Photonic time‐stretch digitizer and its extension to real‐time spectroscopy and imaging

Real‐time wideband digitizers are the key building block in many systems including oscilloscopes, signal intelligence, electronic warfare, and medical diagnostics systems. Continually extending the bandwidth of digitizers has hence become a central challenge in electronics. Fortunately, it has been shown that photonic pre‐processing of wideband signals can boost the performance of electronic digitizers. In this article, the underlying principle of the time‐stretch analog‐to‐digital converter (TSADC) that addresses the demands on resolution, bandwidth, and spectral efficiency is reviewed. In the TSADC, amplified dispersive Fourier transform is used to slow down the analog signal in time and hence to compress its bandwidth. Simultaneous signal amplification during the time‐stretch process compensates for parasitic losses leading to high signal‐to‐noise ratio. This powerful concept transforms the analog signal's time scale such that it matches the slower time scale of the digitizer. A summary of time‐stretch technology's extension to high‐throughput single‐shot spectroscopy, a technique that led to the discovery of optical rouge waves, is also presented. Moreover, its application in high‐throughput imaging, which has recently led to identification of rogue cancer cells in blood with record sensitivity, is discussed.     

Signal restoration in intensity-modulated optical OFDM access systems

It is well known that deliberate signal clipping in an intensity-modulated (IM) laser transmitter helps to overcome the optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system performance limitation that is related to the signal high peak-to-average power ratio. The amplitude of a clipped OFDM signal has to be optimized in order to minimize the optical power that is required to achieve a specified system performance. However, the signal clipping introduces nonlinear distortion (so-called clipping noise) and leads to a system performance penalty. In this Letter, the performance of the IM optical OFDM system with digital baseband clipping distortion in the transmitter and clipping noise compensation by means of signal restoration in the digital signal processing unit of the system receiver is analytically evaluated. It is demonstrated that the system bit-error ratio can be reduced by more than an order of magnitude, from 10(-3) to 3.5×10(-5), by applying only the first iteration of the signal restoration algorithm proposed in this Letter. The results of the analytical analysis are verified with brute-force numerical simulations based on direct error counting.     

Active noise control in a duct by an analog neural network circuit

Conventional active noise control (ANC) in ducts has been realized with digital signal processing. The physical size of the conventional ANC systems is usually large owing to the signal processing interval, and the cost of the system depends on the price of the digital signal processor (DSP). This paper proposes a new ANC system with an analog neural network circuit, which will process signals in short time periods without DSP. The proposed neural network circuit has a simple structure consisting of analog multipliers and an integrator, and we simulated the performance of the circuit by HSPICE. We also fabricated a circuit connected to a real duct and confirmed operation of the proposed ANC system.     

Heterodyne direct-detection OOFDM system with low sampling rate

A method of multi-channel receiving for high bit rate heterodyne direct-detection optical orthogonal frequency-division-multiplexing （OOFDM） system is proposed to reduce the sampling rate demand of analog-to-digital converter （ADC）. The sampling rate of ADCs can be reduced to 1/N that of the original signal bandwidth in an N-channel receiving system. Aided by a succeeding digital signal processing （DSP） at the receiver, aliasing free signal can be recovered. A back-to-back experimental result is given for a 4-channel system, based on which, a down conversion process for heterodyne can be reduced. The signal rebuilding algorithm is given and analyzed in its complexity and noise tolerance.     

Development of FPGA-based digital signal processing system for radiation spectroscopy

We have developed an FPGA-based digital signal processing system that performs both online digital signal filtering and pulse-shape analysis for both particle and gamma-ray spectroscopy. Such functionalities were made possible by a state-of-the-art programmable logic device and system architectures employed. The system performance as measured, for example, in the system dead time and accuracy for pulse-height and rise-time determination, was evaluated with standard alpha- and gamma-ray sources using a CsI(Tl) scintillation detector. It is resulted that the present system has shown its potential application to various radiation-related fields such as particle identification, radiography, and radiation imaging.     

数字化声学测量技术 Ⅱ.数字式声强及声功率测量系统

本文介绍在数字声学测量分析系统中，通过双传声器信号互谱密度的计算进行声强及声功率测量的基本原理。该数学分析系统由微计算机，数字信号处理卡和Ａ／Ｄ变换卡组成。在一个数字系统中，通过快速傅里叶变换（ＦＥＴ）进行互谱计算是十分有效的。本文着重介绍了，在声强的测量分析中对声强探头两传声器的固有相位差进行补偿的重要性和补偿方法，这是声强测量的重要环节。     

HL-2A 装置 2MW 低杂波反射保护技术研究

为提高 HL-2A 装置低杂波电流驱动系统的实验效率,研制了高反射保护系统。使用 Verilog 硬件描 述语言设计数字信号处理电路,选择 EPM240T100C4 型可编程逻辑器件(CPLD)实现数字信号处理;使用一个 14 位计数器,实现了在低杂波系统反射保护动作后间隔 3.6ms 后重启的功能。测试结果表明,该保护系统实现了设 计要求。     

三分量全光纤加速度检波器及数字处理系统

研制出三分量全光纤加速度检波器及其数字信号处理系统。该检波器由一个质量块，六个顺变柱体，三组迈克耳孙干涉仪光路组成。顺变柱体是检波器敏感元件中的关键部件。该检波器数字信号处理系统以TI公司的高性能数字信号处理芯片为核心，辅以必要的电路，实现了对加速度信号的高精度检测和误差信号的补偿。测试结果表明，检波器在共振频率以上有较好的频率响应，输入信号与输出信号吻合较好；检波器在共振频率以下亦有较好的频率响应。最后给出了检波器频率响应曲线。     

Design and implementation of fuzzy logic based automatic gain controller for EDFAs

In this study, the design and implementation of a fuzzy logic (FL) based automatic gain controller card (AGC) is performed in order to control the pump laser current with respect to signal power and signal wavelength. The FL-AGC card consists of an amplifier, an analogue to digital converter (ADC), a digital to analogue converter (DAC), and a FL based software that is embedded to a microcontroller. With this configuration, gain flattening at the output of the erbium doped fibre amplifier (EDFA) along C band is achieved. In this way, ergonomically designed FL-AGC card can be easily matched with EDFAs and can be applicable to optical system applications.     

A Flash-ADC data acquisition system developed for a drift chamber array and a digital filter algorithm for signal processing

A Flash-ADC data acquisition (DAQ) system has been developed for the drift chamber array designed for the External-Target-Experiment at the Cooling Storage Ring at the Heavy Ion Research Facility, Lanzhou. The simplified readout electronics system has been developed using the Flash-ADC modules and the whole waveform in the sampling window is obtained, with which the time and energy information can be deduced with an offline processing. A digital filter algorithm has been developed to discriminate the noise and the useful signal. With the digital filtering process, the signal to noise ratio (SNR) is increased and a better time and energy resolution can be obtained.     

Experimental study of an acoustic communication system in shallow-water conditions

The paper presents the results of experimental studies of an acoustic communication system containing parallel transmission digital information channels, which came about from applying the principles of orthogonal frequency division of individual information channels, resulting in an increased information rate. Received signals were processed by two separate receivers differing in the method by which the pulse response parameters of the medium were estimated during signal propagation. It is shown that to increase the reliability of received digital information for coherent separated reception of a multipath signal, it is necessary to estimate the parameters of this signal’s components in frequency bands corresponding to individual information channels. When such estimates were taken into account, the acoustic communication system provided error-less reception of digital information in all experiments conducted under conditions of the shallow Volgograd Reservoir and Lake Ladoga.     

基于System Generator的射频直接带通采样MRI信号接收方法

本文将软件无线电技术应用于磁共振成像（Magnetic Resonance Imaging，MRI）信号接收，提出了射频直接带通采样MRI信号接收的方法.基于此接收方法设计了一种MRI信号数字解调方法，该方法利用Xilinx公司推出的数字信号处理（Digital Signal Processing，DSP）设计开发工具——System Generator实现，同时设计验证了能够灵活实现数字下变频（Digital Down Conversion，DDC）功能的DDC系统.仿真与实验平台均验证了该接收方法的正确性和有效性.     

双散斑场相移数字干涉计量

本文介绍了一种检测散射表面变形的自动测量系统。将相移和数字图像处理技术应用于数字散斑干涉计量中,毋须中间记录过程,在计算机控制下采集数据和计算相位,产生相位条纹而非相关条纹。用图像处理技术消除散斑随机性引起的噪声。文中给出了面内、离面变形的测量结果。     

兰州重离子加速器控制系统DSP组件设计

针对重离子加速器部分电源的控制要求,进行了分析研究,提出并实现了一种实时、高效、多功能的控制系统。该系统基于数字信号处理器（DSP）和两片现场可编程门阵列（FPGA）芯片相结合的核心处理构架,在系统后端利用PXI总线接口配合FPGA来与工控机箱中的系统控制器和其他控制组件进行大批量数据交互;系统前端利用直接数字频率合成器、模数转换器和数模转换器等器件结合DSP和FPGA中的控制算法及相应控制机制来实现对不同电源控制参数的处理和功率的输出;平台中两组光纤模块也与FPGA相配合实现对同步触发事例等实时数据的收发和调试。     

Stability of an ion beam in synchrotrons with digital filters in the feedback loop of a transverse damper

The stability of an ion beam in synchrotrons with digital filters in the feedback loop of a transverse damper is treated. A transverse feedback system (TFS) is required in synchrotrons to stabilize the high intensity ion beams against transverse instabilities and to damp the beam injection errors. The TFS damper kicker (DK) corrects the transverse momentum of a bunch in proportion to its displacement from the closed orbit at the location of the beam position monitor (BPM). The digital signal processing unit in the feedback loop between BPM and DK ensures a condition to achieve optimal damping. Damping rates of the feedback systems with digital filters are analysed in comparison with those in an ideal feedback system.     

Robust and precise length stabilization of a 25-km long optical fiber using an optical interferometric method with a digital phase-frequency discriminator

We have developed an optical fiber length stabilization system for the distribution of reference millimeter wave signals in a long-baseline phased-array radio telescope. The fiber length was compared with an absolute wavelength reference laser using a Michelson interferometer. We used a digital servo system including a digital phase-frequency discriminator with a wide phase dynamic range and a digital signal processor (DSP) for the digital servo system. All-digital servo system made it possible to realize a robust and precise length stabilization of a 25-km long optical fiber. PACS 42.62.Eh; 42.81.Uv; 95.55.Jz     

有限冲击响应滤波器在四频激光陀螺中的应用

针对目前四频差动激光陀螺光学解调方案可靠性和温度特性差的特点,介绍一种基于FPGA的数字拍频解调方案。分析了四频差动激光陀螺数字拍频解调对电路系统的需求,对数字拍频解调的关键部件低通滤波器进行了设计与实现。根据四频差动激光陀螺的特性参数计算滤波器的通带截止频率及阻带截止频率,使用MATLAB的滤波器设计和分析工具FDATool完成了有限冲击响应（FIR）数字滤波器的参数设计,并利用Xilinx公司的FPGA集成开发环境ISE实现FIR数字滤波器的片上系统设计。仿真和实验结果表明,所设计的FIR数字滤波器对四频差动激光陀螺的和频分量衰减达到-66 dB,满足四频差动激光陀螺拍频解调的需求,并有助于实现四频差动激光陀螺的小型化和数字化。     

J-TEXT 扰动场交流电源峰值反馈系统设计

在J-TEXT 装置上设计了一种基于现场可编程逻辑门阵列(FPGA)的数字式峰值检测电路,该电路先对负载电流进行模数(AD)转换,再经有限冲激响应(FIR)滤波器进行数字滤波,然后用峰值算法获取电流峰值,最后经数模转换器(DA)输出电流峰值。在此基础上,完成了扰动场交流电源负载电流峰值反馈系统的设计,实验结果表明系统动态性能好、检测精度高,能很好满足交流电源负载电流反馈控制的需要。     

数字BPM时钟锁相电路的设计与实现

为实现数字BPM时钟系统的锁相,设计了一种基于锁相环同步原理的低抖动、低相位噪声的时钟同步系统。根据锁相环电路工作原理,对数字BPM时钟同步系统的硬件及固件程序进行了设计,实现了外部输入时钟信号与系统内部产生的主工作时钟信号的锁相,并且时钟信号输出的频率及相位均可调整以满足后端ADC采样的要求。测试结果表明,设计可以完成对一定频率范围内变化的外部输入时钟信号的锁相,输出时钟信号抖动满足束流实验要求,为数字BPM后续算法研究提供了基础。     

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在J-TEXT 装置上设计了一种基于现场可编程逻辑门阵列(FPGA)的数字式峰值检测电路,该电路先对负载电流进行模数(AD)转换,再经有限冲激响应(FIR)滤波器进行数字滤波,然后用峰值算法获取电流峰值,最后经数模转换器(DA)输出电流峰值。在此基础上,完成了扰动场交流电源负载电流峰值反馈系统的设计,实验结果表明系统动态性能好、检测精度高,能很好满足交流电源负载电流反馈控制的需要。