基于超材料的中波红外宽带偏振转换研究

基于硅纳米块阵列和亚波长金属光栅,硅纳米块长轴与金属光栅夹角为45°,本文设计了一种高效、宽带偏振转换结构.模拟计算表明该结构实现了线偏振光90°旋转,在3.4—4.5μm波段偏振转换率大于60%,在3—5μm光谱范围内的转换对比率大于10~4.由于该结构光学性能优异,制备难度低,可以应用于光传输控制.     

Subwavelength gratings fabricated on semiconductor substrates via E-beam lithography and lift-off method

We present results of the fabrication and measurements on reflective polarizers consisting of stacked bi-layer subwavelength metal gratings prepared on GaAs (100) substrates. These linear gratings were fabricated using electron-beam direct-writing lithography and the lift-off method with periods less than the wavelength of light used for measurements. At normal incidence, the polarizer reflects the light polarized perpendicular to the grating lines (transverse magnetic polarization, TM polarized) but absorbs parallel-polarized light (transverse electric polarization, TE polarized). By optimizing structural parameters, the polarization extinction ratio close to 20 has been experimentally achieved at wavelength of 650 nm.     

亚波长光栅的偏振闪耀特性

 使用琼斯矩阵的方法推导了连续结构亚波长光栅的衍射方程,给出了光栅衍射效率表达式,对偏振特性与衍射特性进行了研究。发现连续结构亚波长光栅仅存在３个衍射级,总衍射效率为100%,且衍射效率可在衍射级间任意分配,0级的偏振态与入射光的偏振态相同,±1级衍射光偏振态与入射光无关,－1级为左旋圆偏振光,＋1级为右旋圆偏振光。通过设置入射光偏振态与光栅相位延迟等参数,可使光栅具有闪耀特性,据此可用于设计高效偏振光分束器和偏振光开关。     

Broadband Terahertz Polarization Converter and Asymmetric Transmission Based on Coupled Dielectric‐Metal Grating

Coupled dielectric‐metal gratings are investigated for broadband terahertz (THz) wave polarization conversion and asymmetric transmission by the experiments and numerical simulations, which are composed of the subwavelength Si grating and metallic wire grating layers. The dielectric grating layer with a large artificial birefringence and low dispersion is employed as a phase engineered waveplate, and the metal wire grating arranged with a 45° angle to the dielectric grating is utilized as a high‐efficiency polarizer. Due to the subwavelength integration, this coupled grating presents a local resonance coupling mechanism between dielectric and metal gratings, which greatly enhances the polarization rotation and expands the bandwidth, not a simple combination with dielectric and metallic gratings. The results demonstrate that a broadband asymmetric transmission with an extinction ratio of 30dB from 0.2 to 1.2 THz is achieved and the highest transmission of 90% can be obtained. It provides a simple way towards practical applications for THz artificial dispersion materials, polarization control and asymmetric transmission.     

偏振敏感材料中具有圆各向异性的偏振全息光栅

在向列相液晶中掺杂质量分数约0.2%的偶氮侧链型聚合物制成偏振敏感材料,使用正交圆偏振光记录了具有圆各向异性的一维偏振全息光栅,用线偏振光探测偏振全息光栅,得到正,负一级衍射光也为线偏振光,且偏振态与探测光和零级偏振态相互正交,可以运用琼斯矩阵理论加以解释.偏振全息光栅可由外加电场控制衍射级的变化,即在外加电场作用下,正、负一级衍射产生了90°的相位差.在频率6.05 Hz、电压2.2 V的外场作用下,衍射级的极值振荡变化.     

用于彩色液晶显示器的色分离光栅的优化设计

利用光栅实现液晶显示器中的色分离可以提高液晶显示器对光能的利用率。为了提高光能利用率,对光栅台阶数进行了优化设计,经矢量衍射理论计算,优化后的多台阶色分离光栅的能量利用率达到了65.3%,与采用滤色片的方法相比,光能利用率提高了近一倍;与三台阶相比,光能利用率提高了9.3%。     

用多级台阶量化相位光栅分离偏振光

构造了三角形轮廓多级台阶量化相位光栅模型,用傅里叶光学方法详细推导了光栅衍射场强的解析表达式。分析了这种光栅对偏振光的分离和聚焦特性,并优化设计了两个光栅。数值模拟和分析表明,模型光栅能够将o光和e光分离任意距离,并分别在指定的方向上聚焦。计算结果显示,取8～16个量化级就可以得到较大的衍射效率,两偏振光的能量比较均衡,偏振性能较好;量化级数的进一步增加只是衍射效率有所增加,并不能提高偏振性能。     

Numerical Evaluation of Polarization-Selective Characteristics of a Binary Relief Grating with Subwavelength Structures

The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is applied to the numerical evaluation of diffraction from a binary relief grating with subwavelength structures. It is demonstrated numerically that the binary relief grating made of isotropic materials works as a polarization selective optical device. It is further shown that the polarization effects depend on the arrangements of subwavelength structures.     

Comparison of resonances and spectral properties for microstructures incorporating singular layered metal dielectric subwavelength grating with different profiles

A multilayered structure incorporating a single metal-dielectric subwavelength grating is a structure with characteristic of polarization separation for visible light, enabling creating visible color aspect. Based on that, two specific structures separately with grating layers of rectangular and sinusoidal refractive index profiles are designed and their related resonant behaviors and spectral properties are compared respectively for s and p polarized incident lights. The impacts of structural parameters of the structures together with dielectric materials on their resonances and spectra in reflection are studied in detailed. Similarities of resonant behaviors, reflection spectra and variations in resonant locations and spectral profiles between both structures are also demonstrated for both polarizations, especially for s polarized light. Due to such similarities and convenience in fabrication, the structure with a sinusoidal grating can replace that with a rectangular grating in mass production for color-based various applications such as color security, image reproduction.     

Calculation of Diffraction Characteristics of Sub wavelength Conducting Gratings Using a High Accuracy Nonstandard Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method

Gratings with subwavelength groove depth and period are frequently used in optics for various purposes. The polarization dependent diffraction characteristics of subwavelength (high frequency) gratings can only be calculated by solving Maxwell’s equations of electromagnetism. In this paper, we calculate the classical diffraction characteristics of subwavelength conducting gratings numerically, using a new high accuracy version of nonstandard finite-difference time-domain (NS-FDTD) algorithm. For the purpose of analysis, we employ a gold sinusoidal grating with light incident at a large angle. We have compared high accuracy NS-FDTD simulation results with those obtained from standard finite-difference time-domain (S-FDTD), and the finite element method (FEM) simulations.     

偶氮液晶聚合物薄膜的二维偏振全息记录

利用偏振全息记录的方法在一种含偶氮侧链的液晶聚合物薄膜中写入了二维偏振光栅.实验采用两束正交偏振的532 nm线偏光作为写入光,在样品同一点上分别记录了相互垂直的两个一维偏振光栅,继而对所构成的二维偏振光栅的特性进行了研究.实验结果表明：二维光栅的衍射效率比一维光栅低,其偏振特性是两个一维光栅元特性的叠加;二维光栅衍射效率对入射光偏振态的依赖性和光栅的偏振转换性质来源于材料中线双折射和圆双折射的共同作用. 关键词： 偏振全息 二维光栅 偶氮液晶聚合物     

亚波长金属偏振分束光栅设计分析

结合有效介质理论和薄膜光学的抗反射设计方法,设计了基于0.65μm工作波长的亚波长金属偏振分束光栅,给出了光栅的优化设计参数,采用严格耦合波理论分析了光栅的偏振分束特性.结果表明,亚波长金属光栅对TE偏振表现为金属膜特性,具有高反射,对TM偏振表现为介质膜特性,具有高透射,在-30°<θ<30°的大入射角范围和0.47μm<λ<0.80μm的宽入射波谱内,该光栅的透射光和反射光均具有高偏振消光比和低插入损耗的特点. 关键词： 亚波长金属偏振分束光栅 有效介质理论 薄膜光学 严格耦合波理论     

偶氮苯聚合物全息光栅衍射效率和偏振特性研究

研究了不同偏振全息模式下基于交联偶氮苯聚合物薄膜的相位光栅的形成机理、衍射效率和偏振特性.利用琼斯矢量表征了正交线偏振(SP)和半行线偏振(SS)干涉模式下的偏振干涉场.基于SP和SS两种模式,制作了无明显表成起伏的纯折射率光栅和有表面起伏的浮雕光栅.偏光显微镜(POM)观测说明纯折射率光栅具有周期性的折射率分布;近场光学显微镜(SNOM)探测说明纯折射率光栅和浮雕光栅的表而起伏在5 nm以下和 85.23 nm.实验表明.当探测光为水平偏振时,纯折射率光栅的衍射效率达到22.2%.浮雕光栅只能达到1.65%.纯折射率光栅的0、 1级衍射光分别为水平和竖直线偏振光,偏振度达到0.9969和0.9963;浮雕光栅的0, 1级衍射光均为水平线偏振光.     

Ce:KNSBN晶体衍射特性研究

在非同时读出条件下测量了Ce:KNSNB晶体两波耦合体光栅衍射效率随写入光强比、写入光偏振态和写入光夹角的变化关系,并与同时读出条件下衍射效率变化规律的测量结果进行了比较,发现二者基本一致.利用耦合波理论对实验结果进行了理论分析和拟合,拟合结果和实验数据较好的吻合.     

Azodye Gelatin Films for Polarization Holographic Recording

Mordant pure yellow azodye in a matrix of gelatin is proposed as a medium for stable polarization recording. Relatively high values of birefringence are measured (over #x0394;n = 0.02). Polarization diffraction gratings are recorded with two circularly polarized waves and diffraction efficiency of 67#x0025; is achieved at 633 nm. Protected from the humidity, the recording is stable. Long-term radiation by a 633 nm probe beam is harmless as well. Unusual behaviour is observed when acting on the recorded grating alternatively with one of the recording beams. The left circularly polarized beam erases the grating sharply, while the right circularly polarized beam, before erasure, initially increases the diffraction efficiency.This paper was originally presented at the 2001 International Conference (2nd Joint OSJ-SPIE Conference) on Optical Engineering for Sensing and Nanotechnology, ICOSN 2001 which was held June 6-8, 2001 at the Pacifico-Yokohama Conference Center, Yokohama, Japan.     

线偏光闪耀反射光栅衍射特性研究

通过数值方法对线偏光在Littrow装置中的理想导体闪耀光栅的偏振特性进行研究.用时域有限差分程序计算出任意偏振方向线偏光经过闪耀光栅衍射后的电磁场分布,提取衍射波的S偏振和P偏振分量,讨论了与光栅闪耀角和入射光波偏振角的关系.分析了在1530～1570nm光谱范围内,入射光波为线偏振波和园偏振波时,衍射光波的偏振色散特性与光栅闪耀角的关系,并给出了存在偏振色散的光栅闪耀角范围.这些分析和结果对工程设计具有一定的指导意义.     

亚波长消反射光栅

为了降低消反射光栅的偏振敏感性，将等效介质理论推广到二维亚波长结构，对一种特定的矩形柱状结构进行了分析。构造了一种分析方法，然后利用光栅结构的有关表达式得到这种二维结构的近似等效系数。并设计了适用于10．6μm红外波段的二维亚波长消反射光栅，用二元光学的制作工艺在si衬底上进行了实验制备。测试结果表明：对中心波长为10．6μm的红外光，这种光栅象单层消反射膜一样，具有很好的增透效果。     

部分偏振部分相干光光栅衍射场的偏振特性和角相关研究

为了研究部分偏振部分相干光光栅衍射场的衍射特性.利用部分偏振部分相干光的光束相干-偏振(BCP)矩阵,推导出了部分偏振部分相干光通过任意偏振光栅后,衍射场的偏振度及场中衍射级次角相关的一般解析表达式.以部分偏振的高斯-谢尔模型光束(PGSM)为例,数值分析了偏振光栅TE和TM波的复振幅透过率、入射光束的光学参量对衍射场偏振度和场中各衍射级次的角相关的影响.计算结果表明,部分相干光透过偏振光栅后的其衍射光场是一非均匀、周期变化的部分偏振相干光场;场中对称级次的角相干值对应相等,且随衍射级次序数的增大而缓慢递减至零.     

位相光栅色散特性的矢量衍射理论分析

在矢量衍射理论基础上给出了适用于任意斜入射下位相光栅反射区和透射区的广义光栅方程和广义色散公式，对位相光栅色散能力做了理论和数值分析，考察了入射角、入射方位角、入射波长、光栅周期、衍射区域介质折射率和衍射级次等六个物理量之间的相互制约关系，确立了光栅约束不等式，指出了提高光栅色散的所有可能的途径. 关键词： 位相光栅 色散特性 矢量衍射理论     

基于双光栅成像的RGB模型色彩还原效果的研究

基于双光栅衍射成像的实验方案,利用双光栅的色散和汇合光谱效应特性,用电脑摄像头拍摄作为物体的RGB模型,得到了RGB颜色模型的像。利用Photo shop软件将RGB颜色模型和得到的像进行颜色通道分离,再进行数据化分析处理,探究双光栅的RGB色彩模型色彩还原情况以及不同光栅组合对RGB颜色模型的色彩还原效果的影响。