近距离激光外差探测光学极限位移分辨率

通过统计理论和维纳-辛钦定理推导出激光外差探测系统光电流的功率谱函数,分析了光电流谱线分布与激光光源线宽、中频信号频率以及信号光相对本振光传输延迟时间的关系,修正了相关文献中光电流功率谱的理论公式.根据信号与噪声理论建立了激光线宽引起的相位噪声的一维概率分布模型,并据此得到了基于激光波长、探测距离以及激光线宽的极限位移分辨率的数学模型.对光电流的功率谱和外差光学极限位移分辨率进行了相关的数值仿真,结果表明延迟时间与相干时间的关系决定光电流谱线分布的情况.当激光波长为532 nm,激光线宽在1 kHz,探测距离为100 m时,光学极限位移分辨率为0.266 nm,相关文献中的实验数据与理论推导结果相符合.     

基于时变功率谱的激光器调谐瞬时线宽测量方法研究

半导体激光器的线宽通常采用激光外差测量技术,通过差拍信号的功率谱密度函数来确定,受傅里叶变换方法的限制,得到的均是在一定时间段内的静态平均线宽。为了获得半导体激光器在电流调谐过程中的瞬时线宽特性,提出了利用时变功率谱获知调谐瞬时线宽的相干和非相干测量方法,并分别进行了理论分析和实验验证。首先对半导体激光器输出光信号及差拍信号进行了时间-频率域下的数学描述,确定了时变功率谱与调谐瞬时线宽的关系;其次,针对差拍信号的趋向性特征,提出了趋势局部均值分解方法,并研究了利用分解出的乘积函数建立差拍信号及激光器输出光信号的时变功率谱的方法;最后利用非相干和相干测量法分别获得了分布反馈式半导体激光器在50~51及50~100 mA锯齿波电流调谐过程中的瞬时线宽。     

Spectral linewidth and FM response for a four-section DBR laser

Conclusion Theoretical expressions were presented for the spectral linewidth, effective linewidth enhancement factor and FM response of a DBR laser with two active and two passive sections. It was shown that a nearly flat red-shifted FM response over several gigahertz can be obtained by nonuniform current injection and modulation of the lower-carrier-density section in the active region. However, a high FM efficiency is also accompanied by a relatively large spectral linewidth. Wavelength tuning by using the injection currents through the passive sections enhances the red-shifted FM efficiency but also broadens the spectral linewidth. In practice, linewidth broadening could be suppressed by using a large-bandgap material as the passive waveguide in order to reduce the optical confinement factor and, consequently, the tuning efficiency.     

A smile insensitive method for spectral linewidth narrowing on high power laser diode arrays

To eliminate the smile effect in spectral linewidth narrowing on high power laser diode arrays, we have introduced a plane reflective mirror into a common Littrow configuration external cavity to enhance the correlation among emitters. By this way, we obtained uniform spectral distribution among emitters of a 64-elements laser diode array with 35 GHz linewidth and 41 W output laser power.     

有效压缩增益开关DFB激光器光谱线宽的注入时间窗口

实验与理论研究了外光注入种子脉冲有效压缩增益开关DFB激光器光谱线宽的注入时间窗口.发现只有在增益开关光脉冲建立之前约100 ps的时间窗口内，注入种子脉冲方可以有效压缩增益开关DFB半导体激光器光谱线宽, 并且线宽随着注入光强度的增加而减小，可产生低啁啾的近变换极限的超短光脉冲.实验证实，在此时间窗口内注入种子脉冲，增益开关DFB激光器的光谱线宽从0.46 nm压缩至0.08 nm，时间带宽积从2.46降低至0.70.同时理论研究了增益开关DFB半导体激光器的光谱线宽压缩与种子脉冲的注入时间及强度的关系.     

A parametric approach to spectral-spatial EPR imaging

Continuous wave electron paramagnetic resonance imaging for in vivo mapping of spin distribution and spectral shape requires rapid data acquisition. A spectral-spatial imaging technique is presented that provides an order of magnitude reduction in acquisition time, compared to iterative tomographic reprojection. The proposed approach assumes that spectral shapes in the sample are well-approximated by members from a parametric family of functions. A model is developed for the spectra measured with magnetic field modulation. Parameters defining the spin distribution and spectral shapes are then determined directly from the measurements using maximum a posteriori probability estimation. The approach does not suffer approximation error from limited sweep width of the main magnetic field and explicitly incorporates the variability in signal-to-noise ratio versus strength of magnetic field gradient. The processing technique is experimentally demonstrated on a one-dimensional phantom containing a nitroxide spin label with constant g-factor. Using an L-band EPR spectrometer, spectral shapes and spin distribution are accurately recovered from two projections and a spectral window which is comparable to the maximum linewidth of the sample.     

Dynamics of the transition from strong to weak coupling regime in a system of exciton polaritons in semiconductor microcavities

The dynamics of polaritonic emission of a GaAs-based microcavity with embedded quantum wells under nonresonant optical excitation is studied. Kinetic dependences of the intensity, spectral position, and linewidth of spontaneous and stimulated emission of the microcavity are measured. It is established that the dynamics of the high-frequency shift of the emission line is qualitatively similar to the dynamics of the emission intensity, but the spectral shift attains its maximum value before the peak intensity is reached. The emission linewidth is maximal immediately after the excitation pulse. Under the conditions of spontaneous emission, the linewidth decreases steadily with time, approaching the value corresponding to low polariton densities. Under lasing conditions, the linewidth is at a minimum when the stimulated-emission intensity attains its peak value. The experimental data are analyzed on the basis of a theoretical model that describes relaxation processes taking into account exciton-exciton and exciton-free carrier interactions.     

Analysis of the spectral linewidth of three-cavity semiconductor laser diodes

The spectral linewidth for a semiconductor laser diode coupled to two external cavities (known as a three-cavity laser diode) is studied in the article. A closed-form expression for the linewidth of this laser is derived by analyzing the number of photons in the laser cavity. It is found that, because of the optical feedback provided by the external cavities, the photon lifetime becomes longer than that of a solitary Fabry-Perot (FP) laser, hence reducing the value of the spectral linewidth. Our theoretical investigations reveal that the linewidth of a three-cavity laser can be reduced further by using external mirrors with high reflectivities and using anti-refection (AR) coatings on the laser diode facets. We have also studied the effects of uncertainties in the linewidth enhancement factor a due to optical feedback and found that such uncertainties have negligible effects on the validity of our results.     

EPR oximetry in three spatial dimensions using sparse spin distribution

A method is presented to use continuous wave electron paramagnetic resonance imaging for rapid measurement of oxygen partial pressure in three spatial dimensions. A particulate paramagnetic probe is employed to create a sparse distribution of spins in a volume of interest. Information encoding location and spectral linewidth is collected by varying the spatial orientation and strength of an applied magnetic gradient field. Data processing exploits the spatial sparseness of spins to detect voxels with nonzero spin and to estimate the spectral linewidth for those voxels. The parsimonious representation of spin locations and linewidths permits an order of magnitude reduction in data acquisition time, compared to four-dimensional tomographic reconstruction using traditional spectral-spatial imaging. The proposed oximetry method is experimentally demonstrated for a lithium octa-n-butoxy naphthalocyanine (LiNc–BuO) probe using an L-band EPR spectrometer.     

色散关系和纵向耦合腔(C3)对半导体激光器的模谱行为的影响

本文从理论上探讨了色散关系的作用,引进α_e和F因数,修正了半导体激光器的光谱线宽公式,发现通过波导结构的设计不但可减小α_e因数,还可增大F因数来进一步抑制光谱线宽,用所提出的等效反射率法分析了纵向耦合腔(C³)的选模和压缩线宽的机制,指出实现单纵模窄线宽的条件。 关键词：     

Photon Counting Statistics of Thermal Light Consisting of Two Spectral Lines

The generating function for the photon counting distribution is calculated for polarized thermal light in the case that the spectral profile of the light is a superposition of two LORENTZ ian lines with the same central frequency but different halfwidth at half height. Further we present results for the moments of the counting distribution in this case and also for a frequency separation of both line-centers.     

Resolution beyond natural linewidth via flourescence in modulated beams

A new method is proposed for obtaining spectral resolution beyond the natural linewidth using excitation by a laser beam whose intensity is weakly modulated in time at a low frequency ν. Th modulated fluorescence at 2ν, is shown to posses subnatural linewidth. The resolution of two lines lying within the natural linewidth of each other is explicitly considered.     

间隔叠合式双层亚波长光栅

提出了一种应用价值较高的防伪光栅结构-间隔叠合式双层亚波长光栅,可以展宽基本光栅的光谱峰值带宽、改善光谱线形和光变效果.分析了亚波长光栅光谱峰值带宽展宽和线形改善的原理,用矢量衍射理论验证了理论分析的合理性,并对特定防伪光变设计要求的双层光栅进行了参量优化和光变特性分析.结果表明,满足同相位条件的光谱线形与基本光栅相同,带宽为基本光栅的两倍;满足反相位条件的光谱线形为准矩形,带宽大于基本光栅;亚波长光栅在传统和非传统照明条件下倾斜均能产生彩色光变效果,且传统照明情况下的光变速率较大,利用这种光变速率差可以制作各向异性光变效果.     

The frequency noise and spectral linewidth in semiconductor ring lasers

Numerical analyses for power spectral density of frequency noise (FN) and spectral linewidth in monolithic semiconductor ring laser (SRL) operating in the bistable unidirectional regime are performed in this paper. The Langevin noise sources for electric field and carrier density fluctuations are also taken into account in the frequency-domain theoretical model. The influences of several important physical parameters on the FN properties and laser linewidth are clearly demonstrated, including the injection current, linewidth enhancement factor and the particular backscattering coefficient. Due to the particular backscattering in SRLs, the calculated linewidths are relatively higher than that from the conventional Henry formula. The laser linewidth shows an exponential relationship with the backscattering strength.     

激光场线宽对四能级原子系统相干效应的影响

采用密度矩阵方程,在引入激光场线宽的条件下,计算了N型四能级原子系统中介质对探测场的吸收。结果表明:耦合场线宽的引入,消弱了四能级原子相干,对抑制吸收有增强作用,对增强吸收有抑制作用,即耦合场线宽的引入导致了退相干。控制场线宽的引入,在电磁感应透明中削弱了四能级原子相干性,降低了共振吸收,增强了光透明;在电磁感应吸收中,控制场线宽的增加使谱线中心两侧的吸收增强,削弱了谱线中心的吸收增强,从而使四能级系统的电磁感应吸收转换为电磁感应透明。     

Strong light‐matter coupling between a molecular vibrational mode in a PMMA film and a low‐loss mid‐IR microcavity

Microcavity devices exhibiting strong light‐matter coupling in the mid‐infrared spectral range offer the potential to explore exciting open physical questions pertaining to energy transfer between heat and light and can lead to a new generation of efficient wavelength tunable mid‐infrared sources of coherent light based on polariton Bose‐Einstein Condensation. Vibrational transitions of organic molecules, which often have strong absorption peaks in the infrared and considerably narrower linewidths than organic excitonic resonances, can generate polaritonic states in the mid‐infrared spectral range using microcavity devices. Here, narrow linewidth polaritonic resonances are exhibited in the mid‐infrared by coupling the carbonyl stretch vibrational transition of a polymethyl methacrylate film to the photonic resonance of a low optical‐loss mid‐infrared microcavity, which consisted of two Ge/ZnS dielectric Bragg reflectors. Rabi‐splitting of 14.3 meV is observed, with a 4.4 meV polariton linewidth at anti‐crossing. The large Rabi‐splitting relative to linewidth indicates efficient impedance‐matching between the bare vibrational and photonic states, and suggests molecular‐vibration polaritons incorporated in dielectric microcavities can be an enabling step towards realizing polariton optical switching and polariton condensation in the mid‐infrared spectral range.     

Linewidth inversion in electron resonance spectra

The electron resonance spectrum of the cation of vanadyl octaethylporphyrin exhibits an unusual linewidth variation with the outer spectral lines sharper than the inner components. This observation corresponds to an inversion of the line broadening normally observed for vanadium (IV) complexes. The linewidth inversion is found to result from the anisotropy in the vanadium hyperfine interaction and the zero-field splitting which, when coupled with the molecular rotation, provides a powerful relaxation process. It is possible to provide a quantitative account of the observed linewidth variation if the anisotropy in the g tensor for the electron on vanadium is also included in the theory.     

双光子聚合多次快速扫描机制与小线宽研究

采用自由基浓度起伏理论并考虑光镊集聚效应,理论研究了飞秒激光双光子聚合多次快速扫描的线宽问题。根据双光子光聚合过程中自由基浓度随时间变化的关系,考虑光镊力及自由扩散效应对自由基分布的影响,得到了多次快速扫描加工线宽的表达式。研究了多次扫描过程中产生自由基浓度随扫描次数的变化、双光子聚合加工不同扫描次数下加工线宽随激光功率的变化、多次扫描过程中间隔时间对于加工线宽的影响。多次扫描的线宽表达式可以直接回归至单次扫描的一般公式,且理论结果与文献中实验加工线宽相吻合,两者误差在2%。控制扫描间隔时间,减少自由基的向外扩散运动以及被树脂材料内大分子猝灭,使得活性自由基的分布更为集中,可以获得更小的加工线宽。研究结果为飞秒激光双光子更小线宽加工的研究提供了新的思路,为飞秒激光多次快速扫描加工提供了理论依据。     

1.06kW 13GHz线宽全光纤激光器

分析了高功率光纤激光器中受激布里渊散射(SBS)效应的抑制方法。研究表明,利用宽带噪声源高速相位调制展宽光谱的方法对于抑制SBS十分有效,可实现kW级用于光谱组束的数10GHz高功率光纤激光子束。通过理论计算线宽与SBS阈值的关系,并分析噪声相位调制各参数对SBS阈值提升的影响,优化了光纤激光器设计参数。通过宽带噪声高速相位调制的方法,展宽单频种子源线宽至13GHz,通过两级预放大至10 W后,使用20/400μm掺Yb光纤最终实现了中心波长1064nm、线宽13GHz、最高功率1.06kW的激光输出,光束质量M21.2,光-光转换效率86%,实验过程未观测到模式不稳定性现象。进一步扩宽噪声源频带,加大调制深度,有望实现更高功率的窄线宽光纤激光输出。     

Enhancement of spontaneous emission from the resonant modes of a photonic crystal slab single-defect cavity

Modification of the spontaneous-emission lifetime in photonic crystal single-defect resonant modes is studied with the finite-difference time domain method. We investigate spontaneous-emission enhancement from the monopole and the dipole modes of a hexagonal lattice cavity, considering the effects of the finite emitter linewidth and spectral detuning. Large spontaneous-emission enhancement of > 50 is achieved numerically from the high-quality-factor monopole mode when the emitter linewidth is comparable with the resonant-mode linewidth. However, if broad-linewidth material is used and a detuning effect is included, the dipole mode with a low quality factor and a smaller mode volume could be more advantageous for spontaneous-emission enhancement.