钇离子注入对不锈钢耐水溶液腐蚀改性研究

用电化学测量和表面分析方法研究了钇离子注入对３０４Ｌ奥氏体不锈钢耐水溶液腐蚀改性作用。结果表明，在适当的注入剂量下，注入试样在０．５ｍｏｌ／ＬＨ２ＳＯ４、０．６ｍｏｌ／ＬＮａＣｌ水溶液中的自腐蚀电位正移，自腐蚀电流密度下降至原来的１／４～１／６，击穿电位上升３０～５０ｍＶ。通过离于注入方式添加的钇以过饱和固溶形式均匀分布在不锈钢表面。试样表面层内Ｃｒ／Ｆｅ比值增加，含氧层厚度也增加。钇对不锈钢耐水溶液腐蚀改性主要是通过表面合金化和改变不锈钢表面层成分实现的。研究表明，注入剂量的变化对材料的改性效果具有一定的影响。     

环氧树脂的共混增韧改性研究

环氧树脂是一热固性树脂，固化后的环氧树脂的韧性较差，针对这一不足，详细介绍近几年来有关环氧树脂共混增韧改性的一些新的方法。     

ENR-25改性CaCO3填充LDPE的复合材料的研究

用环氧程度为25％的环氧化天然橡胶（ENR－25）改性轻质CaCO3。研究了改性方法，改性剂用量，CaCO3填充量对低密度聚乙烯（LDPE）材料与性能的影响。结果表明，7．5％的ENR－25湿法改性有效地改善了CaCO2在LDPE中的分散性及相容性，增强了界面作用强度，使材料在拉伸强度保持较高的情况下，拉伸弹性模量，撕裂强度和断裂伸长率得到有效的提高。     

水溶性聚合物改性水泥的研究：Ⅱ.水溶性聚合物对水泥水化过程的 …

从聚合物改性水泥的水化速率，水化热及水化生成物三方面讨论了聚合物对水泥水化的影响。水泥溶液ｐＨ值和电导率及水泥凝结时间的研究结果表明，非离子聚合物聚丙烯酰胺，聚乙烯醇减慢水泥的初期水化，具有缓凝作用，而阴离子聚合物水解聚丙烯酰胺，聚丙烯酸，磺化聚丙烯酰胺及磺化聚苯乙烯则加速水泥的初期水化，具有促凝作用；     

含环氧基的丙烯酸酯共聚物改性环氧树脂

合成了一系列含环氧基团的丙烯酸酯聚合物（ＨＧＭＢ），并对其改性环氧树脂／４，４‘－二氨基二苯基甲烷的抗冲性能，动态力学行为进行了考察，结果表明：当必性体系中加入质量分数为１５％的ＨＧＭＢ（甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、甲基丙烯酸羟乙基酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸丁酯的摩尔分数分别为４．３％、５％、２５．７％、６５％）时，与空白体系相比，改性体系的冲击强度提高５０％，且玻璃化有所提高，模量没有降低。     

氨基改性聚醚硅油的合成、结构表征及应用

在Pt催化剂的作用下，利用含氢硅油与烯丙基缩水甘油醚、烯丙基聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚的硅氢化加成反应合成聚醚／环氧硅油中间体，然后分别用吗啉、乙二胺、N,N-二甲基丙二胺、N-氨乙基哌嗪等氨解开环，制得了一系列氨烃基改性聚醚硅油AMPES，对其进行了结构表征和应用。结果表明：增加含氢硅油的数均分子量，提高硅含量，可改善AMPES的柔软性，而对织物的吸湿性影响不大。     

氯硅烷改性对Y沸石结构的影响

用２９Ｓｉ，２７ＡｌＭＡＳＮＭＲ，ＸＲＤ及化学分析法研究了氯硅烷改性Ｙ沸石的结构及组成变化，结果表明改性过程伴有脱铝和补硅作用，并同时有大量非骨架铝碎片形成．非骨架铝有两类，一类是２７ＡｌＭＡＳＮＭＲ可测的，另一类是不可测的．改性沸石的酸性可能来源于非骨架铝碎片．对各催化剂上甲苯歧化反应的考察表明，由于改性沸石酸度适中，是较ＨＹ沸石优良的催化剂．     

水溶性聚合物改性水泥的研究：I.水溶性聚合物改进水泥流动性

制备了水解聚丙烯酰胺（ＨＰＡＭ）、磺甲基化聚丙烯酰胺（ＳＰＡＭ）及磺化聚苯乙烯（ＳＰＳ）等几种水溶性聚合物。研究了水溶性聚合物的种类、阴离子度、分子量、表面活性、掺量、ｐＨ值等因素对水泥净浆流动性的影响。结果表明阴离子聚合物及适中的阴离子度、分子量、掺量、ｐＨ值有利于水泥的分数，从而改善水泥的流动性。聚合物的电荷保护作用是影响水溶性聚合物改性水泥分散的主要因素。提出了聚合物分散水泥粒子与分子链性质     

水溶性聚合物和两亲聚合物：聚（丙烯酰胺－co－丙烯酸钠）－g－聚（β－胺基丙酸）接枝共聚物

合成了端丙烯酰胺基聚（β－胺基丙酸）大分子单体，用端基滴定法和１Ｈ－ＮＭＲ法测定了大分子单体的分子量，用＾１＾３Ｃ－ＭＮＲ和氢氧化钠水解法测定了支化度，在水溶液中用硫酸亚铁／异丙苯过氧化氢氧化还原引发体系引发丙烯酰胺，丙烯酸钠与聚（β－胺基丙酸）大分子单体的共聚反应，合成了聚（丙烯酰胺－ｃｏ－丙烯酸钠）－ｇ－聚（β－胺基丙酸）用１Ｈ－ＮＭＲ和滴定法测定了接枝共聚物的组成。溶液性质的数据表明，与部分     

用微电泳法研究改性硅藻土的表面性质

本文研究了浙江、吉林助熔土以及经有机胺、聚醇、有机阳离子、有机官能团和金属离子等改性的吉林助熔土的ζ电位-pH曲线，测定了它们的等电点。研究发现硅藻土表面经不同有机官能团和金属离子处理后，其等电点值及尿激酶吸附量等表面性质发生了明显变化。     

Catalysis Conversion Methane into C2 Hydrocarbons via Electric Field Enhanced Plasma

In this paper the effect of catalyst and carrier in electric field enhanced plasma on methane conversion into C2 hydrocarbons was investigated. Methane coupling reaction was studied in the system of continuous flow reactor on Ni, MoO3, MnO2 catalysts and different ZSM-5 carriers. The per pass conversion of methane can be as high as 22%, the selectivity of ethylene can be as high as 23.8%, of acetylene 60.8%, of ethane 5.4% and of total C2 hydrocarbons was more than 90%. ZSM-5-25 was the better carrier and MnO2 was the better active component. The efficiency of energy was as high as 7.81%.     

Analysis of amine compounds by capillary gas chromatography using ammonia–helium carrier gas

The use of 10%, 1%, and 0.1% ammonia in helium as carrier gas was investigated as a means of improving poor chromatographic peak shape often associated with low level determinations of amine compounds using thin film capillary columns. The 1% ammonia in helium was found suitable for improving the peak shape of sterically unhindered amine compounds, such as urethane and certain aliphatic primary amines, during gas chromatographic analysis on thin film columns. There was a negligible effect on the peak tailing arising on thick film columns. The 0.1% ammonia in helium was suitable, but not as efficient as the 1% ammonia in helium, in eliminating the peak tailing associated with low level analysis of amine compounds. The signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio improved from < 1 using helium carrier gas to 20–25 (for certain test amine compounds) using 1% ammonia in carrier gas. The 10% ammonia in helium carrier gas had an effect on the chromatographic performance similar to that of the 1% ammonia in helium, but the baseline level was very high and this mixture was not used in further studies.     

柠檬醛及中间体的合成

以异戊烯醛和异戊烯醇为原料,经异戊烯酸催化缩醛化反应得到3-甲基-2-丁烯醛二异戊烯基缩醛,再经磷酸二氢铵催化消除反应得到顺/反-异戊二烯基-3-甲基丁二烯醚,并进一步热重排获得柠檬醛。研究了缩醛化反应条件和消除反应条件对转化率的影响。结果表明,以0.3%异戊烯酸为酸性催化剂,70～75℃共沸脱水反应8 h,异戊烯醛的单程转化率达到63%～64%,处理后可得含量为97.5%的3-甲基-2-丁烯醛二异戊烯基缩醛,收率96.8%;以0.2%～0.5%磷酸二氢铵为催化剂,100～130℃,2.66 kPa下反应并及时将反应产物蒸出,处理后得到含量为95.9%的顺/反-异戊二烯基-3-甲基丁二烯醚,收率97.0%。顺/反-异戊二烯基-3-甲基丁二烯醚在120～130℃重排反应1 h,其反应产物柠檬醛含量97.5%,收率90.2%。     

铌酸催化的苯甲醛与甲醇缩合反应

采用铌酸为催化剂,探索了该催化剂对苯甲醛与甲醇缩合反应的影响.优化反应条件是,催化剂用量为反应物质的量的5mol%,甲醇10mL(兼作溶剂),回流状态下反应2h,反应的产率和转化率分别达到94%、98.0%.该催化剂同样适用于其他醛(酮)与甲醇的缩合反应,可得到34%～89%的产率.所述方法操作简单、产率高、选择性好而且对环境友好,反应结束后,催化剂很容易回收,并能有效重复使用.     

Essential oil composition and antiradical activity of the oil of Iraq plants

This study examined the antiradical activity and chemical composition of essential oils of some plants grown in Mosul, Iraq. The essential oils of myrtle and parsley seed contained α-pinene (36.08% and 22.89%, respectively) as main constituents. Trans-Anethole was the major compound found in fennel and aniseed oils (66.98% and 93.51%, respectively). The dominant constituent of celery seed oil was limonene (76.63%). Diallyl disulphide was identified as the major component in garlic oil (36.51%). Antiradical activity was higher in garlic oil (76.63%) and lower in myrtle oil (39.23%). The results may suggest that some essential oils from Iraq possess compounds with antiradical activity, and these oils can be used as natural antioxidants in food applications.     

Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of ethyl hexanoate using heterogeneous catalyst: Optimization using Box-Behnken design

Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of ethyl hexanoate was studied in a solvent-free system using Amberlyst-15 as a heterogeneous catalyst. The effect of reaction parameters was evaluated by employing Box Behnken Design. Maximum conversion was obtained as 83.9% experimentally with operating temperature 60 °C, ethanol to hexanoic acid molar ratio as 3, 60% duty cycle, 11% catalyst loading, 10% molecular sieves, and 80 W input power which were optimized through one parameter at a time. The optimal conditions for maximum 86.66% conversion obtained by Box Behnken Design operated in Response Surface Methodology were 62.8 °C temperature, 3.31 ethanol to hexanoic acid molar ratio, and 51.58% duty cycle. The absence of external mass transfer resistances was proved by evaluating Mear's criterion. Thiele modulus and effectiveness factor were determined to study the influence of internal mass transfer resistance qualitatively. The kinetics of the heterogeneous reaction was modeled using Langmuir-Hinshelwood model. The activation energy was calculated as 24.61 kJ/mol.     

3-二甲胺基-N,N-二甲基丙酰胺的合成及表征

以甲醇钠为催化剂,甲醇为溶剂,丙烯酸甲酯和二甲胺为原料合成了3-二甲胺基-N,N-二甲基丙酰胺(DMDMAA).该方法的适宜工艺条件为:催化剂用量为丙烯酸甲酯质量的2.8%,反应温度为20~30℃,甲醇占初始反应液体积的50%.在此条件下,产品收率为62.8%,纯度达99.5%以上.通过红外光谱和质谱对其结构进行了表征.     

甲基乙烯基亚砜的合成

含亚砜基功能高分子可用作高分子药物载体,高分子螯合剂,高分子催化剂及气体分离膜材料等,近年来已引起各国学者的兴     

气相色谱法测定化妆品中的 VE 含量

介绍了一种用气相色谱法准确快速测定品中ＶＥ２含量的新方法。该法以ＶＣ作保护剂,用环已烷提取样品,ＳＥＰ－ＰＡＫ ＡＬＵＭ－Ａ小柱净化。以氯氰菊酯内标物,在１？５％ＯＶ＝－１７色谱柱上进行分离,测定化妆口中ＶＥ含量。内标物与样品的分离度为１．５５。平均回收纺为９４．３％～９８．８％,相对标准偏差为１．７％～３．５％（ｎ＝５）。     

Characterization of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Opuntia ficus indica</Emphasis> seed oil from Tunisia

The lipid fraction of Opuntia ficus indica seeds was extracted and analyzed for its chemical and physical properties such as acid value, free fatty acid percentage (% FFA), iodine index, peroxide value, and saponification value as well as refractive index and density. The yield of seed oil was calculated as 11.75%. The acid and free fatty acid values indicated that the oil has a fairly low acidity. The triacylglycerols, fatty acids, sterols, and tocopherols were identified and their concentrations determined. The main TAGs were LLL (25.60%), OLL (21.53%), PLL (15.53%), and POL + SLL (12.73%). Linoleic acid (60.69%) was the dominant fatty acid, followed by oleic (21.42%) and palmitic (12.76%) acids, respectively. A high level of sterols making up 16.06 g/kg seed oil was present. The sterol marker, β-sitosterol, accounted for 71.60% of the total sterol content in the seed oil. Among the tocopherols present in the oil, γ-tocopherol (421.08 mg/kg) was the main constituent.