高分子材料与工程专业新生研讨课的教学改革与实践

新生专业研讨课作为我校高分子材料与工程专业新生入学教育的重要内容,它的建设和发展对于大一新生对本专业的了解和学习方法的掌握是非常关键的。本文主要对高分子材料与工程专业的新生专业研讨课的教学内容和教学方法进行探讨,新生专业研讨课的教学内容主要包括详细的专业介绍、专业讨论课程和实践操作课程、专业思想教育,教学方法除了采取了传统的课堂讲授外,还有课堂讨论、课堂探究及实验、专家讲座。     

应用研究式学习提高理论课程教学的质量——以高分子材料课程为例

高分子材料课程是高分子材料与工程专业的核心骨干课程,但其庞杂的知识体系给课程讲述带来了诸多困难。为了更好地完成课程教学目标,实现学生思维能力与科研素质的全面培养,在教学过程中大量采用了互动式、讨论式和研究式教学方法。其中,研究式学习方式是将4~5 人分为一个学习小组,由学生自主遴选生活中常见的高分子材料品类,再与教师沟通协商后确定材料品类和分组,并进行一系列探究的教学模式。在完成该学习任务时,应先通过课程知识、产品说明、外观等初步分析判断材料的主要化学成分;进而结合现代检测分析方法或自制研究方法,鉴定材料的化学结构;再针对材料的应用领域,检测分析材料的物理结构、性能和功能;最后,整理所得数据,并结合文献对结果进行分析和讨论。通过目标驱动的方式引导学生去自主完成课题研究,极大地调动了学生参与的积极性,提高了全体学生参与课程讨论和学习的热情,进一步拓展了学生的知识面,取得了较好的教学效果。     

《高分子材料》研究式学习的实践与思考——学生视角的总结

传统高分子材料包括塑料、橡胶、纤维、涂料、黏合剂、高分子复合材料等,从体积上比已远远超过了金属材料的总和,是生产生活的必需品,极大地改善了人们的生活质量。高性能工程高分子材料在国防、航空航天、交通运输、船舶、采油和石化等行业发挥着不可替代的重要作用。因而《高分子材料》课程日益成为化学、材料类专业的必修或必选课。然而,高分子材料种类庞杂,知识点分散、描述性内容多而应用性无法通过讲授体现,因此课程讲授过程中显得枯燥乏味,学生的注意力不容易集中。本文从学生的视角,总结了研究式学习实践的过程、收获与不足。研究式学习将实践融入课堂教学,充分彰显了全局参与性、实践应用性和开放包容性。学生和教师在研究式学习环节双向互动、互相提高,教师学习改进指导方式,学生得以加深对高分子材料的认识与实践思考、提高实践能力和创新意识。未来的研究式学习可以在开展实验室合作、完善评价体系、提高学生参与度、完善教学策略等方向继续改进。     

《高分子材料成型加工新技术》课程教学改革探索

《高分子材料成型加工新技术》是在《聚合物加工机械》和《聚合物加工原理》两门本科专业课基础上发展形成的一门技术前沿性的新课程。该课程主要讲授当前高分子材料成型加工的新装备、新技术和新方法等,既可作为高分子材料与工程专业本科生拓宽专业知识面的专业选修课,也可作为材料加工工程专业硕士研究生的专业主干课。本文结合课程团队多年给研究生讲授《高分子材料成型加工新技术》专业主干课的经历,从教学目标、教学内容、教学方法和教学效果四个方面介绍了开设这门课程的经验和体会。     

提高高分子专业学生计算机应用水平的探索和实践

高分子专业的学生经过3年多的基础课和专业课学习后,具备了基本的电脑应用技能,但在计算机综合运用上仍有较大缺陷,表现在对专业软件认知不足,难以高效、规范地完成毕业论文写作。通过建设“计算机在高分子材料中的应用”课程,调整教学内容,创新实践教学方法,强化高分子专业学生计算机应用能力的培养,使学生满足时代的发展和社会的需求。     

《高分子化学》课程教学体会点滴

《高分子化学》课程是大部分材料类专业的必修课程,学生的学习兴趣和对课程内容的掌握程度,对后续的专业课学习影响很大。针对材料类专业《高分子化学》课程教学过程中的一些共性问题,如课程的重点与教学安排、课程主线及其所解决的问题、可控/"活性"自由基聚合的本质和对高分子学科发展的意义、配位聚合的内涵和教学重点以及经典高分子化学与高分子化学新发展之间的关系等,提出了了本人的见解,并就如何调动学生的学习积极性和提高教学质量介绍了本人的教学经验和进行了讨论。     

《高分子材料成型加工原理》课程教学方法探究

《高分子材料成型加工原理》是高分子材料与工程专业最重要的专业课程之一。但是仅凭课堂讲授很难让学生理解高分子材料加工工艺的过程及其原理,学生参与性差。针对学院的《高分子材料成型加工原理》课程特点,通过计算机在配方设计当中的应用、多媒体的应用、案例分析和学生互动交流相结合的教学方法加深学生对高分子材料加工过程及其原理等抽象概念的理解。授课方式既有理论讲解、又有实例演示,使课程教学更具实用性,激发学生的学习兴趣,培养学生分析问题、解决问题的能力,提高了高分子专业这门课程的教学效果。     

高分子物理研究生课堂教学改革与实践初探

《高分子物理》是高分子材料及相关专业的重点专业基础课,课程内容多、理论性强、抽象概念和数学推导繁多,且仍处于不断丰富和发展中,加上研究生生源质量差、课程相关基础知识储备严重欠缺等因素,致使教学面临严峻挑战。针对高分子物理研究生课程的特点及高等教育改革的需要,在对高分子物理研究生教学现状及存在问题分析的基础上,从教学内容、教学方法和教学手段等方面进行了改革与实践初探。结果发现,凝练课程教学主线、梳理各章教学内容可实现核心内容的重点讲授,避免重复,节省学时;在课堂教学中引入案例分析和Seminar讨论式教学模式有利于学生理论联系实际、紧跟学科发展前沿;加之多种教学手段的灵活应用,使高分子物理研究生课堂教学效果在有限学时内显著改善。     

《高分子物理》目标问题导向线上教学初探与实践

《高分子物理》(第5版)是高分子材料与工程专业本科生的核心课程,课程包含高分子和高聚物为对象的全部物理知识,内容多而杂,且要求学生具备良好的空间想象力和抽象的分析能力,因此,学生往往难以抓住重点,学习效果较差.本文结合线上教学和"举一反三"教学方式的特点,提出了目标问题为导向的教学模式,采用问题驱动-自由探讨-内容讲授...     

高效完成外专业高分子化学教学任务的思考与对策

在充分分析外专业学生的知识结构以及高分子化学知识体系的基础上,提出了一种以高分子化学实验为平台,课上教学与现场实践教学相结合,共同完成外专业高分子化学教学任务的新方法。教学实践结果表明该方法不但有效解决了外专业高分子化学课时少与课程教学内容多的矛盾,而且通过现场实践教学使学生在动手实践中充分体会到了高分子化学的理论知识在日常生活中的重要作用,做到了学与用相结合、理论与实践相结合、课上学习与课下学习相结合。该教研成果为高效完成外专业高分子化学教学任务提供了新思路。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.