固相萃取-高效毛细管电泳法同时分离测定水体和土壤中13种抗生素

采用固相萃取(SPE)纯化、富集,高效毛细管电泳(HPCE)分离和紫外光谱检测同时分离并测定水体和土壤样品中13种抗生素的含量。所采得的土壤样品需先经规定方法制成固态分析样品,并取此样品4.000g,用二乙胺四乙酸二钠0.8g、Mcllvacine缓冲溶液和乙腈(1+1)混合液提取样品3次(每次加入混合液20.0mL)。合并3次所得提取液(上清液),用0.22μm滤膜过滤后,按与水的体积比为1∶2.5加水稀释。此溶液待SPE纯化及富集。所采集的水样经0.22μm滤膜过滤后,用0.1mol·L~(-1) HCl溶液调节pH至5.0。此溶液继续进行SPE纯化及富集。分取上述土壤(或水样)样品溶液150mL,流经HLB SPE柱,用甲醇-水(10+90)混合液淋洗SPE柱除去杂质,随即用甲醇-乙腈(1+1)混合液2mL洗脱柱上吸附的抗生素,收集洗脱液,吹氮至近干,加入水300μL溶解残渣,所得溶液进入HPCE柱进行电泳分离,选择由65.0 mmol·L~(-1)硼砂和50.0mmol·L~(-1)硼酸组成的pH 9.0的缓冲溶液和甲醇及异丙醇(88+10+2)的混合液作为电泳介质,在分离电压为19kV,柱温为23℃,压力为3.45kPa条件下进样7s,13种抗生素可在25min内完全分离。选择在波长210nm处进行检测。13种抗生素的线性范围均在150μg·L~(-1)以内,检出限(3S/N)在0.40～1.0μg·L~(-1)之间。以空白基质进行加标回收试验,测得回收率在78.5%～107%之间。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水产品中瑞他莫林的残留量

称取经匀浆的水产样品2.00g,加入100μg·L~(-1) ~(13)C_4-泰妙菌素甲醇溶液20μL作为内标,加入甲酸-乙腈(2+98)混合液10mL,按下述操作提取样品中瑞他莫林至提取溶剂中:将混合物涡旋30s,在40℃水浴中超声处理10min,然后离心5min,取其上清液4.5mL,加水稀释至15.0mL。将此溶液流过Oasis HLB固相萃取柱,用甲醇-水(5+95)溶液淋洗固相萃取(SPE)柱后抽干柱上残留溶液,弃去淋洗液,用甲醇4mL从SPE柱上洗脱分析物,收集淋洗液,并将其置于50℃水浴上吹氮至干。加入流动相(A)+(B)(80+20)的混合液1mL溶解残渣。所得溶液经0.22μm滤膜过滤,滤液作为被测液供超高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析,进样量为10μL。用Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C_(18)色谱柱为固定相,以不同比例的每升溶液中含甲酸0.5 mL的5mmol·L~(-1)乙酸铵溶液(A)和乙腈(B)的混合液作为流动相,按设定程序进行梯度淋洗。串联质谱分析采用电喷雾离子源正离子扫描和多反应监测模式。测得瑞他莫林的线性范围在1.0～20.0μg·L~(-1)之间。其检出限(3S/N)为0.1μg·kg~(-1)。以3种水产品样品为基质,用标准加入法进行回收试验,测得回收率在98.9%～105%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在2.0%～3.8%。     

柱后衍生-高效液相色谱法测定水中呋喃丹和甲萘威

提出了测定水中呋喃丹和甲萘威的柱后衍生-高效液相色谱法。水样经盐酸酸化至pH 3后,用0.45μm水性滤膜过滤,取200μL水样直接进样,用Waters Carbamate Analysis分析柱(3.9 mm×150 mm,5μm)和以甲醇-乙腈-水(1+1+3)混合液作为流动相进行分离。分离后用2 g·L-1氢氧化钠溶液进行水解,用每升中含邻苯二甲醛0.1 g、十水硼酸钠19.1 g及2-巯基乙醇0.5 mL的溶液进行衍生化,用荧光检测器在激发波长(eλx)为339 nm,发射波长(eλm)为445 nm处检测。方法检出限(3S/N)均为4×10-4mg·L-1。应用此方法测定了水厂出厂水和河水中呋喃丹和甲萘威,并用标准加入法做回收试验,测得其平均回收率依次为93.0%~98.0%之间和93.0%~99.4%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)小于0.50%。     

自动固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-柱后衍生法测定水中呋喃丹的含量

采用自动固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-柱后衍生法测定水中呋喃丹的含量。水样(200mL)以5mL·min-1流量富集于C18SPE小柱上,用吹氮法吹干小柱,用四氢呋喃5mL,以1mL·min-1流量洗脱,所得洗脱液吹氮至近干,用甲醇定容至1mL。试液按色谱分离条件操作,所得洗脱液[甲醇-水(60+40)]进行柱后衍生反应单元。用2.0g·L-1氢氧化钠溶液为水解试剂,以邻苯二甲醛荧光试剂溶液为衍生试剂,上述两者的流量均为0.3 mL·min-1,水解温度为105℃,对所得衍生物进行荧光检测(λex=339nm,λem=445nm)。呋喃丹的质量浓度在0.010~2.00mg·L-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系。方法的检出限(3S/N)为0.87μg·L-1,加标回收率在99.3%~100%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)均小于3.5%。     

免疫亲和柱净化-光化学柱后衍生-高效液相色谱法测定柏子仁中的黄曲霉毒素

采用免疫亲和柱净化-光化学柱后衍生-高效液相色谱法测定中药材柏子仁中的黄曲霉毒素G_2、G_1、B_2和B_1。样品经甲醇(7+3)溶液提取,提取液经免疫亲和柱净化,用甲醇洗脱,洗脱液经黄曲霉毒素专用C18色谱柱分离,以甲醇(45+55)溶液为流动相进行洗脱,柱后光化学衍生波长为254nm,荧光检测器的激发波长为365nm,发射波长为440nm。黄曲霉毒素G2、B2的线性范围均为0.125~5.0μg·L~(-1),黄曲霉毒素G_1、B_1的线性范围均为0.50~20μg·L~(-1),检出限(3S/N)在0.012~0.047μg·L~(-1)之间。加标回收率81.4%~105%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.6%~6.9%之间。     

柱前衍生-反相高效液相色谱法测定氨基酸

向氨基酸溶液中加入对甲氧基苯磺酰氯(MOBS-Cl)试剂,在55℃水浴中加热35min使氨基酸衍生化,所得含有氨基酸衍生物的溶液用于反相高效液相色谱分析。选用ODS C_(18)柱(4.6mm×150mm,5.0μm)为固定相,以不同体积比的15mmol·L~(-1)磷酸二氢钠溶液和乙腈为流动相进行梯度淋洗,以235nm作为检测波长,提出了测定氨基酸的柱前衍生-反相高效液相色谱法。17种氨基酸衍生物的峰面积与其浓度均在0.01～5.0mmol·L~(-1)范围内呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)在0.0010～0.0050mmol·L~(-1)之间。取5.0,25.0,50.0g·L~(-1)氨基酸标准溶液从衍生化操作开始分别重复测定5次,根据所测得峰面积值计算其相对标准偏差均小于5.0%。     

高效液相色谱法测定复硝酚钠的三种组分

提出了高效液相色谱法同时测定植物激素复硝酚钠的3个组分,5-硝基愈创木酚钠、邻硝基苯酚钠、对硝基苯酚钠含量的方法。以Hypersil BDS C_(18)(200mm×4.6mm,5μm)色谱柱为分离柱,以甲醇-水(55+45)溶液为流动相,用二极管阵列检测器在235nm波长处测定。3个组分的质量浓度均在5～300 mg·L~(-1)之间与其峰面积呈线性关系。标准加入法测得回收率在99.5%～101.7%之间。加入50 mg·L~(-1)上述3个组分的混合标准溶液对方法的精密度进行试验,测得其相对标准偏差(n=6)依次为0.46%,0.37%,0.53%。     

固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定饮用水中18种典型药品和个人护理品

取饮用水样1.0L,用0.2μm滤膜过滤。滤液以5mL·min~(-1)的流量通过活化后的HLB固相萃取柱(SPE),使18种被测物在柱上分离富集。先后用水10mL和15%(体积分数)甲醇溶液10mL淋洗HLB柱,随即用甲醇15mL洗脱吸附于柱上的被测物。收集洗脱液并于30℃下吹氮,使其体积蒸缩至200μL,加水定容至1.0mL,离心10min,取其上清液,用0.22μm针式过滤器过滤后,取其滤液在仪器工作条件下进行超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)分析。选用Waters UPLCTMBEH C18色谱柱作为分离柱,用不同比例的(A)8mmol·L~(-1)甲酸铵溶液[含0.1%(体积分数,下同)甲酸]和(B)体积比为1∶1甲醇-乙腈混合液(含1%甲酸)的混合液作为流动相,将色谱柱上的被测物进行梯度洗脱,18种分析物可在34min内达到较好的分离。在MS/MS分析中选择电喷雾离子源正离子(ESI+)和多反应监测(MRM)模式进行测定。所涉及18种被测物的质量浓度均在15μg·L~(-1)内与其对应的色谱峰面积呈线性关系,其检出限(3S/N)为5～50pg·L~(-1)。以超纯水和自来水为基质进行加标回收试验,回收率分别为64.4%～113%和78.2%～116%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)分别为1.6%～19%和2.8%～18%。对采自全国不同区域的7个水厂的实样按方法进行分析,其中有3份水样中检出4-乙酰氨基安替比林的含量高于1ng·L~(-1);在所测7份水样中均测得卡马西平和吡喹酮,其含量均低于1ng·L~(-1);还在3～5份水样中测得含量1ng·L~(-1)的四咪唑、磺胺甲恶唑、磺胺噻唑和磺胺二甲基嘧啶等化合物。     

分子印迹固相萃取技术-高效液相色谱法测定奶制品和饲料中三聚氰胺含量

以三聚氰胺为模板分子制备了三聚氰胺分子印迹聚合物(MIP),并将此聚合物装入自制的漏斗型固相萃取柱(SPE),制成对三聚氰胺有特异分子识别能力的SPE小柱。称取样品溶液10mL,以0.5mL·min-1速率流经SPE小柱,依次用水和甲醇-水(1+1)混合液各5mL淋洗小柱后,用甲醇-氨水(95+5)混合液8mL自然洗脱,将洗脱液吹氮蒸干,用甲醇1mL溶解残渣,所得溶液用于高效液相色谱分析。选用Inertsil ODS-SP C18色谱柱及(A)pH 3.0的10mmol·L-1辛烷磺酸钠-10mmol·L-1柠檬酸混合溶液和(B)乙腈以90比10比例相混的混合液作为流动相进行色谱分离。检测波长为240nm。在3个浓度水平进行回收试验,测得回收率在89.0%~97.0%之间。     

高效液相色谱法测定联苯菊酯悬浮剂中联苯菊酯

提出了高效液相色谱法测定联苯菊酯悬浮剂中联苯菊酯含量的方法。样品用甲醇超声提取20min,分取部分提取液用流动相溶液,即甲醇与水(87+13)的混合溶液定容为100mL。用针头过滤器净化并取出此溶液,通过Agilent Eclipse XDB-C_(18)色谱柱,并用上述流动相溶液进行分离,流量为1.4mL·min~(-1),于206 nm波长处用二极管阵列检测器检测。联苯菊酯的质量浓度在3.0～50.0mg·L~(-1)范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)为0.67mg·L~(-1)。在11.1,15.5,24.4mg·L~(-1)三个添加水平下,回收率在99.2%～104.5%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.8%～2.9%之间。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.