven oscillations

Combustion driven oscillations can occur when a turbulent flame is enclosed in a tube or cavity. Interaction between heat fluctuations and the internal standing wave field at one of the natural frequencies of the air column produces strong organ pipe tones. The sound power emitted by this thermal-acoustic interaction depends on the impedance either side of the combustion zone and on a transfer function defining the response of the flame to sound wave disturbances. If this power exceeds the rate at which energy is dissipated at the cavity boundaries then there is a growth of the internal pressure field and an increase in the radiated sound. Plane wave theory is used to calculate the flame transfer function and adjacent impedances for a simple gas fired tube assembly. The predicted instability frequencies are then compared with experimental data. The results indicate that the flame transfer function plays a dominant role in determining the acoustic stability of the cavity and that insufficient data is available for accurately predicting unsteady flame front behaviour.     

Symmetry breaking modelling for azimuthal combustion dynamics

Annular combustors can exhibit azimuthal thermoacoustic instabilities, which can rotate as a spinning wave at the speed of sound in the azimuthal direction, oscillate as a standing wave with pressure nodes fixed in space, or be a linear combination of these. These oscillations happen if a positive feedback loop between acoustics and the response of the flames to the acoustics in the annulus occurs. This paper discusses how two different explicit symmetry breaking mechanisms affect the dynamics of these waves. We first show how small differences between the flame responses lead to one strong topological change in the dynamical system phase space, making the system prefer orientation angles at two azimuthal locations, one opposite of the other in the annulus, as found in the experiments. This symmetry breaking is modelled by directly perturbing the flame responses around the annulus with some scatter, to represent the effect of manufacturing tolerances of the burners. We then consider recent experimental evidence that the heat release rate of the flames depends on the spinning direction (clockwise or anticlockwise) when the system is spinning. In particular we model one experiment in which the flame response is found to be stronger when the wave rotates in the anticlockwise direction. We show that the statistics of the resulting model are qualitatively very similar to the experimental results showing a preference for spinning states in the anticlockwise direction.     

驻波声场中悬浮临界密度及稳定性研究

本文以声场中物体为研究对象,理论上得到行波和驻波场中的声辐射压力方程.在驻波声场中引入临界悬浮密度概念,可作为物体能否在非线性声场中悬浮的判据,同时给出谐振腔移动速度的最大范围.更进一步,以实验参数作为数值计算的输入来指导实验,并结合实验结果讨论了驻波声场中样品密度和大小、发射面和反射面形状以及两者之间的距离、反射面的尺寸等因素对物体悬浮稳定性的影响,发现当物体尺寸和密度确定时,调控好谐振腔的长度,增加波腹处的声压是提升声悬浮稳定性的有效手段.     

Characteristic regimes of premixed gas combustion in high-porosity micro-fibrous porous media

Dynamical behaviour of the premixed flame propagating in the inert high-porosity micro-fibrous porous media has been studied numerically. Effects of mixture filtration velocity, equivalence ratio and burner transverse size on the flame structure have been investigated and the regions of existence of different combustion regimes have been determined. It was found that the influence of the hydrodynamic instability on the flame dynamics is significant in the case of the moderate and high filtration velocities and this effect is negligible at the low velocities. At the moderate filtration velocities the effect of hydrodynamic instability manifests in the flame front deformation and in particular in the flame inclination. It was found that the flame can be stabilized within the whole interval of the filtration gas velocity, whereas in the ordinary porous media the standing wave is settled only at fixed value of gas filtration velocity. This finding is in line with recent experimental results on combustion in micro-fibrous porous media (Yang et al., Combust. Sci. Tech. 181 (2009), 1–16). Possible physical interpretation of the flame anchoring effect may be given on the base of present numerical analysis. At the high filtration velocities the hydrodynamic instability manifests itself in periodical appearance of the moving wrinkles on the flame front surface which forms non stationary high temperature trailing spots behind the leading part of the flame front. Such dynamics may be associated with splitting wave structures which were revealed in previous experiments (Yang et al., Combust. Sci. Tech. 181 (2009), 1–16).     

基于LabVIEW的声波谐振管实验研究

为了更高效地测量声波谐振管的谐振频率,本文基于LabVIEW设计了测量声波谐振管谐振频率的扫频程序,分别得到了两端闭管条件下不同管长的谐振频率,以及首端闭管与尾端闭管条件下的谐振频率.此外,还通过绘制管内驻波波形图对声压波腹发生偏离的假设进行了验证.最后,对谐振管管身小孔开闭对谐振频率的影响进行了探究,发现小孔位置越接近驻波的声压波腹,谐振频率的偏离量越大.     

原子光刻中驻波场与基片距离的判定方法研究

原子光刻实验中, 激光驻波场能起到原子透镜的效果, 实现原子汇聚. 激光驻波场与沉积基片间的距离对形成纳米条纹结构的质量具有重要影响. 利用高斯光束传播规律, 提出了一种能够定量判断激光驻波场与沉积基片相对位置的实验方法. 该方法通过调节装载有凸透镜和反射镜的精密位移台改变驻波场距基片的距离, 利用光电探测器接收反射光强的变化, 将位移改变量转变为接收器的电压信号. 利用驻波场激光束光斑直径值, 实现准确定位驻波场与基片的距离. 对上述实验过程进行数值模拟, 数值计算的结果和实验结果高度符合. 该方法实现了准确定位驻波场距基片的距离, 为后续深入研究驻波场和基片间距离对沉积纳米条纹结构质量的影响提供实验基础.     

圆柱受限空间内喷雾燃烧振荡特性研究

本文研究了圆柱受限空间内的喷雾火焰燃烧压力振荡的特性。为了更清楚地了解火焰的构造,首先测量了火焰的温度场。在较大的一次风和二次风变化范围内,测量了压力的振荡特性。结果表明：火焰的稳定是由回流区完成的,在较小的一次风燃料当量比和中等的二次风量时,振荡最强,达到 １００ Ｐａ左右的量级。其频率为 ２００～２３０ Ｈｚ左右。分析表明燃烧室中的振荡是轴向驻波振荡。     

电子在激光驻波场中运动产生的太赫兹及X射线辐射研究

采用单电子模型和经典辐射理论分别对低能和高能电子在线偏振激光驻波场中的运动和辐射过程进行了研究. 结果表明: 垂直于激光电场方向入射的低速电子在激光驻波场中随着光强的增大, 逐渐从一维近周期运动演变为二维折叠运动, 并产生强的微米量级波长的太赫兹辐射; 高能电子垂直或者平行于激光电场方向入射到激光驻波场中, 都会产生波长在几个纳米的高频辐射; 低能电子与激光驻波场作用中, 激光强度影响着电子的运动形式、辐射频率以及辐射强度; 高能电子入射时, 激光强度影响了电子高频辐射的强度, 电子初始能量影响着辐射的频率; 电子能量越高, 产生的辐射频率越大. 研究表明可以由激光加速电子的方式得到不同能量的电子束, 并利用电子束在激光驻波场的辐射使之成为太赫兹和X射线波段的小型辐射源. 研究结果可以为实验研究和利用激光驻波场中的电子辐射提供依据.