微波作用下2-烃基-4-喹啉酮的简便合成法

在微波作用下5-(甲硫亚烃基)丙二酸亚异丙酯可与芳胺发生加成消除反应,首先生成5-(芳胺基亚烃基)丙二酸亚异丙酯,继而进一步闭环,提供了2-烃基-4-喹啉酮的快速合成法。     

3-取代-(1H)-嘧啶[1,2-α]喹啉-1-酮和2-取代嘧啶[1,2a]苯骈咪唑-4-(10H)-酮的简便合成法

丙二酸亚异丙酯及乙烯基硫代缩酮均是重要的有机合成试剂。而新近开发的5-(双甲硫基亚甲基)丙二酸亚异丙酯(1)既具有丙二酸亚异丙酯的环状结构,又具有乙烯基硫代缩酮的结构特征,它是一种多功能新的合成试剂。其最重要的性质是它可与多种亲核试剂发生加成反     

不饱和Grignard试剂与不饱和酯的共轭加成 Ⅴ.亚烃基丙二酸亚异丙酯与乙烯型烯基溴化镁的加成

在I,II和IV报中,曾报道了乙烯型烯基溴化镁分别与亚烃基丙二酸二乙酯、亚烃基乙酰乙酸乙酯及乙烯四羧酸四乙酯的共轭加成反应.本文报道乙烯型烯基溴化镁与亚烃基丙二酸亚异丙酯(1)的加成反应.1由丙二酸亚异丙酯(2)与醛或酮进行Knoevenagel反应制得.2又称为Meldrum’s acid,即2,2-二甲基-1,3-二氧杂环己二酮-[4,6],是一种酸性较强(pK_a=4.83),易于制备,具有稳定环状结构的酯.由于其亚甲基很活泼,具有多种反应性能,因此,近年来在有机合成上引起人们较大的兴趣. 以过量乙烯型烯基溴化镁,在催化量无水CuCl存在下陷,与1进行共轭加成反应,可制得一系列新化合物——β,γ-不饱和仲烃基(或叔烃基)丙二酸亚异丙酯(3).反应式如下:     

5-单取代丙二酸亚异丙酯的简便合成法

5-单烃基取代的丙二酸亚异丙酯是重要的有机合成中间体^[1],由于它的活性亚甲基具有较强的酸性(pK_a=4.75),用卤代烃直接烃化时,往往生成5,5-双取代产物^[2,3],所以一般用间接方法合成5-单取代丙二酸亚异丙酯^[4～6],其中以丙二酸亚异丙酯与羰基化合物缩合成亚烃基丙二酸亚异丙酯,继而还原的两步法最为普遍,常用的还原方法和还原剂有催化氢化、氢化铝锂,硼氢化钠等^[6]。     

3-取代-(1H)-嘧啶[1, 2-a]喹啉-1-酮和2-取代嘧啶[1, 2a]苯骈 咪唑-4-(10H)- 酮的简便合成法

本文利用2-氨基喹啉和2-氨基苯骈咪唑作为亲核试剂,与5-(双甲硫基亚甲基)丙二酸亚异丙酯(1)、5-(甲硫基亚烃基)丙二酸亚异丙酯(3)反应,开发出3-取代-(1H)-嘧啶-[1,2-a]喹啉-1-酮(5)和2-取代嘧啶[1,2-a]苯骈咪唑-4-(10H)-酮(6)通用的简便合成法。     

5-烃基丙二酸亚异丙酯的Mannich碱与甲基酮的缩合反应

5-烃基丙二酸亚异丙酯的Mannich碱和甲基酮在弱酸如醋酸的存在下, 合成得到缩合产物5-(3-氧代烃基)丙二酸亚异丙酯(3).     

5-烃基-5-对甲苯磺酰氧基丙二酸亚异丙酯的合成

报道了利用羟基(对甲苯磺酰氧基)碘苯与5-烃基丙二酸亚异丙酯的反应合成5-烃基-5-对甲苯磺酰氧基丙二酸亚异丙酯的方法。提出了该反应的可能机理。     

微波作用下亚烃基丙二酸亚异丙酯的合成

报导了微波辐射下丙二酸亚异丙酯与羧基化合物进行了Ｋｎｏｅｖｅｎａｇｅｌ缩合反应，高产率地合成了亚烃基丙二酸亚异丙酯。     

亚烃基丙二酸亚异丙酯的共轭加成-α -烃化串联反应

亚烃基丙二酸亚异丙酯与格氏试剂的共轭加成和α-烃化串联反应提供了一种合成不对称双取代丙二酸亚异丙酯的新方法。由于不对称双取代丙二酸亚异丙酯易水解失羧和醇解失羧转化成相应的羧酸及酯,因此本法也是合成α-及β-高取代的羧酸及其酯的有效方法。     

超声波作用下芳亚甲基丙二酸亚异丙酯的合成

在超声波辐射下，以芳香醛、丙二酸亚异丙酯为原料，乙醇作溶剂，无催化剂 作用下合成了芳亚甲基丙二酸亚异丙酯。该方法操作简便，不污染环境，产率较高 ，为该类化合的合成提供了一种有效的新方法。     

Selective Michael Reaction Controlled by Supersilyl Protecting Group

Selective Michael reaction of organolithium reagents to supersilyl methacrylate is reported. The method was able to control a single and double Michael addition. The successful termination of the process using the supersilyl protecting group allows for the controlled, chemoselective, and diastereoselective Michael reaction.     

Safe cyano(nitro)methylating reagent—Michael addition of cyano-aci-nitroacetate leading to δ-functionalized α-nitronitriles

A practical, convenient, and safe cyano(nitro)methylation method was developed, in which cyano-aci-nitroacetate served as a synthetic equivalent of anionic nitroacetonitrile. A control of the single/double Michael additions was achieved, which enabled the synthesis of unsymmetrical double Michael adducts. Moreover, the Michael adducts can be used as precursors of pyridine and naphthyridine frameworks.     

3‐P⩵O‐Functionalized Phospholane 1‐Oxides by the Michael Reaction of 1‐Phenyl‐2‐phospholene 1‐Oxide and Dialkyl Phosphites,H‐Phosphinates,or Diphenylphosphine Oxide

The addition of dialkyl phosphites, H‐phosphinates, and diphenylphosphine oxide on the β carbon atom of the not too reactive double bond of 1‐phenyl‐2‐phospholene 1‐oxide was carried out in two ways. According to the first approach (A), the P‐reagents were activated by trimethylaluminum prior to the Michael addition. The second method (B) involved the microwave(MW)‐assisted solventless reaction of the P‐species with the phospholene oxide. In general, method A was more efficient and more selective than route B. However, the addition of dialkyl phosphites and diphenylphosphine oxide could also be accomplished well under MW conditions. The disadvantage of the MW‐assisted approach is that the Michael adducts are formed as a mixture of isomers. The 3‐P⩵O‐phospholane oxides are novel products, and among these, the bis(phosphine oxide) is the precursor of the bidentate P‐ligand LuPhos.     

In Situ Observation of Thiol Michael Addition to a Reversible Covalent Drug in a Crystalline Sponge

A reversible Michael addition reaction between thiol nucleophiles and cyanoenones has been previously postulated to be the mechanism‐of‐action of a new family of reversible covalent drugs. However, the hypothetical Michael adducts in this mechanism have only been detected by spectroscopic methods in solution. Herein, the crystallographic observation of reversible Michael addition with a potent cyanoenone drug candidate by means of the crystalline‐sponge method is reported. After inclusion of the cyanoenone substrate, the sponge crystal was treated with a thiol solution. Subsequent crystallographic analysis confirmed the single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal transformation of the substrate into the impermanent Michael adduct.     

Ionic liquid as catalyst and solvent: the remarkable effect of a basic ionic liquid, [bmIm]OH on Michael addition and alkylation of active methylene compounds

A basic ionic liquid, 1-methyl-3-butylimidazolium hydroxide, [bmIm]OH, catalyzes the Michael addition of active methylene compounds to conjugated ketones, carboxylic esters and nitriles. It further catalyzes the addition of thiols to α,β-acetylenic ketones and alkylation of 1,3-dicarbonyl and -dicyano compounds. The Michael addition to α,β-unsaturated ketones proceeds in the usual way, giving the monoaddition products, whereas addition to α,β-unsaturated esters and nitriles leads exclusively to the bis-addition products. The α,β-acetylenic ketones undergo double conjugate addition with thiols producing β-keto 1,3-dithio-derivatives. In the alkylation reaction the acyclic 1,3-diketones are monoalkylated, whereas cyclic ketones undergo dialkylation under identical conditions. All these reactions were carried out without any organic solvent. The ionic liquid can also be recycled.     

An efficient and scalable one-pot double Michael addition-Dieckmann condensation for the synthesis of 4,4-disubstituted cyclohexane beta-keto esters

A simple, scalable, and efficient one-pot methodology for the synthesis of 4,4-disubstituted cyclohexane beta-keto esters from benzylic nitriles or esters and methyl acrylate promoted by potassium tert-butoxide is described. The process relies on a tandem double Michael addition-Dieckmann condensation reaction, which results in the formation of three discrete carbon-carbon bonds in a single pot, including a quaternary center. The method allows for the convenient and rapid synthesis of a variety of 4-aryl-4-cyano-2-carbomethoxycyclohexanone and 4-aryl-2,4-biscarbomethoxycyclohexanone building blocks for use in natural products synthesis and medicinal chemistry.     

A highly regio- and enantioselective organocatalyzed Michael addition of malonates to nitrodienes

An organocatalyzed direct Michael addition of unsubstituted/substituted malonates, acetoacetate, or acetylacetones to conjugated nitrodienes using a cinchona alkaloid-based thiourea catalyst is disclosed. The addition products were formed in high yields and regioselectivity. The enantioselectivities of the addition products were high in most cases and could significantly be improved upon by a single recrystallization. The addition products easily undergo chemoselective nitro group reduction and subsequent lactamization with a high synthetic potential.     

手性螺-环丙烷化合物中手性辅基的区域性转换反应的研究

通过串联的不对称双Michael加成/分子内亲取代反应,一举得到了具有四个新手性中心的螺环/环丙烯类化合物(4).4在丙酮-5%HCl溶液中50℃下发生区域选择性单水解转换反应,得到螺[1-溴-4-羟基-5-氧杂-6-氧代双环[3.3.0]已-2,3'-(4'-亲核氧基-5'-孟氧基丁内酯)](5),化学产率53%～69%,光学纯度d.e≥98%.4在甲醇/TsOH催化下,实现了区域选择性单醇解转换反应,得到螺[1-溴-4-甲氧基-5-氧杂-6-氧代双环[3.1.0]已烷-2,3'-(4'-亲核氧基-5'-孟氧基丁内酯)](6),化学产率50%～78%,光学纯度d.e.≥98%.经元素分析,[α]D^20,UV,IR,1^HNMR,13^CNMR,MS以及X射线四圆衍射测定,确认了它们的化学结构。     

Copper(II)-catalyzed enantioselective conjugate addition of nitro esters to 2-enoyl-pyridine N-oxides

A highly enantioselective Michael addition of nitro esters to 2-enoyl-pyridine N-oxides was developed by using chiral copper catalysts. The Michael addition products can be obtained in high yields and with up to 96% ee.     

Copper-catalyzed asymmetric tandem double Michael reactions of diethylzinc to α,β-unsaturated ketones followed by trapping with nitroolefins

A copper catalyzed asymmetric tandem double Michael addition of diethylzinc to α,β-unsaturated ketones followed by trapping with nitroolefins has been developed using chiral P,N-ligands. The tandem products were obtained in good yields and excellent enantioselectivities with three contiguous stereocenters.