Ent-16β-羟基-16α-甲基贝叶烷的合成

四环二萜化合物在煤、原油、沉积物等地质样品中广泛存在，它是非常特征的陆源有机质输入生物标志物，以异斯特维醇为原料合成了Ｅｎｔ－１６β－羟基－１６α－甲基贝叶烷。产率达２１％。     

含六个杂环的寡聚酰胺的合成

通过DCC／HOBT偶合反应,有效而简便地合成了含有六个N－甲基吡咯和N－甲基咪唑氨基酸的寡聚酰胺,在此合成中避免了氨基的保护和脱保护。     

2－乙基－4－甲基咪唑固化环氧树脂的固化反应机理、动力学及其反应活性

本文应用ＤＳＣ和ＦＴＩＲ对２－乙基－４－甲基咪唑固化双酚Ａ二缩水甘油醚型环氧树脂体系的固化反应机理和２－乙基－４－甲基咪唑固化双酚Ａ二缩水甘油醚型、缩水甘油酯与脂环型环氧树脂体系的固化反应特征、动力学及其反应活性进行了研究．结果表明，双酚Ａ二缩水甘油醚型环氧树脂／咪唑体系的固化反应是分两步独立进行的，第一步是加成反应，第二步是催化聚合反应．缩水甘油酯与脂环型环氧树脂（ＴＤＥ－８５）／咪唑体系的固化反应过程也分两步进行，第一阶段反应主要是缩水甘油酯型环氧基进行的加成反应和催化聚合反应，第二阶段主要是脂环型环氧基进行的加成反应．各体系第一阶段的表现反应活化能均低于第二阶段活化能．当ＴＤＥ－８５型环氧树脂中引入缩水甘油醚型环氧树脂后，固化反应速率均较ＴＤＥ－８５环氧树脂单独固化时快．     

1—烷基—2—甲基—4—硝基咪唑类化合物的合成及生物活性

利用固－液相转移催化法合成了７种α，ω－双［１－（２－甲基－４－硝基咪唑基）］烷烃和２０种１－烷基－２－甲基－４－硝基咪唑类化合物，大多数化合物收率在８５％以上。初步生物活性试验结果表明，部分化合物具有一定的抗炎、抗菌、镇痛、镇静或抗脑缺氧活性。     

VOLHARD法测定2-甲基咪唑

2 甲基咪唑是医药原料药甲硝唑 (ＭＴＺ)的关键中间体 ,而ＭＴＺ被世界卫生组织推荐为抗厌氧菌的首选药物 ,也被我国列为基本药物之一。对于 2 甲基咪唑的测定 ,未见有报道 ,据笔者所知 ,很多生产厂家及用户是利用其水溶液是碱性这一性质 ,用酸标准溶液滴定。由于在工业生产过程中会产生咪唑等其它碱性杂质 ,这些杂质在滴定时均会消耗部分酸标准溶液 ,而使结果偏高。本文采用过量硝酸银溶液与 2 甲基咪唑反应生成水不溶性银盐 ,然后以铁铵矾作指示剂 ,用硫氰酸铵标准溶液滴定过量的硝酸银 ,试验结果满意。1　主要试剂2 甲基咪唑纯品 :重…     

高效液相色谱法测定咪唑生产工艺中反应液中咪唑及2种杂质2-甲基咪唑和4-甲基咪唑

建立了高效液相色谱(HPLC)外标定量分析咪唑生产工艺中反应液中咪唑及杂质2-甲基咪唑和4-甲基咪唑含量的方法。在色谱分析中,选用Supersil-ODS-B色谱柱为固定相;选用体积比为40∶60的乙腈-离子对试剂(溶液pH为3.5,内含16 mmol·L~(-1)十二烷基硫酸钠和17mmol·L~(-1)磷酸二氢钾)溶液为流动相进行等度洗脱;采用二极管阵列检测器进行检测,检测波长为210nm。结果显示:咪唑、2-甲基咪唑及4-甲基咪唑标准曲线的线性范围均为10～100mg·L~(-1),检出限(3S/N)分别为0.02,0.02,0.03mg·L~(-1)。咪唑在20mg·L~(-1)和100mg·L~(-1)添加水平下的平均加标回收率分别为100%,99.2%,相对标准偏差(n=8)为0.27%。用本方法对同一批反应液不同反应阶段的9个样品中咪唑进行了测定,测定值为10.11%～10.71%;杂质2-甲基咪唑有检出,但低于测定下限;杂质4-甲基咪唑未检出。与气相色谱法进行了比对,两者测定结果基本一致。试验结果表明,该方法准确度好、灵敏度高、重现性好,能够准确测定咪唑生产工艺中反应液中咪唑、2-甲基咪唑及4-甲基咪唑的含量。     

α—（α′—甲基—卤代苄氧基）—β—（1—咪唑基）—2，4—二氯乙苯硝酸盐的合成与结构表征

先以间二氯苯,氯乙酰氯和咪唑为原料合成β－（1－咪唑基）－2,4－二氯－α－苯乙醇（I）,再以二卤苯为原料合成α－氯－卤代乙苯（Ⅱa-Ⅱd),然后, Ⅰ分别与Ⅱa-Ⅱd反应,生成α－α′－甲基－卤代苄氧基）β－（1－咪唑基）－2,4－二氯乙苯硝酸盐4个新化事物,产率分别为66．8％,78．5％,76．8％和81．2％,新化合物的结构经元素分析,IR和1H NMR表征。     

2－乙基－4－甲基咪唑固化环氧树脂的固化反应机理、动力学及其反应活性

 本文应用ＤＳＣ和ＦＴＩＲ对２－乙基－４－甲基咪唑固化双酚Ａ二缩水甘油醚型环氧树脂体系的固化反应机理和２－乙基－４－甲基咪唑固化双酚Ａ二缩水甘油醚型、缩水甘油酯与脂环型环氧树脂体系的固化反应特征、动力学及其反应活性进行了研究．结果表明，双酚Ａ二缩水甘油醚型环氧树脂／咪唑体系的固化反应是分两步独立进行的，第一步是加成反应，第二步是催化聚合反应．缩水甘油酯与脂环型环氧树脂（ＴＤＥ－８５）／咪唑体系的固化反应过程也分两步进行，第一阶段反应主要是缩水甘油酯型环氧基进行的加成反应和催化聚合反应，第二阶段主要是脂环型环氧基进行的加成反应．各体系第一阶段的表现反应活化能均低于第二阶段活化能．当ＴＤＥ－８５型环氧树脂中引入缩水甘油醚型环氧树脂后，固化反应速率均较ＴＤＥ－８５环氧树脂单独固化时快．     

高效液相色谱法测定咪唑中2-甲基咪唑和4-甲基咪唑

采用高效液相色谱法测定咪唑中2-甲基咪唑和4-甲基咪唑的含量。采用XDB C18色谱柱为分离柱,以pH 3.5的0.05mol·L-1磷酸二氢钾缓冲溶液与甲醇以体积比95比5组成的混合溶液为流动相,流量为1.0mL·min-1,在波长210nm处进行二极管阵列检测。2-甲基咪唑和4-甲基咪唑均在0.10~25.0mg·L-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)分别为20,40mg·kg-1。在1.00,5.00,20.0mg·L-1 3个浓度水平进行加标回收试验,回收率在89.0%~103%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=7)在0.58%~3.0%之间。     

E—1、Z—2（1—咪唑基）—O—（α—甲基对卤苄基）2′，4′—二氯苯乙酮肟硝酸盐的合成与结构表征

首先以2,4－二氯氯代苯乙酮、咪唑、羟胺和对卤苯乙酮为原料,分别合成E－、Z－2－1（1－咪唑基）－2′,4－′二氯苯乙酮肟（IE、IZ）和对卤α－氯乙苯（ⅡA和ⅡB）,ⅠE和ⅠZ分别与ⅡA和ⅡB反应,生成E－、Z－2－1（1－咪唑基）－O－（α－甲基对卤苄基）－2′,4′－二氯苯乙酮肟硝酸盐四个新化合物,产率炒52．0％－60．0％,并经元素分析、IR和^1HNMR进行了表征。     

A New Diterpenoid Dimer from Annona Glabra

A new diterpenoid dimer annonebinide A has been isolated from the stems of Annona glabra.Its structure was determined to be ent-16α-hydroxykauran-17-yl ent-16β-kauran-17-oate on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical evidence.     

IL-17 induces the production of IL-16 in rheumatoid arthritis

The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of IL-16 in the rheumatoid synovium and the role of inflammatory cytokines and Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands in IL-16 production by fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Immunohistochemical staining was performed with a monoclonal antibody to IL-16 in synovial tissues from patients with RA and likewise in patients with osteoarthritis (OA). FLS were isolated from RA synovial tissues and stimulated with IL-15, IL-1beta, IFN-gamma, and IL-17. The IL-16 mRNA level was assessed by semiquantitative RT-PCR and real time (RT) PCR and a comparison was made between IL-16 mRNA levels produced by RA-FLS and OA-FLS. Production of IL-16 was identified by a western blot assay, and IL-16 production after stimulation by specific ligands of TLR2 and TLR4 was assessed by RT-PCR. While immunohistochemical staining demonstrated strong expression of IL-16 mRNA in synovial tissues from patients with RA, similar findings were not present in the OA group. Moreover, mRNA expression of IL-16 by RA-FLS increased after treatment with IL-17 but not with IL-15, IL-1beta, and IFN-gamma. Specifically, IL-17 increased IL-16 mRNA level by RA-FLS and peripheral blood mononuclear cells in a dose-dependent manner. However, IL-17 did not stimulate IL-16 production in OA-FLS. Peptidoglycan, a selective TLR2 ligand, also increased production of IL-16 by RA-FLS dose- dependently, whereas LPS, a selective TLR4 ligand, had no such stimulatory effect. The results from our data demonstrate that IL-17 and TLR2 ligands stimulate the production of IL-16 by RA-FLS.     

Synthesis,Characterization and Control of Proportion of Polymorph C in ITQ-16 and ITQ-17 Films

Continuous ITQ-16 and ITQ-17 films on silicon wafer were prepared in fluoride media using TEAOH as organic structure-directing agent. The proportion of polymorph C in the as-synthesized ITQ-16 and ITQ-17 films was determined via X-ray diffraction characterization. The proportion of polymorph C in the ITQ-16 and ITQ-17 films was controlled via optimizing the compositions of the reaction mixtures and reaction conditions, such as varying the Si/Ge molar ratio and adding n-propyl alcohol as a solvent in the reaction mixture. The Ge atoms in the reaction media strongly increased the crystallization of polymorph C in ITQ-16 and ITQ-17 films. Moreover, the stabilizing and buffering effect of n-propyl alcohol on crystal growth further enhanced the proportion of polymorph C in the ITQ-16 and ITQ-17 films. For potential catalytic applications, Al was incorporated into the framework of polymorph C, and a pure phase of polymorph C in Al-ITQ-17 film was achieved from the synthesis gel in the n-propyl alcohol phase.     

CO LMR spectrum of ~(14)N~(16)O and its analysis with spectra of ~(14)N~(17)O and ~(14)N~(18)O

LMR spectra for v=1←0 transitions of 14N16O in X2Π1/2,3/2 states were observed at 5.6 μm and 5.4 μm of CO laser. Introducing the advanced isotopic molecular constant scaling function to Hund's case (a) diatomic structure model, these spectra were analyzed and fitted together with all reliable previous spectral data of 14N16O as well as 14N17O and 14N18O. A full set of precise molecular parameters and their vibrational dependencies have been determined with much higher precision (1 -2 orders for most parameters). Many of them have been obtained for the first time. Using isotopic scaling function, the molecular constants of 14N17O and 14N18O were deduced.     

A stereochemical examination of the equine metabolism of 17alpha-methyltestosterone

An investigation was conducted into the stereochemistry of the equine urinary metabolites of 17α-methyltestosterone observed after oral administration. Standards of the complete range of C3/C5/C16 stereoisomeric 17α-methylandrostane-3,17β-diols, 17α-methylandrostane-3,16,17β-triols and 17α-hydroxymethylandrostane-3,17β-diols were purchased or synthesised, and were used to unequivocally identify the absolute structures of the metabolites. Phase I metabolism was found to involve combinations of Δ⁴-3-ketone reduction with both 5α,3β- and 5β,3α-stereochemistry, hydroxylation at C16 with both 16α- and 16β-stereochemistry and hydroxylation of the 17α-methyl substituent. Phase II metabolism involved mainly sulfation with a lesser degree of β-glucuronidation.     

Macrolactones built from the bis-3,4(indol-1-yl)maleimide scaffold

15, 16, and 17-Membered lactones based on the bis-3,4(indol-1-yl)maleimide framework were obtained using intramolecular esterification reaction starting from 3-(1-ω-carboxyalkyl-2,3-dihydroindol-1-yl)-4-(1-ω-hydroxyalkyl-2,3-dihydroindol-1-yl)-maleimides. 3,4-Dibromo-maleimide, ω-(2,3-dihydroindol-3-yl)alkanoic acids, and ω-(2,3-dihydroindol-3-yl)alkanoles were used as starting compounds. Substitution of Br for the substituted indolines followed by the intramolecular cyclization of O-silylated hydroxyl acids derivatives led to macrolactones that incorporated 4-(dihydroindol-1-yl)-3-(indol-1-yl)maleimide moieties. Indoline nuclei in these compounds were dehydrogenated by DDQ in refluxing toluene to give 15, 16 or 17-membered lactones 3-[(ω-3-carboxyalkylindol-1-yl)-4-(ω-hydroxyalkylindol-1-yl)maleimides. Quantum chemical calculations showed that the formation of macrolactones of smaller size (13-membered) corresponds to the higher Gibbs energy ΔG^# and correlates with the absence of the target reaction product.     

Synthesis of crowned phenoxazine derivatives

Summary 16H-2,5,8,11,14-Pentaoxacyclopentadecano[2,3-a]phenoxazin-16-one, its 17-bromo analogue and 16-hydroxy-2,5,8,11,14-pentaoxacyclopentadecanophenoxazine were prepared by the reaction of 1,4-quinone of benzo[15]crown-5 or its dibromide with 2-aminophenol. Dehalogenation of the bromophenoxazinone was also investigated.

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Synthese von Kronen-Phenoxazin-Derivaten (Kurze Mitt.)

Zusammenfassung 16H-2,5,8,11,14-Pentaoxacyclopentadecano[2,3-a]phenoxazin-16-on, sein Brom-Analog und 16-Hydroxy-pentaoxacyclopentadecanophenoxazin wurden mittels der Reaktion des 1,4-Chinons von Benzo[15]krone-5 oder dessen Dibromid mit 2-Aminophenol hergestellt. Die Dehalogenierung von Bromphenoxazinon wurde ebenfalls untersucht.

     

6-亚甲基-17α-乙酰氧基-18-甲基-19-失碳-孕甾-4-烯-3,20-二酮的合成新方法研究

报道了16-亚甲基-17α-乙酰氧基-18-甲基-19-失碳-孕甾-4-烯-3,20-二酮的新合成方法. 以左旋18-甲基炔诺酮为原料, 通过脱水、氧化、环合、热解、环氧化、开环氧环、水解七步反应合成了目标化合物, 总收率20.0%. 其中化合物12, 13, 14, 15, 16尚未见文献报道.     

Indole Alkaloids from the Roots of Ervatamia hainanensis

Evratamia hainanensis Tsiang, is distributed in the mountain and forest regions of 100-500 metres height in the southern part of China. Its root has been used for the treatment of stomachache, dysentery, rheumatic arthritis, hypertension and virus hepatit…     

Cytotoxic Triterpenoid Saponins Acetylated with Monoterpenoid Acid from Albizia julibrissin

Three new triterpenoid saponins, named julibroside J₁₆ ( 2 ), julibroside J₁₇ ( 3 ), and julibroside J₂₁ ( 4 ), each of which possesses an oleanane triterpenoid aglycone of acacic acid, two monoterpenoid acids, and nine sugar moieties, together with one known saponin, julibroside II ( 1 ), were isolated from the stem bark of Albizia julibrissin by chromatographic methods. Their structures were established by chemical and spectroscopic means. Saponins 1, 2 , and 4 showed inhibitory activities against Bel 7402 human cancer cell line in vitro.