Anomalous Josephson current in junctions with spin polarizing quantum point contacts

We consider a ballistic Josephson junction with a quantum point contact in a two-dimensional electron gas with Rashba spin-orbit coupling. The point contact acts as a spin filter when embedded in a circuit with normal electrodes. We show that with an in-plane external magnetic field an anomalous supercurrent appears even for zero phase difference between the superconducting electrodes. In addition, the external field induces large critical current asymmetries between the two flow directions, leading to supercurrent rectifying effects.     

Ni-Zn铁氧体的动态磁特性

设计并制作了基于没有附加磁芯复位电路的单级、双级磁脉冲压缩系统电路,用于测试Ni-Zn铁氧体磁芯在μs及亚μs级脉冲激励下的动态磁特性。磁芯的磁滞回线由测量到的磁开关两端电压和电流数据经计算得到,由磁滞回线可知磁芯在μs及亚μs级脉冲激励下的各种特性参数如饱和磁感应强度、剩余磁感应强度、矩形比、磁通密度跳变、矫顽力、饱和磁场强度及单位体积材料磁滞损耗;通过比较两块磁芯在μs及亚μs级脉冲激励下的各种动态磁特性参数可知:两块磁芯随激励脉冲宽度变窄磁芯磁性能有不同程度的下降,亚μs级脉冲激励下的矫顽力和单位体积材料磁滞损耗都比μs级脉冲激励下增大约3倍;饱和磁感应强度小、剩余磁感应强度大的Ni-Zn铁氧体磁芯动态磁特性性能优异,适合用于更窄脉冲的压缩电路中。     

磁开关磁芯动态参数测试及分析

磁开关是磁脉冲压缩系统的关键部分,磁开关的磁芯性能参数直接影响到磁脉冲压缩系统的总体性能。针对磁脉冲压缩系统中磁开关磁芯应用特性,设计了回路振荡法对磁芯动态磁特性进行测量。通过测量磁开关工作电压和电流参数,计算磁芯的动态磁滞回线,确定饱和磁感应强度、矫顽力等动态参数。基于实验测量参数建立了包含动态磁滞回线的磁脉冲压缩电路模型,研究了磁开关动态特性对电压传递的影响。根据研究结果可得,在磁脉冲压缩系统设计中选择矫顽力较小的磁芯,可降低磁开关的能量损耗,从而保证系统具有较高的电压传递效率。     

Quantum Circuits and Schr?dinger’s Cat States

Quantum systems that are confined to circuit geometries are called quantum circuits. Macroscopic superconducting circuits are quantum circuits which can be modelled using a Quantisation by Parts scheme based on the macroscopic wave function approach of Feynman. This paper studies the circuit composed of an input wire and an output plate. We find that in order to achieve a consistent theory of supercurrent flow we have to generalize the quantisation by parts scheme to quantise in a path space. The generalized theory predicts a current flow down the wire into the plane. In addition to a current flowing radially outwards in the plane, the theory allows a circulating current round the origin. Strikingly, the circulating current can flow clockwise or anti-clockwise in such a way as to generate a magnetic moment of magnitude half of a Bohr magneton for an orbiting electron in an atom and a magnetic flux half that of the magnetic flux quantum of a superconducting ring. There is also the possibility of a macroscopic superposition of the two states of opposing circulating currents resembling a Schr?dinger’s cat situation. Furthermore, we outline a setup involving an external magnetic field that may allow experimental tests of the theory.     

多间隙气体开关电感

介绍了一种用于快脉冲直线变压器的低电感多间隙气体开关。专门构造了多种形式的单通道放电实验,测量了在不同形态单通道放电时的开关电感,研究发现:单通道放电时开关电感除了受到角向电流的影响,还与电弧通道引起的放电回路面积变化有关,开关电感理论计算值与单通道放电时的实测结果最接近;开关在自放电和触发时,均形成了多通道放电,电感明显降低,触发时开关电感最小约为49 nH,电极角向电流的影响可以忽略。     

背景光光伏效应对屏蔽—光伏空间孤子的影响

在光伏晶体两端处加一恒定的直流偏压，背景光的光伏效应对形成屏蔽－光伏孤子的空间电荷场没有影响，但对晶体中的电流有影响。如果外电源的电动势是恒定的，则背景光的光伏效应与外电路的电阻协同起作用，可以通过晶体两端的电压降影响晶体中的空间电荷场，进而影响空间孤子的宽度，在一定的条件下甚至可以实现亮、暗孤子的转换。     

背景光光伏效应对屏蔽-光伏空间孤子的影响

在光伏晶体两端外加一恒定的直流偏压，背景光的光伏效应对形成屏蔽-光伏孤子的空间电荷场没有影响，但对晶体中的电流有影响.如果外电源的电动势是恒定的，则背景光的光伏效应与外电路的电阻协同起作用，可以通过晶体两端的电压降影响晶体中的空间电荷场，进而影响空间孤子的宽度.在一定的条件下甚至可以实现亮、暗孤子的转换. 关键词： 屏蔽-光伏 空间孤子 孤子宽度 亮暗孤子转换     

Effect of supercurrent injection on vortex penetration and expulsion fields in mesoscopic superconducting squares

We report an experimental study on the effect of supercurrent injection on vortex states in mesoscopic superconductors. The sample consists of an Al square with side of 1.1 μm, which is directly connected to Al leads for current injection. The vortex penetration/expulsion is detected by the voltage change across a small tunnel junction attached to the square. We find that the vortex penetration/expulsion fields are significantly influenced by the external current of the order of 10 μA. The shift of the vortex penetration/expulsion fields is interpreted in terms of the forces exerted by the external current.     

Contribution of the triplet component of the supercurrent-carrying density of states to the Josephson current in a nonequilibrium superconductor/ferromagnet/superconductor junction

A weak link of two superconductors with s-type pairing through a ferromagnet has been theoretically investigated in the regime of a nonequilibrium spin-dependent distribution of electrons over energy levels in a ferromagnetic interlayer. It has been shown that, under the given conditions, the triplet component of the supercurrent-carrying density of states, which does not participate in the Josephson current transfer under equilibrium and spin-independent nonequilibrium conditions, is involved in the Josephson current transfer through the junction. In this case, the standard supercurrent transferred by the singlet component of the supercurrent-carrying density of states remains unchanged as compared to the case of the equilibrium distribution of electrons in the interlayer. An additional current transferred by the triplet component is controlled by a voltage that controls the specific shape and the degree of nonequilibrium of the electron distribution function in the interlayer. Depending on this controlling parameter, the additional current can substantially amplify or attenuate the standard supercurrent and also switch the junction between 0 and π states.     

一类自突触作用下神经元电路的设计和模拟

神经元在自突触作用下可以诱发各类放电活动的迁移, 神经元动作电位对电自突触的响应比较敏感. 通常用包含延迟因子和增益的反馈回路电流来刻画自突触对神经元动作电位的影响. 基于Pspice软件, 设计了包含自突触效应的神经元电路, 用以延迟反馈电路来模拟电自突触对电位的调制作用. 研究结果发现: 1)在外界刺激和电自突触回路协同作用下, 神经元电路输出信号可以呈现静息态, 尖峰放电, 簇放电状态. 2)在时变增大的外界刺激下和自突触回路驱动下, 神经元电路的输出电位序列在多种电活动模式之间(静息, 尖峰放电, 簇放电)交替出现, 其机理在于自突触回路具有记忆特性, 神经元对于不同的外界刺激可以做出不同模式的响应. 3)在给定比较大外界刺激下, 改变反馈回路的增益, 发现电路输出的序列也可以呈现不同模式交替, 即神经元对于相同的刺激可以通过自我调节自突触增益来产生不同模式的响应, 其机理可能在于回路的有效反馈, 这有助于理解突触的可塑性.     

Superconducting quantum interference devices made of Sb-doped Bi2Se3 topological insulator nanoribbons

We report the fabrication and characterization of superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) made of Sb-doped Bi₂Se₃ topological insulator (TI) nanoribbon (NR) contacted with PbIn superconducting electrodes. When an external magnetic field was applied along the NR axis, the TI NR exhibited periodic magneto-conductance oscillations, the so-called Aharonov-Bohm oscillations, owing to one-dimensional subbands. Below the superconducting transition temperature of PbIn electrodes, we observed supercurrent flow through TI NR-based SQUID. The critical current periodically modulates with a magnetic field perpendicular to the SQUID loop, revealing that the periodicity corresponds to the superconducting flux quantum. Our experimental observations can be useful to explore Majorana bound states (MBS) in TI NR, promising for developing topological quantum information devices.     

Observation of multi-path interference in broad-area semiconductor lasers with optical feedback

Multi-path interference effects induced by optical feedback in broad-area semiconductor lasers is experimentally studied. An external mirror and an internal laser cavity form a closed composite optical feedback loop. For a very small tilt of the external mirror for the exit facet along the stripe width of the active layer, the light emitted from the laser undergoes multi-path reflections in the composite cavity, and we therefore observe multi-path interference effects of the laser oscillations for a small mirror tilt. The laser output power always shows the fundamental mode of the single feedback loop together with an oscillation of a certain higher multi-path loop. The laser oscillation and the beam profile are strongly dependent on the tilt. We observed up to a nine-fold multi-path interference in the experiment.     

Density of states in a superconductor carrying a supercurrent

We have measured the tunneling density of states (DOS) in a superconductor carrying a supercurrent or exposed to an external magnetic field. The pair correlations are weakened by the supercurrent, leading to a modification of the DOS and to a reduction of the gap. As predicted by the theory of superconductivity in diffusive metals, we find that this effect is similar to that of an external magnetic field.     

Spatial and time characteristics of short gap, highdi/dt discharges

Under certain network conditions, vacuum circuit breakers may generate high-frequency currents. The quenching capability of vacuum circuit breakers for line-frequency currents and high-frequency currents plays an important role in the generation of unwanted voltage transients. This may occur when the gap distance at current zero is still too short to withstand the external voltage to the switch (TRV). The results of simulation calculations regarding these phenomena in the vicinity of current zero are described. Simulations are based on a detailed physical model, taking into consideration the basic conservation laws, the Maxwell equations, and the current continuity. The numerical solution takes into account the results of experimental streak photographs, revealing that the visible discharge covers only a small part of the contact diameter     

Supercurrent-induced temperature gradient across a nonequilibrium SNS Josephson junction

Using tunneling spectroscopy, we have measured the local electron energy distribution function in the normal part of a superconductor-normal metal-superconductor (SNS) Josephson junction containing an extra lead to a normal reservoir. In the presence of simultaneous supercurrent and injected quasiparticle current, the distribution function exhibits a sharp feature at very low energy. The feature is odd in energy and odd under reversal of either the supercurrent or the quasiparticle current direction. The feature represents an effective temperature gradient across the SNS Josephson junction that is controllable by the supercurrent.     

脉冲功率应用的IGBT快速驱动电路

根据绝缘栅双极型晶体管(IGBT)的工作特性,研究设计了一种应用于脉冲功率系统的开关驱动电路,实现了IGBT的快速开通。阐述了驱动电路的原理,设计了基于平面变压器的驱动电路,在驱动芯片基础上为栅极提供幅值为60 V脉冲电压,提高开关速度。最后使用Blumlein双线结构对驱动电路的性能进行了实验验证。应用这种驱动方式,提高了集电极电流上升速率。实验结果表明,在1000 V的工作电压下,通过IGBT的脉冲电流达到了470.53 A,脉冲前沿为40 ns,di/dt达到9.41 A/ns,相比数据手册提供的数据,该电流上升速度提高了7.53倍,实现了对IGBT的快速驱动。     

Pulsed Power Opening Switch Research at the University of New Mexico

Opening switch research at the University of New Mexico (UNM) is directed toward moderate-current (~10 kA) devices with potential applications to high-power charged particle accelerators. Two devices with the capacity for controlling gigawatt high-voltage circuits, the grid-controlled plasma flow switch and the scanned-beam switch, are under investigation. Both switches are conceptually simple; they involve little collective physics and are within the capabilities of current technology. In the plasma flow switch, the flux of electrons into a high-voltage power gap is controlled by a low-voltage control grid. Plasma generation is external to, and independent of, the power circuit. In the closed phase, plasma fills the gap so that the switch has a low on-state impedance. Pulse repetition rates in the megahertz range should be feasible. In single-shot proof-of-principle experiments, a small area switch modulated a 3-MW circuit; a 20-ns opening time was observed. The scanned-beam switch will utilize electric field deflection to direct the power of a sheet electron beam. The beam is to be alternately scanned to two inverse diodes connected to output transmission lines. The switch is expected to generate continuous-wave pulse trains for applications such as high-frequency induction linacs. Theoretical studies indicate that 10-GW devices in the 100-MHz range with 70-percent efficiency should be technologically feasible.     

高功率窄脉宽半导体激光激励器设计

为了获得高功率窄脉宽半导体激光,设计了半导体激光器相应的激励单元,论述MOSFET作为高速开关的工作机理,分析基于MOSFET作为高速开关产生窄的大电流脉冲的电路模型.为了使MOSFET开关速度尽可能快,根据前述分析,提出推挽式MOSFET栅极驱动方式并设计了触发窄脉冲的发生电路.当激光二极管接入放电回路时,实验表明:激光二极管输出光的峰值功率可达67.5 W,脉宽约为20 ns.最后,简要分析了影响光脉冲宽度的因素.     

A new superconducting neural cell

We propose a new artificial neural cell based on the dynamical properties of superconducting Wheatstone bridges loaded with a transmission line across their transverse junction. The current through the load line of the bridge switches (via magnetic coupling) to a non-zero voltage state an array of double-junction superconducting quantum interference devices (2J-SQUIDs) composing the synaptic circuit. It is shown that the current flowing to the postsynaptic neural cell can be controlled digitally by switching the bias current of the 2J-SQUIDs from zero (OFF state) to 90% of 2 I_c (ON state), where I_c is the critical supercurrent in each junction of the 2J-SQUIDs. Potential applications of the neural cell are briefly discussed.