多孔不锈钢载体上X型分子筛的生长成膜

 通过对X型分子筛合成方法的改进,获得了适合分子筛在多孔不锈钢载体上成长的条件．通过在不同孔径的多孔不锈钢载体上负载生长分子筛膜,研究了X型分子筛在多孔不锈钢载体上生长的规律,考察了晶化液配比、合成条件及晶化次数对分子筛负载量的影响,还考察了多孔载体的表面形貌及孔径大小对表面膜均匀连续性的影响等．     

二次生长法在多孔载体上制备X型分子筛膜

采用在多孔载体上预涂分子筛晶种及合成分子筛的前驱态溶胶液,再进行水热晶化合成Ｘ型分子筛膜,预涂液为０．２％～０．５％的中性县浮水溶液,预负载晶种的载体二次生长的条件是在９５℃下水热处理２４～９６ｈ,通过过晶化操作３～４次后,多孔相负载生长的分析筛膜厚为１０～２５ｕｍ,采用二次生长成膜法,减少晶化次数,从过晶化操作３～４次后,多孔载体上负载生长的分子筛膜对Ｈｅ和Ｎ２的渗透通量下降为载体渗透通量的１％     

催化裂化反应对1-己烯叠合反应的影响规律

分别以1,3,5-三异丙苯和正辛烷为不同分子尺寸催化裂解原料,以1-己烯为叠合原料,评估了合成的多级孔ZSM-5分子筛催化剂上催化裂化反应和烯烃叠合反应的耦合机制.模型化合物催化裂解反应结果表明,在合成的多级孔ZSM-5分子筛上不同尺寸分子裂解性能受到抑制,1,3,5-TIPB裂解能力下降,正辛烷裂解初始转化率由70％...     

澄清溶液体系二次生长法NaA型沸石膜的生长机制及膜厚的控制合成

用晶种涂层二次生长成膜法研究了在含水量不同的澄清溶液合成体系中NaA型沸石膜的生长及沸石膜厚度的控制合成.用SEM,TEM和XRD表征手段分析了沸石膜的形成过程和微结构.在载体表面不涂晶种而直接合成则不易形成连续沸石膜;用晶种涂层二次法可以很容易形成均匀的连续膜.合成液中水量的高低强烈影响沸石膜的生长速率、形成结构和膜的厚度.在高水量(水硅摩尔比为2000)的合成体系中沸石生长速率慢,膜主要通过晶种层中的晶粒长大,交织成膜,且膜只有一层结构;而在低水量(水硅摩尔比为750)的合成体系中沸石生长速率快,膜则通过晶种层表面晶粒向外生长、交织成膜,而膜具有两层结构.通过调变合成液的水量可有效地控制沸石膜层的厚度,并能制得非常均匀、连续的膜.     

基于压电陶瓷的A型分子筛膜合成与吸附性能

无铅压电陶瓷0.8Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-0.2K0.5Bi0.5TiO3表面采用化学改性预涂晶种作为基底,分别以微乳和澄清溶液法在基底上水热晶化合成了A型分子筛膜。通过XRD、SEM和FTIR对晶种及分子筛膜进行了表征,通过压电谐振法测量甲烷吸附性能。结果表明:微乳和澄清溶液法均合成单一A型分子筛相,1次合成分子筛膜的时间分别为6、9h,通过不同镀膜次数生成A型分子筛膜的形貌、膜厚不同。经A型分子筛膜修饰压电振子后,其对甲烷气体的灵敏度可分别达到59Hz/1%CH4、68Hz/1%CH4。     

高负载量丝光沸石/堇青石整体式催化剂的原位合成和表征

采用原位合成法制备了高负载量的丝光沸石/堇青石整体式催化剂，考察了晶种添加、晶化方式(静/动态)和投料硅铝比等因素的影响，通过称重计算了丝光沸石负载量，并结合XRD，SEM等表征手段对其结晶状况和形貌进行了分析。结果表明，原位合成可有效制备高负载量(最高可达47.4%)的丝光沸石/堇青石整体式催化剂。晶种添加有利于提高丝光沸石负载量。静态晶化负载量一般高于动态晶化，但动态晶化方式则有利于更高水硅比条件下丝光沸石的生成。投料硅铝比和晶化方式的协同作用，共同影响分子筛负载量和形貌。     

沸石分子筛及其负载型催化剂去除VOCs研究进展

挥发性有机物（VOCs）的排放对自然环境、人类健康产生了严重危害,吸附法和催化氧化法是治理VOCs的有效方法.沸石分子筛含有丰富的微孔,比表面积大,且含有较多的酸位点,具有一定的催化活性,十分适合作为催化剂载体材料,被广泛应用于分离、吸附及催化等领域.本文综述了不同沸石分子筛吸附去除及沸石基负载型催化剂催化氧化去除烷烃、芳香烃、醛类、酮类、酸类、酯类、醇类及氯代烃等VOCs的研究进展.分析表明,沸石吸附剂的孔道结构、硅铝比、表面物理化学性质,VOCs种类、极性、亲水性,对沸石分子筛吸附性能影响较大;沸石载体表面酸碱度,催化剂活性组分种类、分散性,VOCs种类等是影响负载型催化剂催化活性的重要因素;沸石载体和活性组分之间存在协同作用,赋予了负载型催化剂优异的催化活性.沸石负载贵金属催化剂对各类VOCs的催化氧化性能优于沸石负载金属氧化物催化剂,但贵金属价格昂贵,成本较高,通过合理设计多组分金属氧化物催化剂,可显著提高负载型催化剂的催化活性.此外,本文对沸石分子筛及其负载型催化剂去除VOCs的未来研究方向进行了展望.     

用亚微米级晶种涂层法合成NaA沸石膜及其结构表征

 在大孔α-Al2O3陶瓷管载体上,采用亚微米级晶种涂层法在澄清溶液体系中二次生长成膜,制备了NaA沸石膜. 采用TEM,SEM和XRD等手段对晶种、陶瓷载体及沸石膜的结构、晶体形貌和成膜情况进行了表征. 结果表明,合成晶种的晶粒呈立方体,颗粒小(约150 nm)而均匀,无杂晶,可作为晶种在载体上进行预涂. 载体的孔径大而不均匀,表面粗糙不平整,直接成膜则表面仅有较少的沸石晶粒沉积,不能连续成膜. 经亚微米级晶种涂层后,载体表面形成了一层均匀、光滑的晶种层(厚度为2～3 μm); 水热晶化成膜后,膜表面晶粒相互交织生长完好,无晶间隙,所得膜致密,连续,规整,清晰,无裂缺. 该法是一种制备沸石膜的好方法.     

二次生长法NaA沸石分子筛膜的合成与表征——推荐一个研究型综合实验

介绍一个研究型综合实验——二次生长法NaA沸石分子筛膜的合成与表征。实验预先利用热浸渍法在α-Al_2O_3多孔载体管外表面引入NaA沸石分子筛晶种,再通过二次生长法合成NaA沸石分子筛膜。用扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪表征载体管和NaA沸石分子筛及膜的形貌和结构,并利用渗透蒸发乙醇脱水膜分离装置测试膜的分离性能。通过本实验使学生了解膜分离技术这一科学前沿领域,激发学生对科学研究的兴趣,培养学生的科研探究能力。本实验涵盖合成、表征及性能测试,知识要点多、学科覆盖面广,有利于提升学生的实践操作能力、创新意识和综合运用知识的能力。     

修饰晶种法合成MFI型分子筛膜包覆的活性炭颗粒

由于分子筛膜的分离和催化作用, 分子筛膜包覆的传统催化剂颗粒可以实现高效的催化过程. 活性炭颗粒作为一种常用的催化剂载体, 由于其表面的憎水性和不平整, 在不规则活性炭颗粒表面直接水热合成包覆一层分子筛膜非常困难. 为了克服上述缺点, 本文采用一种勃姆石凝胶修饰的晶种法在活性炭颗粒表面合成连续的分子筛膜. 以勃姆石溶胶为前驱体, 在活性炭颗粒表面通过喷涂预先形成一层相对平整的勃姆石凝胶层以改善活性炭表面. 在随后的晶种涂覆过程中, 晶种分散液加入部分勃姆石溶胶为胶粘剂, 所得的晶种层覆盖载体完全, 与载体结合牢固, 无需焙烧处理. 将晶种涂覆后颗粒在旋转动态水热175℃处理6 h, 得到分子筛膜包覆的活性炭颗粒, 所得材料分别用X射线衍射和扫描电镜进行表征. 包覆的分子筛膜为MFI 结构, 厚度约为5μm. 对比实验表明, 没有勃姆石溶胶修饰的活性炭颗粒上不能成膜. 这种勃姆石凝胶修饰晶种法为在各种惰性载体上合成分子筛膜提供了便捷的方法.     

MEL分子筛膜不同取向生长的控制

采用晶种涂层的方法在单晶硅表面上制备了不同取向的MEL分子筛膜, 详细研究了膜的择优生长条件及其取向控制. 水含量和反应时间对膜的取向有较大影响. 在水含量较低的反应体系中, 缩短反应时间有利于得到(101)取向的分子筛膜. 水含量提高导致膜的取向发生变化, 由(101)取向变为(101)/(200)混合取向. 晶种层对膜的取向没有直接影响, 晶种层连续生长形成单层分子筛膜.     

多孔SiC陶瓷微孔道内合成Silicalite-2分子筛膜

榉木经高温热解转化为生物碳模板, 通过液相渗硅反应工艺制备了保持木材微观结构的多孔SiC陶瓷. 在生物形态多孔SiC陶瓷载体上采用原位沉积晶种-二次生长法在其微孔道内壁形成了一层5 μm厚的Silicalite-2分子筛膜. 利用XRD, SEM和BET对复合材料的相组成、微观结构和比表面积进行了表征, 研究了水热晶化温度对原位沉积晶种和二次生长成膜的影响. 经原位沉积(120 ℃, 36 h)晶种涂层后在载体孔道表面形成了一层球形颗粒堆积的连续晶种层, 经170 ℃, 36 h的二次生长, 晶种不断长大并交织生长形成连续致密单层分子筛膜. 在多孔SiC陶瓷微孔道中沿垂直于载体表面方向形成了一层对齐排列的Silicalite-2棒状晶体, 颗粒生长主要沿晶体的最长轴[101]方向进行. Silicalite-2/SiC复合孔结构材料的微孔体积为0.013 cm³/g, BET比表面积为43.2 m²/g, 而相应的分子筛负载量为9.5%.     

Hierarchical mesoporous zeolites: direct self-assembly synthesis in a conventional surfactant solution by kinetic control over the zeolite seed formation

By kinetic control over the zeolite seed formation, we report the direct fabrication of hierarchical mesoporous zeolites using hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as the soft template in a conventional solution route. Nanometer-sized, subnanocrystal-type zeolite seeds with a high degree of polymerization are essential to prevent the formation of a separate amorphous mesoporous phase and the phase separation between the mesophase and zeolite crystals in the presence of CTAB and a certain amount of ethanol. The mechanisms for the formation of hierarchically porous zeolites in the solution process, including the effect of mother liquid aging, formation of subnanocrystal zeolite seeds and their self-assembly effect with CTAB, and the role of ethanol are proposed and discussed in detail. The prepared mesoporous ZSM-5 zeolite showed much higher catalytic activity than conventional counterparts for aldol condensations involving large molecules, especially in the synthesis of vesidryl.     

Novel synthesis of FAU-type zeolite membrane with high performance

FAU-type zeolite membranes were synthesized by the vapor phase transformation (VPT) methods with or without prior seeding on the substrate, and it was revealed that the CO(2)/N(2) selectivity of the seeded membrane is greater than that of the unseeded membrane.     

Nanocomposite MFI-alumina membranes via pore-plugging synthesis: Genesis of the zeolite material

This paper presents a study of MFI-type zeolite crystal growth during hydrothermal synthesis of nanocomposite MFI-alumina membranes by the pore-plugging method, using the standard protocol described in a previous study [S. Miachon, E. Landrivon, M. Aouine, Y. Sun, I. Kumakiri, Y. Li, O. Pachtová Prokopová, N. Guilhaume, A. Giroir-Fendler, H. Mozzanega, J.-A. Dalmon, Nanocomposite MFI-alumina membranes via pore-plugging synthesis: specific transport and separation properties, J. Membr. Sci. 281 (2006) 228]. To this aim, the materials have been characterized by SEM, EDX, pure H2 gas permeance and n-butane/H2 mixture separation at different stages of the synthesis. The effect of synthesis time in the range of 4–89 h and the effect of a 9-h interruption after a 8-h hydrothermal synthesis have been surveyed, as well as the mean pore size and the alumina phase of the support inner layer. Our results suggest that an interruption during the synthesis is necessary to allow the zeolite precursor to diffuse into the support pores. This diffusion leads to a further growth of zeolite crystals into the support matrix without formation of a continuous zeolite film on top of the support, as is usually reported in the literature. The zeolite crystals are fully embedded into the support top layer after at least 53-h synthesis time, leading to high quality membranes in only one synthesis run. The nanocomposite MFI-alumina architecture at the nanoscale has important consequences in improving the gas separation performance of this kind of materials when compared to more conventional film-like structures. A method based on gas transport measurements has been used to determine the effective thickness of the separating material.     

Deposition of continuous silicalite-1 films on inorganic fibers

Silicalite-fiber composites were prepared by a new method for the synthesis of molecular sieve films. The method consists of two steps: in the first one, the surface charge of the support is reversed by treatment with a cationic polymer solution and a monolayer of negatively charged colloidal molecular sieve seed crystals is adsorbed on the surface. The second step consists of hydrothermal treatment of the support in a molecular sieve precursor solution resulting in the formation of a continuous film of molecular sieve. The method was applied to carbon, ZrO₂, Al₂O₃, mullite, ceramic and pyrex glass fibers. The crystallization of continuous silicalite-1 films on all types of fibers was confirmed by SEM, XRD, FTIR, DTA analyses and BET surface area measurements.     

Synthesis of mono- and bi-layer zeolite films on alumina substrates

Bilayer zeolite films ZSM-5/ZSM-5, ZSM-5/EMC-1 and NaY/ZSM-5 were synthesized on α-alumina plates. The bottom ZSM-5 or faujasite Y (NaY) zeolite layers were obtained by direct hydrothermal synthesis or by using a seeding step followed by a secondary growth method, respectively, while the secondary growth method was used for the synthesis of all the top zeolite layers. A complete characterization of the obtained materials is proposed using various techniques, such as X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray fluorescence and nitrogen sorption measurements. Continuous and highly crystallized bi-layer zeolite films with thicknesses around 11–18 μm were obtained.     

TEM investigation of formation mechanism of monocrystal-thick b-oriented pure silica zeolite MFI film

The first direct transmission electron microscopic (TEM) observation has been carried out on the continuous monocrystal-thick b-oriented pure silica zeolite MFI films produced by in situ crystallization. The self-supporting film samples for TEM study were fabricated by dissolving the steel substrate with acid. This TEM study is free of those artifacts that are typically associated with TEM sample preparations, and allows us to investigate the "true" structure and texture of a very large area of the film and at the same time to focus at will on each individual zeolite crystal in the film. Abundant TEM information including crystallographic orientation relationships among crystals in the film (both out-of-plane and in-plane), grain boundaries, and each crystal grain was obtained. This TEM investigation provides direct unambiguous new evidence to support the homogeneous nucleation mechanism, by which the films form through homogeneous nucleation and crystal growth in the bulk to form equal-sized disk-shape crystals, followed by self-assembly of these crystals onto the substrate to produce a two-dimensional close-packed structure. The last stage of the film formation involves simultaneous space-limited growth and rotation of the individual crystals to realize the in-plane crystallographic control within the film.     

微波固相法制备ZnCl2/NaY催化剂ZnCl2/NaY在月桂烯Diels-Alder反应中的催化性能

比较了微波固相法、普通加热法和简单混合法制备的ZnCl2/NaY及溶液离子交换法制备的ZnNaY在月桂烯与丙烯醛Diels-Alder反应中的催化性能,发现微波固相法制备的催化剂表现出最高的环加成选择性和区域选择性.通过对微波固相法制备的催化剂中ZnCl2负载量的考察,揭示了微波诱导ZnCl2在NaY分子筛表面形成了不同催化活性中心的特点,分散在分子筛表面的ZnCl2具有更高的催化活性和区域选择性.微波辐射可成功地将ZnCl2固载于NaY分子筛中,当ZnCl2负载量为6.3%时,ZnCl2与NaY分子筛主要发生固态离子交换反应;当ZnCl2负载量达25%时,催化活性提高了3倍,区域选择性提高了1倍以上.而且,以微波固相法制备的ZnCl2/NaY催化剂,其环加成选择性和区域选择性随反应温度的升高而下降.     

Preparation of a Completely Oriented Molecular Sieve Membrane

Growth of oriented seed crystals on a substrate led to a completely oriented and continuous membrane of LTA-type zeolite. The seed crystals of cubic morphology were dip-coated onto a tilted substrate (see schematic diagram) with the zeolite channels normal to the surface. The substrate was hydrothermally treated in a reaction mixture containing the organic ligand 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,2',2"-nitrilotriethanol, which lowers the degree of supersaturation of [Al(OH)(4)](-) ions and preferentially facilitates the intergrowth of the seed crystals.