La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.8Mg0.2O2.8的电化学性质及其在SOFC中的应用

采用凝胶浇注法制备具有较高氧离子电导率的固体电解质La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.8Mg0.2O2.8粉料.X射线衍射结果表明,于1400℃焙烧后即形成了钙钛矿结构,无杂相存在.探讨了粉料压制坯体的致密化和导电性能在1450℃下与烧结时间的关系,发现烧结时间为18h时其相对密度达98.3%,而在24h的情况下,样品具有最佳的氧离子导电性.采用Ni-Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9作为阳极,La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.6Ni0.4O2.7作为阴极,组装了平板型固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC).阳极和阴极分别通入含3%H2O的氢气和空气,750℃时的开路电压为1.04V,最大输出功率密度(P)达252mW/cm2(U=0.48V,J=525mA/cm2).     

高性能Sm0.5Sr0.5CoO3阴极的制备与表征

用固相合成法合成了Sm0.5Sr0.5CoO3 (SSC)中温固体氧化物燃料电池阴极材料.以La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.8Mg0.2O3为电解质,利用多种技术考察了不同温度(1173～1373 K)焙烧的SSC阴极,以及1173 K 焙烧、掺杂La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.8Mg0.15Co0.05O3(LSGMC5)或La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.8Mg0.09Co0.11O3 (LSGMC11)高氧离子电导材料的复合SSC阴极.SEM的结果显示,随着电极焙烧温度的增加,电极的颗粒度增大,孔隙度减小；LSGMC5、LSGMC11的掺杂对电极微观结构影响不大.交流阻抗和极化实验的结果表明,SSC电极的活性随电极焙烧温度的增加而减小,电极的最佳焙烧温度在1173 K左右；掺杂了LSGMC5或LSGMC11的复合SSC电极的活性以及稳定性显著高于SSC电极.     

无气相氧条件下La0.8Sr0.2Fe0.9Co0.1O3钙钛矿氧化物的氧物种直接氧化甲烷

以La0.8Sr0.2Fe0.9CO0.1O3钙钛矿氧化物作氧载体,采用连续流动反应和连续顺序Redox反应考察了氧物种氧化甲烷的反应性能.结果表明,连续流动反应中La0.8Sr0.2Fe0.9CO0.1O3氧化物的氧物种能选择氧化甲烷生成合成气.在适宜的再氧化条件下,通过连续顺序Redox反应实现了La0.8Sr0.2Fe0.9CO0.1O3氧化物的氧物种氧化甲烷连续生成合成气,消耗的氧物种可通过与气相氧反应而得到补充.但随着Redox反应的进行,氧化物的持续供氧性能下降,钙钛矿结构被破坏.     

纳米La0.8A’0.2Mn1-xCuxO3（A’=Ce and/or Sr）的制备、表征及其高效催化NO+CO的性能研究

采用柠檬酸-溶胶凝胶法制得钙钛矿型复合氧化物La0.8Ce0.2Mn1-xCuxO3(x=0.2,0.3,0.4),La0.8Sr0.2Mn0.6Cu0.4O3,La0.8Ce0.1Sr0.1Mn0.6 Cu0.4 O3,并采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、比表面积(BET)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对其进行表征,测试了复合氧化物对CO+NO的催化活性。结果表明:La0.8Ce0.1Sr0.1Mn0.6Cu0.4O3催化活性最好,150℃时CO转化率91.8%,300℃时NO转化率100%;对于La0.8Ce0.2Mn1-xCuxO3(x=0.2,0.3,0.4),比表面积和颗粒的大小及分散度是影响催化活性的主要因素;对于La0.8Ce0.2Mn0.6Cu0.4O3,La0.8 Sr0.2 Mn0.6 Cu0.4 O3,La0.8 Ce0.1 Sr0.1 Mn0.6 Cu0.4 O3,催化剂的组成是影响催化活性的关键因素。     

La 0.9 M 0.1 Ga 0.8 Mg 0.2 O 3 -α的中温质子导电性及其在常压合成氨中的应用

采用水热沉淀法制备了La0.9M0.1Ga0.8Mg0.2O3-α (M＝Ca2＋, Sr2＋, Ba2＋)陶瓷样品的前驱体, 沉淀剂来自尿素在水热条件下的水解产物. 前驱体经煅烧和烧结后得到陶瓷样品. XRD显示样品具有单一的斜方晶LaGaO3钙钛矿结构. 同位素效应和氢的电化学透过(氢泵)实验证明陶瓷样品具有质子导电性. 用AC阻抗谱法测定了样品在300～600 ℃、氢气气氛中的质子电导率, 其大小取决于La位掺杂的碱土金属离子: σ(M＝Sr2＋)＞σ(M＝Ba2＋)＞σ(M＝Ca2＋). 以La0.9M0.1Ga0.8Mg0.2O3-α为固体电解质进行了常压合成氨, 最佳合成温度为520 ℃. 当施加的电流密度为1 mA•cm－2、合成温度为520 ℃时, 氨产率分别为: 1.63×10–9 mol•s－1•cm－2 (M＝Ca2＋), 2.53×10－9 mol•s－1•cm－2 (M＝Sr2＋)和2.04× 10－9 mol•s－1•cm－2 (M＝Ba2＋).     

La0.9M0.1Ga0.8Mg0.2O3-α的中温质子导电性及其在常压合成氨中的应用

采用水热沉淀法制备了La0.9M0.1Ga0.8 Mg0.2O3-a(M=Ca2+,Sr2+,Ba2+)陶瓷样品的前驱体,沉淀剂来自尿素在水热条件下的水解产物.前驱体经煅烧和烧结后得到陶瓷样品.XRD显示样品具有单一的斜方晶LaGaO3钙钛矿结构.同位素效应和氢的电化学透过(氢泵)实验证明陶瓷样品具有质子导电性.用AC阻抗谱法测定了样品在300~600℃、氢气气氛中的质子电导率,其人小取决于La位掺杂的碱土金属离子:σ(M=Sr2+)>σ(M=Ba2+)>σ(M=Ca2+).以La0.9M0.1Ga0.8Mg0.2O3-a为固体电解质进行了常压合成氨,最佳合成温度为520℃.当施加的电流密度为1mA-cm-2、合成温度为520℃时,氨产率分别为:1.63X 10-9 mol·s-1cm-2(M=Ca2+),2.53X 10-9 mol·s-1·cm-2(M=Sr2+)和2.04X10-9mol·s-1,cm-2(M=Ba2+).     

Sm0.5Sr0.5CoO3阴极氧还原动力学

利用极化、交流阻抗技术考察了担载于La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.8Mg0.2O3(LSGM)电解质上的Sm0.5Sr0.5CoO3- La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.8Mg0.15Co0.05O3(SSC-LSGMC5)复合阴极的氧还原反应动力学.在SSC-LSGMC5阴极氧还原反应的阻抗谱中可以观察到明显的两个半圆.高频环的电导与氧分压无关,低频环的电导正比于氧分压的0.5次方.并且低频环的氧分压级数随着反应温度的降低而减小,可能对应于吸附氧原子的扩散过程. SSC-LSGMC5极化曲线与经典的Butler-Volmer方程吻合.阴、阳极的电荷转移系数均为1左右,交换电流密度的氧分压级数为1/4,对应于电荷转移过程. 实验结果显示SSC-LSGMC5上的氧还原反应机制随反应条件的不同而发生变化.     

Sm_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)CoO_3阴极氧还原动力学

利用极化、交流阻抗技术考察了担载于La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.8Mg0.2O3(LSGM)电解质上的Sm0.5Sr0.5CoO3-La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.8Mg0.15Co0.05O3(SSC-LSGMC5)复合阴极的氧还原反应动力学.在SSC-LSGMC5阴极氧还原反应的阻抗谱中可以观察到明显的两个半圆.高频环的电导与氧分压无关,低频环的电导正比于氧分压的0.5次方.并且低频环的氧分压级数随着反应温度的降低而减小,可能对应于吸附氧原子的扩散过程.SSC-LSGMC5极化曲线与经典的Butler-Volmer方程吻合.阴、阳极的电荷转移系数均为1左右,交换电流密度的氧分压级数为1/4,对应于电荷转移过程.实验结果显示SSC-LSGMC5上的氧还原反应机制随反应条件的不同而发生变化.     

高性能镓酸镧基电解质燃料电池

制备并用多种电化学方法研究了LaGaO3基高性能中温固体氧化物燃料电池的电极和电解质材料，组装出了高性能单电池.实验发现， Co掺杂的La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.8Mg0.2O3电解质中， Co含量的增加显著提高了电解质的氧离子电导率，电解质的氧迁移数略有减小，是非常好的中、低温燃料电池电解质.钴掺杂的电解质不仅显著减小了电池的欧姆电阻，而且减小了电池的阴、阳极极化过电位.以La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.8Mg0.11Co0.09O3为电解质时电池在1073、973、873 K下的最大输出功率密度分别达到1.77、0.92、0.41 W•cm－2，是非常有前景的电池体系.     

钐锶钴阴极/镧锶镓镁电解质界面的元素扩散

采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜及电化学方法考察了固体氧化物燃料电池钐锶钴(Sm0.5Sr0.5CoO3-δ,SSC)阴极烧结温度和时间对镧锶镓镁(La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.8Mg0.2O3-δLSGM)电解质的导电行为和电解质/阴极界面电化学性质的影响.结果表明,当SSC阴极的烧结温度由1173 K升高到1323 K时,LSGM/SSC界面形成了LaSrGaO4和LaSrGa3O7杂相:当烧结温度升高到1373 K时,还形成了高电子电导率的La-Sr-Co-O复合化合物.Co元素的扩散导致LSGM电解质电子电导率升高,氧离子迁移数和电池开路电压降低.延长SSC阴极烧结时间,LSGM电解质的欧姆电阻增大,电解质氧离子迁移数和电池的开路电压降低,这足由于延长SSC烧结时间加剧了LSGM/SSC界面上高阻抗相LaSrGaO4和LaSrGa3O7的生成.阴极中人量Co元素的扩散改变了LSGM电解质内部组成与结构.     

KCl-KBO2-K2CO3, K2MoO4-KBO2-K2CO3, and K2WO4-KBO2-K2CO3 ternary systems

phase diagrams of KCl-KBO₂-K₂CO₃, K₂MoO₄-KBO₂-K₂CO₃, and K₂WO₄-KBO₂-K₂CO₃ ternary systems were studied by a calculation-experimental method and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The coordinates of ternary eutectics were determined to be E ₁: 622°C, 8.5 mol % KBO₂, 56.5 mol % KCl, and 35 mol % K₂CO₃; E ₂: 710°C, 23 mol % KBO₂, 43 mol % K₂CO₃, and 34 mol % K₂MoO₄; E ₃: 710°C, 23 mol % KBO₂, 43 mol % K₂CO₃, and 34 mol % K₂WO₄. The specific heats of melting of the eutectics were determined.     

Phase relations in the K2W2O7-K2WO4-KPO3-Bi2O3 system and structure of K6.5Bi2.5W4P6O34

The phase relations in the cross-section of the K₂W₂O₇-K₂WO₄-KPO₃ containing 15 mol% Bi₂O₃ were undertaken using flux method. Crystallization fields of K_6.5Bi_2.5W₄P₆O₃₄, K₂Bi(PO₄)(WO₄), Bi₂WO₆, KBi(WO₄)₂ and their cocrystallization areas were identified. Novel phase K_6.5Bi_2.5W₄P₆O₃₄ was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction: sp. gr. P−1, a=9.4170(5), b=9.7166(4), c=17.6050(7) Å, α=90.052(5)°, β=103.880(5)° and γ=90.125(5)°. It has a layered structure, which contains {K₇Bi₅W₈P₁₂O₆₈}_∞ layers stacked parallel to ab plane and sheets composed by potassium atoms separating these layers. Sandwich-like {K₇Bi₅W₈P₁₂O₆₈}_∞ layers are assembled from [W₂P₂O₁₃]_∞ and [BiPO₄]_∞ building units, and are penetrated by tunnels with K/Bi atoms inside. FTIR-spectra of K₂Bi(PO₄)(WO₄) and K_6.5Bi_2.5W₄P₆O₃₄ were discussed on the basis of factor group theory.     

Sol-gel synthesis of K3InF6 and structural characterization of K2InC10O10H6F9, K3InC12O14H4F18 and K3InC12O12F18

K₃InF₆ is synthesized by a sol-gel route starting from indium and potassium acetates dissolved in isopropanol in the stoichiometry 1:3, with trifluoroacetic acid as fluorinating agent. The crystal structures of the organic precursors were solved by X-ray diffraction methods on single crystals. Three organic compounds were isolated and identified: K₂InC₁₀O₁₀H₆F₉, K₃InC₁₂O₁₄H₄F₁₈ and K₃InC₁₂O₁₂F₁₈. The first one, deficient in potassium in comparison with the initial stoichiometry, is unstable. In its crystal structure, acetate as well as trifluoroacetate anions are coordinated to the indium atom. The two other precursors are obtained, respectively, by quick and slow evaporation of the solution. They correspond to the final organic compounds, which give K₃InF₆ by decomposition at high temperature. The crystal structure of K₃InC₁₂O₁₄H₄F₁₈ is characterized by complex anions [In(CF₃COO)₄(OH_x)₂]^(5−2x)− and isolated [CF₃COOH_2−x]^(x−1)− molecules with x=2 or 1, surrounded by K⁺ cations. The crystal structure of K₃InC₁₂O₁₂F₁₈ is only constituted by complex anions [In(CF₃COO)₆]³⁻ and K⁺ cations. For all these compounds, potassium cations ensure only the electroneutrality of the structure. IR spectra of K₂InC₁₀O₁₀H₆F₉ and K₃InC₁₂O₁₂F₁₈ were also performed at room temperature on pulverized crystals.     

Solubility in the Na2Cr2O7-(NH4)2Cr2O7-K2Cr2O7-H2O system

Solubility in the Na₂Cr₂O₇-(NH₄)₂Cr₂O₇-K₂Cr₂O₇-H₂O four-component water-salt system at 25, 50, and 75°C was studied for the first time. Phase field boundaries for individual salts and potassium and ammonium dichromate solid solutions, monovariant lines, and invariant points were determined. Experimental data were used to optimize the looped isohydric process of potassium dichromate preparation involving additional salts.     

NaBO2-NaCl-Na2CO3, NaBO2- Na2CO3-NaMoO4, NaBO2- Na2CO3-NaWO4, and NaBO2-NaCl-Na2WO4 ternary systems

The phase diagrams of the NaBO₂-NaCl-Na₂CO₃, NaBO₂-Na₂CO₃-Na₂MoO₄, NaBO₂- Na₂CO₃-Na₂WO₄, and NaBO₂-NaCl-Na₂WO₄ ternary systems were studied by a calculation-experimental method and differential thermal analysis. The coordinates of ternary eutectics were determined: E ₁: 612°C, 16 mol % NaBO₂, 42 mol % NaCl, and 42 mol % Na₂CO₃; E ₂: 568°C, 12 mol % NaBO₂, 28 mol % Na₂CO₃, and 60 mol % Na₂MoO₄; E ₃: 575°C, 12 mol % NaBO₂, 32 mol % Na₂CO₃, and 56 mol % Na₂WO₄; E ₄: 628°C, 8 mol % NaBO₂, 20 mol % NaCl, and 72 mol % Na₂WO₄; and E ₅: 655°C, 9 mol % NaBO₂, 53 mol % NaCl, and 38 mol % Na₂WO₄.     

Li2SO4-Na2SO4-H2O和Li2SO4- K2SO4-H2O溶液的体积性质

本文用高精度数字式振荡管密度计测定了288K至318K温度范围内Li₂SO₄ + Na₂SO₄ + H₂O和 Li₂SO₄ + K₂SO₄ + H₂O三元体系的密度。混合溶液的离子强度范围从0.1到4.5 mol.kg_–1,混合溶液中Na₂SO₄和K₂SO₄的离子强度分数为0.2,0.4,0.6和0.8。用密度实验值拟合得到了不同温度下Pitzer离子相互作用模型混合参数θ_V和 ψ_V,模型的计算值与实验值的偏差在±0.002 g.cm_–3以内。用Pitzer模型计算了不同离子强度下三元体系的混合体积。     

Extension of the La7Mo7O30 structural type with La7Nb3W4O30 and La7Ta3W4O30 compounds

Two compounds of formula La₇A₃W₄O₃₀ (with A=Nb and Ta) were prepared by solid-state reaction at 1450 and 1490 °C. They crystallize in the rhombohedric space group R-3 (No. 148), with the hexagonal parameters: , and , . The structure of the materials was analyzed from X-ray, neutron and electronic diffraction. These oxides are isostructural of the reduced molybdenum compound La₇Mo₇O₃₀, which are formed of perovskite rod along [111]. An order between (Nb, Ta) and W is observed.     

SnSbBiS4-SnS and SnSbBiS4-Sn2Sb6S11 sections of the SnS-Sb2S3-Bi2S3 ternary system

SnSbBiS₄-SnS and SnSbBiS₄-Sn₂Sb₆S₁₁ sections were studied by physicochemical methods (DTA, X-ray powder diffraction, microstructure observation, and microhardness measurements). These sections were found to be eutectic quasi-binary sections of the SnS-Sb₂S₃-Bi₂S₃ ternary system. Solid solution regions based on the initial components were found on either side of the sections. Alloys in the solid solution region are p-type semiconductors.     

Structural chemistry of Sr3Cr2WO9, Ca3Cr2WO9, and Ba3Cr2WO9

We have studied the preparation and crystallographic structure of three perovskite-type compounds: Sr₃Cr₂WO₉, cubic, the lattice parameter of which is a = 7.812Å; Ca₃Cr₂WO₉, tetragonal, the lattice parameters of which are a = 5.408 Å and c = 7.635Å; and Ba₃Cr₂WO₉, hexagonal, the lattice parameters of which are a = 5.691 Å and c = 13.957Å. We have compared these three structures and shown the relationship between the dimensions of the alkaline-earth metal and the existence of the different structures.     

Theoretical study of polyoxide clusters B20O30, Al20O30, V20O50, Si20O30H20, and Si20O30F20

The structural, electronic, and vibrational characteristics and energies of the isolated polyoxide clusters B₂₀O₃₀, Al₂₀O₃₀, V₂₀O₅₀, Si₂₀O₃₀H₂₀, and Si₂₀O₃₀F₂₀ and their complexes with the H⁻ ion and ammonia complexes Al₂₀O₃₀ · nNH₃ have been calculated by the density functional theory B3LYP method with different basis sets. The computation results show that the symmetric closo structure I _h with oxygen bridges located above the centers of the faces of an empty [M₂₀] dodecahedron is more favorable for V₂₀O₅₀, Si₂₀O₃₀H₂₀, and Si₂₀O₃₀F₂₀. For B₂₀O₃₀, the cage closo isomer is also more favorable than the other isomers, but its structure is severely distorted as compared to a dodecahedron and has a symmetry close to C ₃ . For Al₂₀O₃₀, the I _h structure corresponds to a high-lying local minimum of the potential energy surface. For Al₂₀O₃₀, a set of unusual puckshaped isomers of symmetry C _i , with different numbers of four-coordinate atoms ^IVAl and three-coordinate atoms ^IIIO, was localized; these structures are more than 90 kcal/mol more favorable than the dodecahedron I _h . The most favorable isomer of Al₂₀O₃₀ contains twelve four-coordinate atoms ^IVAl and four five-coordinate atoms ^VAl. The energies of dissociation of the most favorable M₂₀O₃₀ clusters into the M₂O₃ (C _2v ) and M₄O₆ (T _d ) fragments and, in the case of Al₂₀O₃₀, also into the Al₈O₁₂ (O _h ) and Al₁₂O₁₈ (D _3d ) fragments, have been estimated. The conclusion has been drawn that these clusters can, in principle, exist and can be experimentally detected in the isolated state. Analogous calculations have been performed for ammonia complexes Al₂₀O₃₀ · nNH₃ with n varying from 1 to 20. The effect of solvation on the relative stability of the dodecahedral and puckshaped isomers of the Al₂₀O₃₀ cluster is observed. The isomers with ammonia molecules in their first coordination sphere become much closer to one another on the energy scale; however, the dodecahedron remains a considerably less favorable intermediate. Original Russian Text ? O.P. Charkin, N.M. Klimenko, D.O. Charkin, 2008, published in Zhurnal Neorganicheskoi Khimii, 2008, Vol. 53, No. 4, pp. 624–635.