敷设阻尼材料的双层圆柱壳声辐射性能分析

研究了外层壳上敷设粘弹性阻尼材料的双层壳体的振动和声辐射性能,采用经典Flugge微分算子描述壳体的运动,敷设粘弹性阻尼材料的双层壳体的粘弹性阻尼层的运动用三维Navier方程描述,将阻尼沿厚度方向的位移用泰勒展开表示,利用位移和应力的连续性边界条件建立振动方程。详细讨论了阻尼层厚度、弹性模量、损耗因子及静水压缩因子等参数对双层壳体振动和声辐射的影响,表明阻尼材料的弹性模量越高,阻尼层越薄,损耗因子越小,壳体的辐射声功率越高;对于较高频率的激励,必需考虑阻尼层质量的影响,选择密度低的阻尼材料对减振降噪有利。     

复合阻尼层圆板的优化设计

在阻尼结构的设计过程中，常常需要根据实际情况，合理确定各项参数，以达到提高阻尼板对振动能量的损耗率、增强阻尼板刚度的目的。阻尼板中应变能与损耗因子的关系为η^（r）=ηeVE^（r）/V^（r）＋ηV/Vv^（r）/V^（r）（1）式中：V^（r）是阻尼结构第r阶的总变形能；VE^（r），Vv^（r）分别是弹性材料、黏弹性材料第r阶的变形能。     

空芯光子带隙光纤纤芯-包层交界面的设计

利用平面波展开法计算了圆六边形空气孔按三角形排列的光子晶体带隙,基于带隙图设计了移去7根玻璃毛细管形成纤芯、传输波长λ=1.55 μm的空芯光子带隙光纤的结构参量.随后利用全矢量有限元法计算了所设计的在纤芯-包层交界面处引入石英环的光纤,给出了在不同半径情况下沿z轴方向的光强分布、光强等高线分布图和损耗随引入石英环相对厚度的变化曲线.得出了光纤消除表面模、减小损耗的纤芯外半径取值范围为1.55Λ～1.7Λ,石英环的相对厚度取值范围为1.3～1.5或3.4～3.8.通过分析发现石英环的引入既可以抑制表面模也可以激发表面模,抑制还是激发有赖于纤芯外半径和石英环厚度的选择.     

加肋板稳态简谐响应的粘弹性阻尼控制研究

应用模态叠加法研究了用粘弹性阻尼控制加筋板的稳态简谐响应。考察了在板上加自由阻尼层和加粘弹性梁的情况，分析了阻尼材料损耗因子、阻尼层厚度以及粘弹性梁剖面尺寸对结构响应的影响。对３种阻尼处理情况进行了比较。结构的幅频特性表明，粘弹性材料能够有效地控制结构的共振响应。     

Ge30Sb8Se62硫系玻璃的制备及其10.6μm低损耗空芯光子带隙光纤的设计

硫系玻璃光子晶体光纤在中远红外激光传输领域具有广阔的应用前景。制备了红外波段具有优良透过特性的Ge30Sb8Se62硫系玻璃,并以此为基质材料设计了一种适合于高功率中红外激光传输的带隙型光子晶体光纤。利用平面波展开法和有限元法分析了不同结构下该光纤的光子带隙、模场面积和限制损耗特性。通过优化光纤的结构参数,获得了在10.6μm处限制损耗小于0.1dB/m的大模场(模场面积大于100μm2)光子晶体光纤。     

基于傅里叶变换轮廓术的动态液膜测量

动态液膜三维形貌的高速测量及重建，对于能源动力领域的工业过程优化十分重要。基于傅里叶变换轮廓术，对缓变表面和非缓变表面分别进行了模拟仿真，研究了物体表面形貌重建精度的影响因素，包括物体表面高度变化率、环境随机噪声以及条纹频率。并根据模拟结果对实验参数进行了优化，研发构建了高速三维结构光测量系统，对竖直壁面下降液膜表面形貌进行了动态测量。实验结果表明:随着液膜沿竖直壁面向下流动，液膜厚度呈现先增大后减小的趋势，高度方向的平均误差为0.1 mm，傅里叶变换轮廓术能够精确地应用于动态液膜高速测量。     

一种含柱形空腔结构橡胶层的吸声机理及优化

采用有限元法,分析了含单层柱形空腔橡胶层(厚度20 mm)的吸声性能,表明其吸声峰频率比相同尺寸的球形空腔低,这与单个柱形和球形空腔的单极共振频率相对应,通过谐波散射分析证实了空腔单极共振引起的能量耗散增强了声波的吸收。采用能量耗散功率及位移场分布,对柱形空腔结构的吸声机理进行了深入分析.其次,在钢背衬条件下分析了横波损耗因子对橡胶层吸声特性的影响,并采用遗传算法对含不同尺寸柱形空腔橡胶层在1.5—10 kHz频段上的吸声特性进行了优化,获得了较好的宽频吸声效果.     

船舶典型结构损耗因子试验及应用研究

损耗因子是衡量系统阻尼特性并决定其振动能量耗散能力的重要参数,对船舶水下噪声预报分析具有重要影响。针对船舶结构特点,选取内底板、舱壁板和甲板等典型结构建立试验模型,基于瞬态衰减法,对船舶典型结构损耗因子进行测试,分析、掌握其特性规律。在此基础上,开展船舶典型结构损耗因子水下噪声预报应用研究,结果表明,损耗因子对船舶水下噪声具有较大影响,进行船舶水下噪声预报时需开展相关损耗因子测试。     

大面积高分子压电薄膜水听器对湍流边界层压力起伏的自噪声响应

分析大面积高分子压电薄膜水听器（PVDF）水听器在湍流边界层压力起伏（TBLPF）作用下的电压响应。推导了利用TBLPF的波数频率谱密度和水听器的响应函数来计算TBLPF激励下水听器输出电压的自功率谱密度的一般表达式,并利用转移矩阵法求解了水听器理论模型的响应函数。还计算了该水听器的灵敏度和其对TBLPF响应的等效平面波声压谱密度级。结果表明,大面积PVDF水听器的灵敏度和其对TBLPF的响应谱可能出现弯曲振动谐振峰,这些峰仅靠增加表面覆盖层的厚度是难以抑制的。讨论了避免或抑制这些峰的可能方法。     

普速列车与动车组交会过程的车窗安全性研究

随着既有线路上普通快速列车和动车组运行速度的提高,会车时两车之间的气动压力会明显增大。因此,会车压力波给交会的普通快速列车和动车组造成的舒适性和安全性等影响明显加剧。采用基于雷诺时均法(RANS)的RNG k-e二方程的湍流模型仿真计算普通快速列车时速140km与动车组时速200km时,明线和隧道两种工况下会车过程的压力波动情况,并用计算得到的车窗处压力从车窗玻璃的静强度、车窗玻璃的动态冲击强度和车窗安装强度三个方面分析了交会过程的车窗安全性。结果表明: 明线会车过程两车交会侧车窗受正压和负压的影响,隧道会车过程两车交会侧车窗主要受较大的负压的影响。受压缩波和膨胀波的叠加影响,交会压力波的头波波峰和尾波波谷的波动较小,而头波波谷和尾波波峰的波动较大。在隧道会车时,动车组车窗中心处的负压极值最大值约为明线会车的3.87倍,压力波幅值最大值和最大压力平均变化率较接近;普通快速列车车窗中心处的负压极值最大值约为明线会车的4.25倍,压力波幅值最大值和最大压力平均变化率相差较大。车窗的长宽比越大,安装结构强度越大,安装结构越宽,安装强度越大。     

Analytical evaluation of the acoustic insulation provided by double infinite walls

The acoustic insulation provided by infinite double panel walls, when subjected to spatially sinusoidal line pressure loads, is computed analytically. The methodology used extends earlier work by the authors on the definition of the acoustic insulation conferred by a single panel wall. It does not entail any simplification other than the assumption that the panels are of infinite extent. The full interaction between the fluid (air) and the solid layers is thus taken into account and the calculation does not involve limiting the thickness of any layer, as the Kirchhoff or Mindlin theories require. The problem is first formulated in the frequency domain. Time domain solutions are then obtained by means of inverse Fourier transforms using complex frequencies.The model is first used to compute the sound reduction provided by a double homogeneous brick wall, with identical panels, when illuminated by plane sound waves. The results are then compared with those provided by the simplified method proposed by London, which was later extended by Beranek (London-Beranek method). The limitations of the simplified London-Beranek model, namely, its applicability only to double walls with identical mass, subjected to plane waves, and its failure to account for the coincidence effect, are overcome by the method proposed.Time signatures are produced to illustrate the different sound transmission mechanisms. Several types of body and guided waves are originated, giving rise to a complex dynamic system with multiple reflections within the solid and fluid layers and the global resonance of the system. The effect of the cavity absorption is considered by attributing a complex density to the air filling the space between the two wall panels. Absorption attenuates the dips of insulation controlled by the cavity resonances. Several simulations are then performed for different combinations of wall and air layer thickness to assess the influence of this variable on the final acoustic insulation. The influence of the air cavity on sound reduction was found to be dependent on the frequency. At low frequencies a better performance was achieved for thicker air layers, while at higher frequencies a thinner air layer is preferable. The use of wall panels with different mass resulted in the wall performing better, particularly for high frequencies.     

Numerical analysis and passive control of a car side window buffeting noise based on Scale-Adaptive Simulation

Flow over an open side window in a car exhibits similar characteristics as the flow over an open cavity. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation over a cavity was done as a benchmark. The unsteady flow simulation was carried out using Scale Adaptive Simulation (SAS) turbulence model. The benchmark results, frequency and sound pressure levels of feedback and resonance modes, all well matched with the experimental data. Then, with the right rear window, for example, the mechanism of the side window buffeting was investigated. The simulation results show that side window buffeting noise is generated by large scale vortices and in low frequency. Furthermore, buffeting noise characteristics under several patterns of side windows opening were also numerically investigated. As a result, rear window buffeting noise is more severe than that of front window when one window open, and combination pattern of side windows open can reduce buffeting noise. To decrease the interior noise and improve car ride comfort, four suppression measures through adding a side window weather deflector at the A-pillars, constructing a cavity at the B-pillars, combination of the front and rear windows and installing a row of square cylinder deflector at the B-pillars were also studied, respectively. In conclusion, certain noise reduction can be achieved through four passive control methods.     

利用混合FE-SEA方法的前围隔声性能优化设计*

为了提升某重型商用车前围的隔声性能,建立了用于分析前围传递损失的有限元-统计能量分析(FE-SEA)模型。针对前围结构复杂的特点,依据FE-SEA模型建模原则,提出了通过在表面创建声腔来确保能量在模型中的正确传递路径。将仿真结果与测试值对比,二者误差小于1.6 dB(A),验证了FE-SEA方法的准确性。用吸声材料与隔声材料复合设计前围声学包,采用正交试验法对前围声学包进行优化设计并对各个试验方案进行仿真计算。对仿真结果进行极差分析与方差分析,选出了在传递损失、重量和厚度三方面达到最佳平衡的声学包:毛毡(10 mm)+EPDM隔声垫(2 mm)。结果表明,优化后的前围传递损失在测试频率315 Hz～2000 Hz范围内最小提升了3.8 dB(A),最大提升了7 dB(A),前围的隔声性能得到较大的提升。     

Parameter sensitivity of a T-junction sea model; the importance of the internal damping loss factors

For a typical building acoustics configuration, a T-junction of plates formed by a light weight wall placed on a heavy floor, a statistical energy analysis (SEA) model is presented. Only structural systems (i.e., no acoustic wavefields) are considered. Besides bending waves also in-plane waves, quasi-longitudinal and plane transverse waves, in particular, are included in the calculation. A parametric survey is conducted on the T-junction model—for one frequency (1000 Hz) only—in order to find the sensitivity of the SEA model to the inaccuracies of its parameters. It is shown that, when using reverberation time measurements of the plates to determine the internal damping loss factors, the worst case variations of the internal damping loss factors cause variations in the junction dampings of bending waves of about one order higher than any of the other parameters. Therefore, the conclusion is that in cases where the internal damping loss factors are large with respect to the coupling loss factors, it is necessary to obtain more accurate estimates for the internal damping loss factors than are found with simple reverberation time measurements of plates.     

管束穿孔板的管腔耦合共振吸声机理研究

为了揭示管束穿孔板共振吸声结构的吸声机理,利用热黏性条件下基于有限元算法的管束穿孔板仿真模型,研究了平面声波正入射条件下,管束穿孔板内部声场分布特征,并利用阻抗管对吸声系数的理论仿真结果进行了试验验证.结果表明,管束穿孔板在低频主要靠腔体共振吸声,在高频主要靠管共振吸声,管束穿孔板整体呈现出较为明显的管腔耦合共振吸声特征。管束穿孔板共振时管中声强和质点法向振速较大,高频次吸声峰频点处管中和腔中均有驻波形成,频率越高驻波数量越多.管束穿孔板的耦合共振受到管长、腔深、穿孔率和管内径等参数变化的影响,管长对高频耦合共振的影响最大,管长增大使高频主吸声峰频点移向低频,并使相邻主吸声峰之间的间距减小.      

Transmission of reverberant sound through orthotropic,viscoelastic multilayered plates

In previous work the authors have studied acoustic transmission through orthotropic multilayered plates under oblique plane wave excitation. In this paper an extension of this work to the case of reverberant sound excitation is reported. In order to compute the mean transmission loss over the wave incidence angles an analytical method has been adopted, rather than the classical double integral calculation which is very cumbersome. The influences of layering, damping, and orthotropy are discussed. A comparison between theoretical and experimental results is presented.     

Acoustic characteristics of composite materials as acoustic window at oblique incidence of sound waves

This paper described a method for estimating the acoustic characteristics of composite materials at oblique incidence of sound waves. Composite materials are used as acoustic windows of SONAR to protect the internal sensors and electronic parts from water. In this study the composite material of glass reinforced plastic and polyurethane was used as the specimen. As the acoustic characteristics the velocities and attenuation coefficients of sound waves through the composite material were measured in the high frequency range. The insertion loss was also measured as a function of incident angle at 200 and 76 kHz, respectively. The attenuation coefficients in the low frequency range were estimated by interpolating the measured attenuation in the high frequency range with power-law form fitting. A four-medium layer model was proposed to estimate the insertion loss of composite materials at oblique incidence of sound waves in the low frequency range. The four-medium layer model well described the experimentally measured insertion loss at the high frequency range. It suggests that the insertion loss of the composite materials can be well estimated as a function of incident angle in the low frequency range.     

The Influence of Window Parameters on the Transmission Characteristics of Millimeter Waves

This work reports about the influence of some window parameters, such as the mechanical tolerance of disk thickness, the variation of distance between two disks, and the frequency drift during gyrotron operation on the transmission characteristics of millimeter waves. Detailed calculations of the transmission characteristics for a single-disk gyrotron window and frequency tunable double-disk plasma fusion torus windows have been performed. The geometry of the window units has been optimized in order to obtain a suitable transmission characteristic, i.e. power reflection less than –20 dB within a frequency bandwidth of about 1 GHz around the chosen frequencies.     

Experimental study of sound propagation in a flexible duct

Propagation of sound in a flexible duct is investigated both theoretically and experimentally. Strong coupling of sound and flexural waves on the duct wall is found when the wall-to-air mass ratio is of the order of unity. The axial phase speed of sound approaches the in vacuo speed of flexural waves (subsonic in this case) at low frequencies. However, a speed higher than the isentropic sound speed in free space (340 m/s) is found beyond a critical frequency which is a function of the mass ratio. Experiments using a duct with a finite section of tensioned membrane are compared with the propagating modes pertaining to the infinite membrane model. Satisfactory quantitative agreement is obtained and the measured phase speed ranges from 8.3 to 1348 m/s. In the moderate frequency range, the theory predicts high spatial damping rate for the subsonic waves, which is consistent with the experimental observation that subsonic waves become increasingly undetectable as the frequency increases. Substantial sound reflection is observed at the interface between the rigid and the flexible segments of the duct without cross-section discontinuity, which, together with the high spatial damping, could form a basis for passive control of low-frequency duct noise.     

Geometric and number effect on damping capacity of Helmholtz resonators in a model chamber

An acoustic cavity was selected as a stabilization device to control high-frequency combustion instabilities in gas turbines or liquid rocket engine combustors, and the acoustic damping capacity of the acoustic cavity was investigated for various geometric configurations under atmospheric non-reacting conditions. The tuning frequency of the acoustic cavity and the acoustic responses of a model chamber with a single acoustic cavity were studied first. Damping capacity was initially quantified through the frequency width of two split modes and the amplitude-damped ratio. The results showed that the cavity with the largest orifice area or the shortest orifice length was the most effective in acoustic damping of the harmful resonant mode. The effect of the number of cavities on acoustic damping capacity was also studied. Damping capacity was improved by increasing the number of cavities. For a better evaluation of acoustic damping capacity, two quantified parameters; the acoustic absorption, meaning the damping efficiency, and acoustic conductance, meaning the acoustic power loss, were introduced. The case was observed that has had insufficient loss of acoustic power in spite of having the highest absorption efficiency. As a result, fine geometric tuning for the acoustic cavity is required for the sufficient passive control. Also, the choice of the number of cavities is important to optimize the damping efficiency and absolute damping loss in consideration of the restriction of the cavity volume.