溶剂对反胶束法合成CdS纳米粒子粒径的影响

以磺基琥珀酸二辛酯钠盐(AOT)为保护剂,利用反胶束法在不同烷烃溶液中合成了CdS纳米粒子.采用紫外-可见光谱、透射电子显微镜、荧光光谱法对其进行表征.研究表明:在不同烷烃溶液中合成的CdS纳米粒子,其粒子大小和荧光强度都随溶剂而改变.     

树状大分子保护的CdS纳米粒子的合成与表征

以聚酰胺-胺型树状大分子（PAMAM）为保护剂,在水溶液中制备了不同粒径的CdS纳米粒子,分别考察了PAMAM的代数以及保护剂与CdS物质的量比对CdS纳米粒子大小及荧光性能的影响.利用紫外-可见光谱、荧光光谱、透射电子显微镜对其光学性能和结构进行了表征.     

纳米CdS/聚乙烯咔唑(PVK)复合材料制备与表征

采用反相微乳法在庚烷/琥珀酸二异辛酯磺酸钠(AOT)/水体系中成功制备出纳米CdS/聚乙烯咔唑(PVK)复合材料。通过紫外-可见光谱(UV-Vis)、X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、荧光光谱(PL)对复合材料进行了结构表征和形貌观察。结果表明,UV-Vis光谱吸收峰在325 nm和360 nm,表现出纳米粒子明显的量子尺寸效应;TEM照片显示纳米CdS粒径分布较窄,均匀分散在PVK中。XRD分析表明,CdS纳米颗粒已经形成。PL结果显示:产物的荧光发射光谱峰波长在375 nm和520 nm。     

用硫脲分子表面修饰的CdS纳米粒子的合成和表征

报道了用硫脲分子进行表面化学修饰的CdS纳米粒子的合成方法,并引入了AOT(磺基琥珀酸双-2-乙基己基酯钠盐)作为平衡反离子,进一步对CdS表面作了修饰,增加了CdS纳米粒子在有机溶剂中的稳定性和可分散性。我们还探讨了温度、浓度、pH等因素对合成的影响,并通过TEM、XRD、FT-IR等手段对产物结构进行了表征。所得微粒粒径为5 nm左右,呈球形,硫脲分子与CdS纳米粒子富Cd²⁺表面通过形成Cd-S配位键而修饰在粒子表面。这种表面修饰的CdS纳米粒子将在非线性光学及自组装方面具有优     

Q-CdS/聚合物纳米复合膜的制备与荧光性能

采用配位化学合成原理 ,分离制备出颗粒尺寸小于 10nm的单分散性的Q态CdS(Q CdS)纳米粒子 ,将Q CdS纳米粒子与聚合物复合成膜 ,制备出一系列Q CdS 聚合物纳米复合膜 .用紫外可见吸收光谱与透射电镜研究了纳米复合膜的量子尺寸效应和分散性 .通过荧光光谱探讨了不同聚合物基体材料和不同Q CdS含量的纳米复合膜的荧光发光性能 .结果表明 ,一方面这种以聚合物为基体的纳米复合膜 ,由于聚合物与Q CdS之间的相互作用 ,使纳米复合膜表现出与单一相组分完全不同的特征荧光发射峰 ;另一方面 ,随着纳米复合膜中Q CdS含量的不断增大 ,纳米复合膜的荧光强度不断增强 ,在一定浓度时达到最大值 .     

甲苯-乙二醇两相界面反应合成CdS纳米粒子

以十八胺为表面修饰剂,硬脂酸镉和硫脲为前驱物,在甲苯-乙二醇两相界面处合成了CdS纳米粒子.研究了反应时间、前驱物浓度、前驱物和表面修饰剂摩尔比等因素对合成CdS纳米粒子的影响.采用紫外-可见吸收光谱、荧光光谱、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和广角X射线衍射(WAXD)等方法对CdS纳米粒子的光学性质、形貌及晶体结构进行了表...     

憎水性三金属纳米粒子的合成、表征及磁性

以磺基琥珀酸二辛酯钠盐(AOT)为表面活性剂,采用反胶束法合成了憎水性CoFe/Au纳米粒子, 利用配体交换、水洗等去除AOT并使纳米粒子分级.采用紫外-可见光谱(UV-Vis)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线电子能量散射(EDX)及等离子发射光谱 (ICP)等对产物进行了表征,通过超导量子干涉仪(SQIUD)研究了纳米粒子的磁性质.结果表明,反胶束法合成的CoFe/Au三金属纳米粒子具有较好的单分散性和稳定性,平均粒径约为4 nm.当外磁场强度为1.5×10⁴ A/m时,阻塞温度T_b为65 K,温度高于T_b时纳米粒子显示出超顺磁性,低于T_b时呈铁磁性,在5 K时其矫顽力(Hc)达4.67×10⁴ A/m.     

超声驱动制备Au/CdS催化剂及其高效光催化产氢北大核心CSCD

以HAuCl_(4)为前驱体,采用一种简单、快速的超声驱动法,在甲醇溶液中形成Au纳米粒子并沉积在CdS基底上合成Au/CdS,用于光催化分解水产氢.结果表明:当沉积Au的含量达到1.0%(质量分数)时,Au/CdS的产氢活性显著增强,可达到6.7 mmol·g^(-1) ·h^(-1) ,是纯CdS的21.6倍.超声驱动可在甲醇溶液中有效将前驱体(HAuCl_(4))中的Au3+还原为Au纳米粒子,并与CdS表面紧密作用,提高了光生电荷的分离效率,实现了高效光催化产氢.有关结果为快速、有效制备光催化产氢性能较好的金属/半导体催化剂提供了新的方法.     

普鲁士蓝/CdS纳米复合物电致化学发光及其H2O2传感应用

通过一定体积比的CdS和普鲁士蓝(PB)胶体纳米溶液的简单混合,制备了PB/CdS纳米复合物。在共反应剂存在条件下,PB纳米粒子含量较低时,在ITO电极上CdS纳晶的电致化学发光(ECL)强度可以增强3倍左右。PB纳米粒子含量较高时,CdS纳晶的ECL强度则显著降低。详细讨论了PB纳米粒子对CdS纳晶ECL影响的机理。PB纳米粒子对CdS纳晶的ECL增强可用于H2O2传感。该传感器对H2O2响应的线性范围为3.3×10-8～6.5×10-3 mol.L-1(R=0.999 2),检测限为12 nmol.L-1(S/N=3),传感器具有良好的稳定性和重现性。     

溶剂热法合成CdS纳米晶及其光学性质研究

以硫脲和醋酸镉为原料,采用溶剂热法在不同的反应介质和温度下合成了CdS纳米晶,比较了单胺与双胺对合成CdS纳米晶形貌的影响。采用透射电镜(TEM)、X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)和荧光分光光度计(PL)对合成的CdS纳米晶结构和光学性能进行表征。结果表明:反应温度和反应介质对其形貌有影响,在双胺的条件下,60℃时合成了纯相的六方相CdS纳米棒;双胺条件下更易生成纳米棒,且高温下晶体的结晶性更好。PL分析表明,水(溶剂)热法制备的CdS的荧光光谱图与大多数CdS类似,均在440~480 nm和550 nm处存在发射峰,但较宽的发射峰蓝移说明材料的光学性质受到材料形貌和制备方法的影响。     

Synthesis,Separation, and Characterization of Au@CdS Nanoparticles

The mixture of Au@CdS and CdS nanoparticles were obtained by reversed micelles method. n-Dodecanethiol was used to replace dioctylsulfosuccinate sodium salt (AOT) as a protector, and the surfactant AOT was washed away by water. By adding enthanol of different quantity, the polarity of dispersed medium was regulated and the solubility of Au@CdS and CdS nanoparticles in dispersed medium was adjusted. Consequently, the Au@CdS and CdS nanoparticles were separated effectively. Ultraviolet absorption spectra, transmission electronic microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and fluorescence spectra were used to characterize Au@CdS nanoparticles.     

Size-dependent carrier dynamics in CdS nanoparticles by femtosecond visible-pump/IR-probe measurements

Ultrafast photoexcited carrier dynamics in CdS nanoparticles prepared by an AOT/n-heptane reversed micelle system were investigated by a femtosecond visible-pump/mid-IR probe technique. A mid-IR probe beam was found to mainly probe the ultrafast dynamics of photoexcited electrons in the conduction band. Dispersions of CdS nanoparticles with 8 different mean diameters from 2.9 to 4.1 nm were prepared by tuning the mole ratio between water and AOT (W = [H(2)O]/[AOT]) in the reversed micelle systems. The excited state lifetime strongly depended on the mean size of CdS nanoparticles with a maximum around a mean diameter of 3.5 nm. This result was explained by considering the balance between the carrier recombination rates via surface states and those via interior states. The relationship between the excited state lifetime and the size of CdS nanoparticles was drastically changed when the surface was terminated by thiol molecules.     

Preparation of CdS nanoparticles by hydrothermal method in microemulsion

CdS nanoparticles with good crystallinity were prepared by hydrothermal method in microemulsion composed of polyoxyethylene laurylether/water/cyclohexane/butanol. The structure and the size of the CdS nanoparticles were analyzed by TEM and XRD. The UV-Vis optical absorption of the samples was also investigated. The results show that hydrothermal treatment is an effective method to prepare CdS nanoparticles of hexagonal structure at lower temperature. The particles were in dimensional uniformity. The diameter of the CdS nanoparticles decreased with the increase of the molar ratio of water to surfactant. The minimum diameter of the CdS nanoparticles prepared in this work was about 10 nm. Obvious blue shift appeared in the UV-Vis absorption spectra. Translated from Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2006, 22(5): (in Chinese)     

CdS纳米粒子的表面修饰及其对光学性质的影响

用反胶束法合成了用表面活性剂分子磺基焉珀酸双－２－乙基已酯钠盐（ＡＯＴ）进行表面修饰的ＣｄＳ纳米粒子（记为ＣｄＳ／ＡＯＴ－ＳＯ３＾－）,研究了这种纳米粒子在正庚烷（ｈｅｐｔａｅ）和吡啶（Ｐｙ）溶剂中的荧肖及光解行为,发现其在正庚烷中荧光很强,而Ｐｙ却强烈地猝灭ＣｄＳ纳一子的荧光,用电荷转移猝灭机制进行了解释,这种解释为ＣｄＳ纳米粒子在Ｐｙ中光解实验进一步证实。     

Synthesis,characterization and stability of multicore-shell CdS-SiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> nanoparticles

Multicore-shell CdS-Si0₂ nanoparticles were synthesized in AOT/heptane/H₂O reverse micelles at room temperature. CdS-SiO₂ nanoparticles were characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, TEM, and SEM methods. The results show that multicore-shell composites were formed. Fluorescence properties of composites were also investigated; the data imply that fluorescence properties of the silica-coated CdS nanoparticles were significantly improved when compared to those of the non-coated CdS nanoparticles. The stability of multicore-shell CdS-SiO₂ nanoparticles upon the UV irradiation was higher than that of non-coated CdS nanoparticles.     

The CdS nanoparticle with capped surface and its nonlinear optical properties studied by hyper-Rayleigh scattering

The CdS nanoparticles synthesized in AOT (bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate, disodium salt) reverse micelle in addition of the electric neutral surface-capping agent of pyridine are characterized by XPS, TEM and the absorption spectra. The values of the first-order hyperpolarizability β for two kinds of nanoparticles, CdS/AOT^- and CdS/pyridine/AOT^-, have been experimentally measured in solution by the newly developed hyper-Rayleigh scattering technique. The values of β are larger than 10^-27 esu, which are among the largest values reported for solution species.     

DSC spectra as thermal fingerprints of percolative microemulsions

Three component percolative W/O microemulsions were studied by differential scanning calorimetry. Water-AOT-Decane, D₂O-AOT-Decane, Water-AOT-Isooctane and Water-Ca(AOT)₂-Decane systems were analyzed. Thus by changing, in the order, the dispersed phase, the dispersing medium, and by modifying the interphase region. The thermal history of the samples was monitored by a suitable thermal program. Following the latter, first order phase transitions associated with the freezing and/or melting of the two massive phases were obtained, as well as the higher order phase transition associated with the percolation process. From the melting spectra an estimate of the amount of water bound to the hydrophilic groups of the AOT as well as of that of oil bound to the hydrophobic surfactant tails was obtained. The latter result shows a difference in the behaviour of the continuous oily phase at the O/W interphase. From the freezing spectra, the percolative character of the microemulsion was evidenced by the exotherms associated with the freezing of the water phase. This work was supported by M.U.R.S. T. and I.N.F.M.     

Novel one-step route for synthesizing CdS/polystyrene nanocomposite hollow spheres

CdS/polystyrene nanocomposite hollow spheres with diameters between 240 and 500 nm were synthesized under ambient conditions by a novel microemulsion method in which the polymerization of styrene and the formation of CdS nanoparticles were initiated by gamma-irradiation. The product was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), which show the walls of the hollow spheres are porous and composed of polystyrene containing homogeneously dispersed CdS nanoparticles. The quantum-confined effect of the CdS/polystyrene nanocomposite hollow spheres is confirmed by the ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) and photoluminescent (PL) spectra. We propose that the walls of these nanocomposite hollow spheres originate from the simultaneous synthesis of polystyrene and CdS nanoparticles at the interface of microemulsion droplets. This novel method is expected to produce various inorganic/polymer nanocomposite hollow spheres with potential applications in the fields of materials science and biotechnology.     

Photorecovery of nanoparticles from an organic solvent

Commercial silica nanoparticles were dispersed in toluene, stabilized by a mixture of sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate (AOT) and a photolyzable anionic surfactant sodium hexylphenylazosulfonate (C6PAS). Selective photolysis of the interfacial C6PAS component induces colloid instability, resulting in flocculation and eventual phase separation of the silica nanoparticles. UV-vis spectroscopy was used to follow the photochemical breakdown of C6PAS; diffusion coefficient measurements by dynamic light scattering were employed to monitor the photoinduced flocculation; and silica contents in the toluene, before and after UV light irradiation, were determined gravimetrically. The results show that light can be used to trigger separation and recovery of nanoparticles stabilized by photolabile interfacial layers.