合成金刚石超高压腔内的压力剃度

 用合成金刚石通用的石墨代替过去使用的氯化银作为测定压力的传压介质材料测得了腔内的压力梯度。石墨在压力腔内压力梯度随压力的升高而增大，在中心压力为5.5 GPa时，纵向压力梯度为21.8 MPa/mm，径向压力梯度为18.8 MPa/mm；而且在较低压力下，两个方向的压力梯度相差甚微，随着压力升高，差别则较为显著。但氯化银在压力腔内的压力梯度却随压力的升高而减小。研究了测压腔内的相对压力梯度，发现相对压力梯度随压力的升高而减小。在中心压力为5.5 GPa时，纵向相对压力梯度为0.003 96 mm^-1，径向相对压力梯度为0.003 48 mm^-1。因此，应根据相对压力梯度来合理地设计合成金刚石反应腔内的温度场。     

On the pressure variation of resistivity of solid Pr,La and Ac

The high pressure bandstructure results are used to study the pressure variation of the electrical resistivity in Praseodymium (Pr), Lanthanum (La) and Actinium (Ac). The resistivity is calculated using Huang's formula. In the case of Pr and La in the pressure range upto 200 kbar the resistivity increases with pressure and approaches saturation value whereas for Ac, the resistivity increases with pressure initially and then it decreases with increase of pressure. The results are compared with the available experimental and theoretical results. The transitions reported by other investigators in Pr and La are visible in the curves of resistivity Vs pressure. We have also computed the pressure coefficients for Pr and La which indicate the probable phase transitions in them.     

高效低阻强化换热技术的三场协同性探讨

在流场和温度场协同的基础上,分析了流场和压力场的协同配合关系.分析表明:在换热强化基本相同的情况下,增大速度和压力梯度间的夹角,可以改善速度场和压力场的协同性,从而减小压降的增大,实现较小压降下获得较高的换热性能.说明了高效低阻强化换热的技术在于温度场、速度场和压力场的较好协同.     

Expansion of capabilities of the short-duration wind tunnel with an opposing pressure multiplier

A method for raising the maximum settling-chamber pressure in a short-duration wind tunnel equipped with pressure multipliers arranged in opposition to each other for stabilization of test gas parameters is proposed. For this purpose, a wind-tunnel design with an additional third pressure multiplier attached to the body of the second pressure multiplier was developed. The rod of the additional multiplier contacts the large-area piston stage of the second multiplier, and the pre-piston space being connected to the receiver. The inclusion of an additional pressure multiplier in the wind-tunnel design at the maximum attainable driver-gas pressure of 150?170 bar, defined by the standard industrial pressure of air used for filling wind-tunnel receivers with the driver gas, allows a two-fold increase in the maximum settling-chamber pressure, from 1100 to 2000?2200 bar. For raising the maximum settling-chamber pressure above 2000–2200 bar, the use of one additional pressure multiplier proved to be insufficient because, in the latter case, its becomes necessary to simultaneously raise the driver-gas pressure over 150?170 bar.     

Elastic behaviour near polymorphic transitions: Silver iodide

Longitudinal and transverse wave velocities have been determined as functions of pressure in polycrystalline silver iodide using the pulse transmission method. The velocities decrease with increasing pressure in the low pressure phase and increase with increasing pressure in the NaCl structure phase which is stable above 4 kbar at room temperature. The calculated value of the pressure derivative of the incompressibility of the low pressure phase is exceptionally low, sufficiently so to be inconsistent with some lattice dynamics formulations. The unusual properties of the low pressure phase may be due to the effect of Frenkel defects on elastic wave propagation.     

Thermoelasticity of CaO from first principles

The thermoelastic properties of CaO over a wide range of pressure and temperature are studied using density functional theory in the generalized gradient approximation. The transition pressure taken from the enthalpy calculations is 66.7GPa for CaO, which accords with the experimental result very well. The athermal elastic moduli of the two phases of CaO are calculated as a function of pressure up to 200GPa. The calculated results are in excellent agreement with existing experimental data at ambient pressure and compared favourably with other pseudopotential predictions over the pressure regime studied. It is also found that the degree of the anisotropy rapidly decreases with pressure increasing in the B1 phase, whereas it strongly increases as the pressure increases in the B2 phase. The thermodynamic properties of the B1 phase of CaO are predicted using the quasi-harmonic Debye model; the heat capacity and entropy are consistent with other previous results at zero pressure.     

强超声在空化液体中的反常衰减

采用自动控制系统,逐点测量了长方形水槽内液体中不同位置的声压。研究发现,随着驱动声压的增大,近场声压持续增大,但衰减速度也加快,而远场声压会经历一个先上升后下降的反常过程。通过对容器中不同位置声压进行频谱分析,得到声波不同频率分量随传播距离的变化规律。结合频谱的分析表明,上述反常过程的原因是高驱动声压下气泡的非线性振动将更多声能量转移至衰减较快的高次谐波,从而导致远场的声压反而低于较低驱动时对应的声压。      

高压下碱卤晶体的三参量等温状态方程

 由等温体积弹性模量的定义及其与压强关系的假设出发，导出了一个新的适用于高压下碱卤晶体的三参量等温状态方程。计算了室温下NaCl晶体在0～30 GPa压强范围内、CsCl晶体在0～40 GPa压强范围内的相对体积以及NaCl晶体在0～30 GPa压强范围内的等温体积弹性模量，计算结果与实验值一致。对等温体积弹性模量及其对压强的一阶、二阶导数与压强的关系进行了讨论，指出压强趋于无穷大时的等温体积弹性模量是常数。     

水平管内二氟乙烷两相流动摩擦压降实验研究

对制冷剂二氟乙烷(HFC-152a)在内径为8mm的水平管内进行了两相流动沸腾摩擦压降的实验测量.实验测量的压力范围为0.19—0.41MPa,热流密度范围为14—62kW/m2,流量范围为128—200kg/m2s.实验测量表明:HFC-152a的两相摩擦压降随质量流量、质量含气率的增大而增大;热流密度则对摩擦压降的直接影响很小,但通过影响两相流流型间接影响了摩擦压降;当流型由分层流动转变为半环状流或环状流时,总压降中加速压降所占比例有所减小,而摩擦压降所占比例则有所增大;摩擦压降随饱和压力的增大而减小.使用两个应用广泛的压降计算式进行了计算.实验测试结果与计算结果对比后发现,Friedel模型与实验结果偏差较大,而Müller-Steinhagen-Heck模型则与实验结果符合较好.     

Electrical property and phase transition of CdSe under high pressure

In situ electrical resistivity measurement of CdSe was performed under high pressure and moderate temperature using a diamond anvil cell equipped with a microcircuit. With the pressure increasing, a sharp drop in resistivity of over two orders of magnitude was observed at about 2.6 GPa, it was caused by the transition to the rock-salt CdSe. After that, the resistivity decreased linearly with pressure. However, in different pressure range, the decreasing degree was obviously different. This attributed to the different electron structures. By fitting to the curve of pressure dependence of resistivity in different pressure range, the relationship of the band gap to pressure was given and the metallization pressure was speculated to be in the range of 70-100 GPa. The temperature dependence of resistivity showed that in the experimental temperature and pressure range the resistivity had a positive temperature coefficient.     

六面顶压机立方压腔内压强的定量测量及受力分析

将六面顶压机立方压腔内置入电路,采用原位电阻测量确定Bi,Tl,Ba相变的方法,标定了压腔内不同位置的压力(强).通过标定立方压腔顶锤表面的压力并结合计算,分别得到了外部加载与压腔密封边受力以及合成腔体受力的对应关系.实验分析结果表明,随着外部加载的增加,当腔体压力达到5 GPa时,消耗在压腔密封边上的加载急剧上升,消耗在合成腔体的加载趋于不变,从而导致立方压腔压力达到上限.利用实验结果,分析了立方压腔在高压下的受力状态,解释了立方压腔的压力难以超过7 GPa的原因.结合立方压腔的几何结构,通过理论分析,提出了采用高体弹模量的物质作为传压介质,同时采用低体弹模量的物质作为密封边提高立方压腔压力上限的可行方案.通过定量标定叶腊石压腔轴向的压力梯度,给出了压腔内沿对称轴不同位置压力值的计算方法,此方法可为高压实验提供更精确的压力数据.     

基于光腔衰荡光谱技术的压力计校准方法

压强是工业生产过程中的一个重要参数,其准确测量是过程控制的关键。气体分子光谱线型和线宽取决于分子间相互作用和温度、气压等因素,利用窄线宽气体吸收光谱的压力展宽效应,可通过高分辨地测量气体吸收谱线得到压强信息,实现压力计校准。提出了一种基于光腔衰荡光谱技术和气体吸收谱线压力展宽效应的压力计校准方法。采用5.2 μm可调谐量子级联激光器,基于连续光腔衰荡光谱技术建立了压力计校准实验装置。室温下,测量水汽在1 877 cm-1附近的一吸收谱线,线宽为0.084 21 cm-1,重复性测量误差小于1.53×10-4 cm-1,对应的压强大小为98.12 kPa,检测灵敏度优于0.18 kPa,与高精度压力计读数98.14 kPa一致。利用测试谱线线宽与压强的关系得到压力展宽系数(0.087 12±0.000 965) cm-1·atm-1,与HITARN数据库参考值0.087 1 cm-1·atm-1一致。实验校准了一小量程压力计。结果表明基于光腔衰荡光谱的高分辨吸收谱线测量在压强检测和压力计校准领域具有很好的应用前景。     

Vocal Intensity Characteristics inNormal and Elderly Speakers

The relationship of lung pressure, fundamental frequency, peak airflow, open quotient, and maximal flow declination rate to vocal intensity for a normal speaking, young male control group and an elderly male group was investigated. The control group consisted of 17 healthy male subjects with a mean age of 30 years and the elderly group consisted of 11 healthy male subjects with a mean age of 77 years. Data were collected at three levels of vocal intensity: soft, comfortable, and loud, corresponding to 25%, 50%, and 75% of dynamic range, respectively. Phonational threshold pressure and lung pressure were obtained using the intraoral technique. The oral airflow waveform was inverse filtered to provide an approximation to the glottal airflow waveform from which measures of fundamental frequency, peak airflow, open quotient, and maximal flow declination rate were determined. Excess lung pressure was calculated as lung pressure minus estimated phonational threshold pressure. The results show for both groups an increase in sound pressure level across the conditions, with corresponding increases in lung pressure, excess lung pressure, fundamental frequency, peak airflow, and maximal flow declination rate. Open quotient decreased with increasing vocal intensity. Lung pressure, sound pressure level, and peak airflow were all found to be significantly greater for the control group than for the elderly group at each condition. Open quotient was found to be significantly lower in the control group than in the elderly group at each condition. No significant difference was observed for excess lung pressure, phonational threshold pressure, fundamental frequency, or maximal flow declination rate between the two groups. These results show that a difference in vocal intensity does exist between young and elderly voices and that this difference is the result of differences in lung pressure, peak airflow, and open quotient.     

A new pressure formulation for gas-compressibility dampening in bubble dynamics models

We formulated a pressure equation for bubbles performing nonlinear radial oscillations under ultrasonic high pressure amplitudes. The proposed equation corrects the gas pressure at the gas–liquid interface on inertial bubbles. This pressure formulation, expressed in terms of gas-Mach number, accounts for dampening due to gas compressibility during the violent collapse of cavitation bubbles and during subsequent rebounds. We refer to this as inhomogeneous pressure, where the gas pressure at the gas–liquid interface can differ to the pressure at the centre of the bubble, in contrast to homogenous pressure formulations that consider that pressure inside the bubble is spatially uniform from the wall to the centre. The pressure correction was applied to two bubble dynamic models: the incompressible Rayleigh–Plesset equation and the compressible Keller and Miksis equation. This improved the predictions of the nonlinear radial motion of the bubble vs time obtained with both models. Those simulations were also compared with other bubble dynamics models that account for liquid and gas compressibility effects. It was found that our corrected models are in closer agreement with experimental data than alternative models. It was concluded that the Rayleigh–Plesset family of equations improve accuracy by using our proposed pressure correction.     

正辛烷的高压拉曼光谱研究

 采用金刚石对顶砧高压装置,在室温下对正辛烷（C₈H₁₈）进行了原位高压拉曼光谱研究,实验的最高压力为13GPa。在实验的压力范围内,正辛烷的拉曼峰位随压力的升高均向高频移动,峰强逐渐减弱,峰形变宽。常态为液态的正辛烷在0.8 GPa时,拉曼频移随压力的变化曲线出现了拐点,发生了液－固相变;在6.8 GPa时,伴随着原拉曼峰的消失或劈裂,以及新拉曼峰的出现,此时正辛烷可能发生了固－固相变。该相变压力低于已有的低碳数正烃烷的压致相变结果。正烃烷的压致相变压力点,具有随着结构链长的增加,其相变压力降低的规律。     

波导等离子体限幅器中气体的选择与触发条件计算

 为保护电子设备不受高功率微波损坏,在矩形波导中嵌入等离子体限幅器。计算了不同气体的微波击穿场强随气体压强以及微波频率的变化规律。在高气压条件下（1 333~133 320 Pa）,气体击穿场强随气压增大而增大,在计算的4种气体中Ne的击穿场强最小;低气压条件下（1.333 2~133.32 Pa）,气体击穿场强随气压增大而减小,且Xe具有最小击穿场强。高气压条件下气体的击穿场强明显高于低气压下的击穿场强。计算结果表明：当填充133.32 Pa的Xe时,限幅器能够在约30 km范围内,有效地防护10 GW级高功率微波对电子设备的损坏。     

Melting temperature of metals under pressure

In the present study, a thermodynamic model is formulated to determine the melting temperature of metals with increasing pressure using an equation of state (EoS). The model is applied to determine the melting temperature of Cu, Au, Ag, Zn, Cd, In and Pb at high pressure. The model formulation is based on Goyal and Gupta EoS which follows Stacey's criteria and is valid in high pressure conditions and also it does not involve any adjustable parameter. The volume compression, bulk modulus and its first order pressure derivative is determined using the EoS with an increase in pressure. It is observed that melting temperature show increase with the increase in pressure, however, variation is not linear. The comparison of present computed results of melting temperature under pressure is done with the theoretical and experimental results available and good consistency between the compared results is observed. This study helps in understanding the quantitative effect of pressure on the melting behavior of metals. The melting temperature at high pressures can also be predicted using the present formalism.     

T1系单相超导材料的高氧压合成及压力对超导性的影响

 系统地研究了在0~3 MPa氧压下T1系超导材料的制备过程及其超导性质。结果表明：0.25~0.90 MPa氧压下所制备的样品为纯2223相，T_c0最高可达125.3 K；1.45~3.00 MPa氧压下样品为纯2212相，T_c0在95~100 K之间；0.90~1.45 MPa氧压下样品为2223及2212两相共存。对两种单相样品的高压研究结果表明，2223相样品比2212相样品有着较强的压力效应，在0~0.52 GPa压力下分别为4.0 K/GPa及2.0 K/GPa。     

定容燃烧弹内压力振荡机理研究

本文基于一种具有较好发展前景的醚类汽油添加剂异丙醚(DIPE),在定容燃烧弹内研究了该燃料在不同初始压力下随当量比变化的压力振荡特性。实验结果表明,压力振荡强度随当量比增加呈先增大后减小的趋势,且在当量比1.4附近达到最大值;随初始压力增大,压力振荡的强度也增强。本文通过利用He和CO₂以不同掺混比替代N₂作为稀释气体,验证了定容燃烧弹内的压力振荡主要由压力波与火焰相互影响引起,火焰自加速和混合气能量密度对压力振荡有至关重要的作用。     

高压下YB_6的电子结构与光学性质的第一性原理研究

本文从第一性原理出发,基于密度泛函理论体系下的广义梯度近似(GGA)方法,对不同压力下YB_6的电子结构及光学性质方面进行了研究.结果表明:在一定的压力范围内随着压力的增大,费米面以上的能带往高能量处移动,费米面以下的能带往低能量处移动.能量损失谱的第一个峰随着压力的增大往高能量处移动,并且峰强增大.这表明可以通过压力来调节YB_6在可见光区的吸收谷的位置及强度,在高压下YB_6将展现更好的隔热性能.