烷基链封端的两亲性超支化聚缩水甘油的合成及自组装

通过阳离子开环聚合和端基改性的方法合成了以亲水性超支化聚缩水甘油为核和疏水性十六烷基链为臂的两亲性超支化多臂共聚物(HPG-g-C16),研究了十六烷基疏水臂的接枝率对该两亲性聚合物在溶剂中自组装行为的影响.结果表明:接枝率45%以上的HPG-g-C16在四氢呋喃(THF)中以单分子胶束的形式存在,在THF与水的混合溶剂中会自组装形成尺寸为1～10 μm的巨型囊泡,而接枝率为15% 的HPG-g-C16能直接在水中自组装形成球形胶束.     

超支化聚乙烯亚胺-聚天冬氨酸苄酯共聚物的制备及性能

以超支化聚合物聚乙烯亚胺为引发剂, 天冬氨酸苄酯-NCA为单体, 利用热开环聚合法合成了超支化聚乙烯亚胺-聚天冬氨酸苄酯共聚物(PEI-PBLA). 用核磁共振波谱对PEI-PBLA的化学结构进行了表征. 研究了PEI-PBLA在水溶液及有机溶液中的自组装行为. 以芘为荧光探针测定了共聚物在水中形成胶束的临界胶束浓度. 以甲基橙为客体分子, 研究了共聚物胶束的包覆能力, 结果表明, 共聚物对客体分子的吸附与溶液的pH值有关. 研究了共聚物与质粒DNA的复合发现, PEI-PBLA能够很好地与质粒DNA复合, 并且可以避免DNA酶的降解, 对其起到一定的保护作用. 此聚合物在药物传输、可控释放及基因载体等方面都有着潜在的应用价值.     

两亲性ABA三嵌段共聚物的合成及其自组装行为研究

用Grubbs第二代催化剂引发降冰片烯类单体(NBEDE)和链转移剂在离子液体[bmim][BF4]中的开环易位聚合(ROMP)反应,反应体系保持均相,无聚合物析出,得到两端为叔溴的遥爪型官能化聚合物(Br-PNBEDE-Br).以Br-PNBEDE-Br作为大分子引发剂,在离子液体介质中引发甲基丙烯酸2-(二甲氨基)乙酯(DMAEMA)的原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP),制得分子量分布较窄的两亲性三嵌段共聚物(PDMAEMA-PNBEDE-PDMAEMA).利用动态激光光散射(DLS),原子力显微镜(AFM),透射电镜(TEM)等技术,考察嵌段共聚物在选择性溶剂/共溶剂(H2O/THF)中的胶束行为,以及溶液pH值对胶束的影响.结果表明,TEM观察到胶束为球形,由于TEM和AFM是在干态下测得胶束的粒径,而DLS是在溶液中测定胶束的流体力学直径,所以TEM和AFM得到的胶束粒径小于DLS的结果.不同pH值对胶束尺寸大小有明显的影响,胶束微粒随着pH值的增大而增大.     

多重响应性超支化星形聚合物的合成与组装以及控制释放研究

含二硫键的自引发单体与2-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)乙基甲基丙烯酸酯(MEO₂MA)进行自缩合乙烯基共聚合得到超支化PMEO₂MA(H-PMEO₂MA). 以它作大分子引发剂, 引发二甲氨基乙基甲基丙烯酸酯(DMAEMA)进行原子转移自由基聚合, 合成了具有温度、pH以及氧化还原多重响应性的超支化星形聚合物H-PMEO₂MA-star-PDMAEMA. 证明了H-PMEO₂MA有低临界溶液温度(LCST); 研究了PDMAEMA 链段的长度和溶液的pH值对超支化星形聚合物的LCST的影响. 当H-PMEO₂MA-star-PDMAEMA水溶液温度从2 ℃升高至室温, H-PMEO₂MA变成疏水性而发生聚集, 形成以H-PMEO₂MA为核, PDMAEMA为壳的胶束. 在胶束形成过程中, 将尼罗红装载到这种聚合物胶束中, 形成释药系统, 研究了pH、氧化还原响应性释药性能.     

用ATRP法构筑核壳型梯度极性的多羟基多臂星状超支化聚合物及聚合物刷——三层聚合物刷的合成与表征

设计并通过原子转移自由基聚合方法 (ATRP)合成了核壳型具有梯度极性的多羟基多臂星状聚合物刷 .端羟基超支化聚 (3 乙基 3 羟甲基氧杂环丁烷 )与 2 溴 异丁基酰溴反应制得大分子引发剂 (HP Br) ,以Cu(I)Br和N ,N ,N′ ,N′ ,N″ 五甲基二乙基三胺 (PMDETA)为催化体系 ,进行甲基丙烯酸甲酯 (MMA)的ATRP反应 ,得到以甲基丙烯酸甲酯为臂的多臂星状超支化聚合物 (HP g PMMA) .又以HP g PMMA为引发剂 ,进行甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯 (HEMA)的ATRP聚合 ,得到核壳型具有梯度极性的多羟基多臂星状超支化聚合物 (HP g PMMA b PHEMA) ,继续将其羟基官能团溴代化 (与 2 溴 异丁基酰溴反应 ) ,引发HEMA的ATRP溶液聚合 ,得到了多臂星状超支化聚合物刷 .产物的结构用1 H NMR、FTIR、GPC等进行了表征和测试 .     

具有四重氢键识别基元的超支化聚合物

在羟基/异氰酸酯基官能团比4∶1的条件下,通过超支化聚合物Boltorn H20(HPE)与Upy(ureidopyrimidinone)的反应,合成了带有四重氢键单元的改性超支化聚合物HPE-1.采用核磁共振仪及红外分析仪测定了HPE-1的结构.由于分子间强的相互作用,HPE-1在熔融状态下可拉丝,而HPE不能.由于分子中含有亲水的羟基和疏水的Upy基元,HPE-1在水中能够自组装成球状聚集体.在酸性溶液中聚集体变大,而在碱性溶液中聚集体破坏,这为制备敏感性材料提供了途径.     

含香豆素基团超支化星形聚合物的合成与表征

设计并合成了含有香豆素基团的自引发单体, 与2-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)乙基甲基丙烯酸酯(MEO₂MA)进行自缩合乙烯基共聚合后得到超支化聚合物H-PMEO₂MA. 以其作为大分子引发剂, 进行二甲氨基乙基甲基丙烯酸酯(DMAEMA)的原子转移自由基聚合, 合成了具有温度响应性的超支化星形聚合物H-PMEO₂MA-star-PDMAEMA. 将此超支化星形聚合物在水中自组装成胶束后, 利用支化点处香豆素基团的光二聚性能, 在λ=320 nm的紫外光照射下进行香豆素间的光交联反应, 形成核交联胶束. 此核交联胶束在254 nm紫外光照射下则会发生解交联反应. 采用尼罗红作为模型药物, 将其装载到超支化星形聚合物胶束中, 研究了不同条件下的药物释放行为.     

超支化分子桥联受阻酚抗氧化剂的合成与表征

以正十八胺为核的1.0代超支化大分子和β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酰氯为原料,通过酰胺化缩合反应,合成了一种具有长链烷基和2个受阻酚基团的新型超支化分子桥联受阻酚类抗氧化剂.通过正交实验确定了超支化分子桥联受阻酚类抗氧化剂的最佳合成体系为:3,5-丙酰氯为酰化剂、K_2CO_3为缚酸剂、苯和水为反应溶剂.通过条件优化实验确定了超支化分子桥联受阻酚类抗氧化剂的最佳合成条件为:3,5-丙酰氯与1.0代超支化大分子的物质的量比为6∶1、反应温度为25 ℃、反应时间为12 h、体系苯与水体积比为6∶1、3,5-丙酰氯与缚酸剂K_2CO_3的物质的量比为1∶1,在此条件下,超支化分子桥联受阻酚类抗氧化剂的收率高达75.5%.FT-IR和1H NMR证实了合成抗氧化剂的化学结构与其理论结构相符.超支化分子桥联受阻酚类抗氧化剂在聚乙烯树脂中的抗氧化性能优于抗氧化剂1076,且随着烷基链长度的增加,抗氧化性能增强.     

用ATRP法构筑核壳型梯度极性的多羟基多臂星状超支化聚合物及聚合物刷——双层聚合物刷的合成与表征

设计并通过原子转移自由基聚合方法 (ATRP)合成了核壳型多羟基多臂星状超支化聚合物刷 .以 2 溴异丁基酰溴封端的超支化聚 (3 乙基 3 羟甲基氧杂环丁烷 ) (HP Br)作为大分子引发剂 ,采用Cu(I)Br和N ,N ,N′ ,N′ ,N″ 五甲基二乙基三胺 (PMDETA)催化体系 ,在丁酮与丙醇的混和溶液中 ,通过甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEMA)的ATRP溶液聚合 ,得到了一系列含有大量羟基的多臂星状超支化聚合物刷 (HP g PHEMA) ,并考察了其羟基的活性 ,发现羟基还可以与苯甲酰氯发生反应 .产物的结构和热性能用1 H NMR、FTIR、GPC、TGA、DSC等进行了表征和测试 .     

三维宏观网络状囊泡薄膜的分级自组装研究

分别合成以疏水性超支化聚醚(HBPO)为核,以亲水性聚环氧乙烷(EO)和聚甲基丙烯酸N,N-二甲氨基乙酯(DMAEMA)为臂的两亲性超支化多臂共聚物HBPO-star-PEO和HBPO-star-PDMAEMA.通过两者在水溶液中的复合自组装制备得到具有pH响应性的巨型聚合物囊泡(1~10μm),并用zeta电位仪,激光共聚焦显微镜及光学显微镜对囊泡的自组装行为进行了研究.结果表明,在等电点以前,复合囊泡始终以单个囊泡形式存在;随着溶液pH的升高,囊泡逐步线型缔合成串珠结构;在更高的pH下,囊泡进一步二次聚集形成具有宏观尺度的三维蜘蛛网状超分子结构,这是一类新的自组装体.     

Structural evolution of mixed micelles due to interchain complexation and segregation investigated by laser light scattering

Polystyrene-b-poly(acrylic acid) (PS-b-PAA) diblock copolymers form micelles in toluene with PAA as the core and PS as the corona. The introduction of poly(methyl methacrylate)-b-poly(ethylene oxide) (PMMA-b-PEO) solution in toluene leads to mixed micelles due to the hydrogen-bonding complexation between PAA and PEO. By using a combination of static and dynamic laser light scattering, we have investigated the evolution of the mixed micelles. Our results revealed that the complexation between PAA and PEO in the core and the segregation between PS and PMMA in the corona as a function of the molar ratio (r) of PEO to PAA manipulate the evolution. At r < approximately 1.0, the mixed micelles hold a spherical structure after a long-time standing. However, at r > approximately 1.0, the average radius of gyration Rg, the average hydrodynamic radius , and the ratio / of the mixed micelles increase with time, whereas the molar mass (Mw) does not change. The facts indicate that the mixed micelle has evolved from a spherical structure to a hyperbranched structure.     

聚丙烯酸环境响应行为的研究

采用介观动力学分子模拟(Mesodyn)和耗散颗粒动力学(DPD)分子模拟与流变等实验技术相结合的方法, 研究了pH/无机盐敏感聚合物聚丙烯酸PAA在水溶液中的环境响应行为, 考察了聚合物浓度、溶液离子强度、聚合物表面电荷对PAA相行为的影响. 实验结论与模拟结果符合得很好, 对照分析给出了聚丙烯酸的环境响应机制, 为设计和应用环境敏感的智能体系提供指导和理论依据.     

pH-Induced antireflection coatings derived from hydrogen-bonding-directed multilayer films

Hydrogen-bonding-directed layer-by-layer assembled films, based on polystyrene-block-poly(acrylic acid) (PS-b-PAA) block copolymer micelles and poly(4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP), were successfully fabricated in methanol. Varying the PAA content in the PS-b-PAA micelles afforded control over the film growth properties, especially the multilayer film thickness. Interestingly, antireflection films with refractive indices that could be tuned between 1.58 and 1.28 were obtained by treatment with an aqueous HCl solution (pH 2.27), and the transmittance obtained was as high as 98.4%. In acid solution, the pyridine group was protonated, destroying the hydrogen bonding between P4VP and PAA. A concomitant pH-induced polymer reorganization in the multilayers resulted in a porous honeycomb-like texture on the substrate.     

Hollow capsules formed in a single stage via interfacial hydrogen-bonded complexation of methylcellulose with poly(acrylic acid) and tannic acid

Hollow capsules can be prepared in a single stage by the interfacial complexation of methylcellulose (MC) with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) or tannic acid (TA) via hydrogen bonding in aqueous solutions. The formation of capsules is observed when viscous solution of methylcellulose is added drop-wise to diluted solutions of polyacids under acidic conditions. The optimal parameters such as polymer concentration and solution pH for the formation of these capsules were established in this work. It was found that tannic acid forms capsules in a broader range of concentrations and pHs compared to poly(acrylic acid). The TA/MC capsules exhibited better stability compared to PAA/MC in response to increase in pH: the dissolution of TA/MC capsules observed at pH > 9.5; whereas PAA/MC capsules dissolved at pH > 3.8. The interfacial complexation can be considered as a potential single stage alternative to the formation of capsules using multistage layer-by-layer deposition method.     

Temperature responsive complex coacervate core micelles with a PEO and PNIPAAm corona

In aqueous solutions at room temperature, poly( N-methyl-2-vinyl pyridinium iodide)- block-poly(ethylene oxide), P2MVP 38- b-PEO 211 and poly(acrylic acid)- block-poly(isopropyl acrylamide), PAA 55- b-PNIPAAm 88 spontaneously coassemble into micelles, consisting of a mixed P2MVP/PAA polyelectrolyte core and a PEO/PNIPAAm corona. These so-called complex coacervate core micelles (C3Ms), also known as polyion complex (PIC) micelles, block ionomer complexes (BIC), and interpolyelectrolyte complexes (IPEC), respond to changes in solution pH and ionic strength as their micellization is electrostatically driven. Furthermore, the PNIPAAm segments ensure temperature responsiveness as they exhibit lower critical solution temperature (LCST) behavior. Light scattering, two-dimensional 1H NMR nuclear Overhauser effect spectrometry, and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy experiments were carried out to investigate micellar structure and solution behavior at 1 mM NaNO 3, T = 25, and 60 degrees C, that is, below and above the LCST of approximately 32 degrees C. At T = 25 degrees C, C3Ms were observed for 7 < pH < 12 and NaNO 3 concentrations below approximately 105 mM. The PEO and PNIPAAm chains appear to be (randomly) mixed within the micellar corona. At T = 60 degrees C, onion-like complexes are formed, consisting of a PNIPAAm inner core, a mixed P2MVP/PAA complex coacervate shell, and a PEO corona.     

Self‐assembly of thermo‐ and pH‐responsive poly(acrylic acid)‐b‐poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) micelles for drug delivery

Self‐assembled thermo‐ and pH‐responsive poly(acrylic acid)‐b‐poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PAA‐b‐PNIPAM) micelles for entrapment and release of doxorubicin (DOX) was described. Block copolymer PAA‐b‐PNIPAM associated into core‐shell micelles in aqueous solution with collapsed PNIPAM block or protonated PAA block as the core on changing temperature or pH. Complexation of DOX with PAA‐b‐PNIPAM triggered by the electrostatic interaction and release of DOX from the complexes due to the changing of pH or temperature were studied. Complex micelles incorporated with DOX exhibited pH‐responsive and thermoresponsive drug release profile. The release of DOX from micelles was suppressed at pH 7.2 and accelerated at pH 4.0 due to the protonation of carboxyl groups. Furthermore, the cumulative release of DOX from complex micelles was enhanced around LCST ascribed to the structure deformation of the micelles. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 5028–5035, 2008     

Morphological transformation of [60]fullerene-containing poly(acrylic acid) induced by the binding of surfactant

Water-soluble pH-responsive [60]fullerene end-capped poly(acrylic acid) (PAA85-b-C60) was synthesized using atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) technique. The unusual morphological transformation of the polymer induced by the binding of nonionic surfactant Triton X-100 (TX100) at different degrees of neutralization (alpha) was investigated using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), UV-vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). For the 5 mM (monomer concentration) polymer solution at pH < 4, approximately 1.3 mM TX100 binds specifically to C60 domains of the polymeric micelles driven by hydrophobic interaction, which induces a structural transformation of the polymer from a large compound micelle with a radius of 110 nm to a dense precipitated spherical polymer/surfactant complex (PSC) with a radius of 500 nm. The precipitates are resolubilized by a wetting layer of TX100 in excess surfactant (> 1.7 mM in the polymer solution). The binding is significantly weakened and the complexation is disrupted with increasing pH, where the interaction completely ceased at pH > 6.     

Double‐hydrophilic block copolymer for encapsulation and two‐way pH change‐induced release of metalloporphyrins

A double hydrophilic block copolymer composed of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and poly(4‐vinyl pyridine) (P4VP) was obtained through hydrolysis of diblock copolymer of poly(tert‐butyl acrylate) (PtBA) and P4VP synthesized using atom transfer radical polymerization. Water‐soluble micelles with PAA core and P4VP corona were observed at low (acidic) pH, while micelles with P4VP core and PAA corona were formed at high (basic) pH. Two metalloporphyrins, zinc tetraphenylporphyrin (ZnTPP) and cobalt tetraphenylporphyrin (CoTPP), were used as model compounds to investigate the encapsulation of hydrophobic molecules by both types of micelles. UV–vis spectroscopic measurements indicate that micelles with P4VP core are able to entrap more ZnTPP and CoTPP as a result of the axial coordination between the transition metals and the pyridine groups. The study found that metalloporphyrins encapsulated by the micelles with PAA core could be released on pH increase, while those entrapped by the micelles with P4VP core could be released on pH decrease. This behavior originates from the two‐way pH change‐induced disruption of PAA‐b‐P4VP micelles. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 1734–1744, 2006     

聚丙烯酸-b-聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)嵌段共聚物的合成及其温度和pH值敏感性自组装研究

通过原子转移自由基聚合方法, 在丁酮/异丙醇混合溶剂中合成了分子量可控和分布较窄的聚丙烯酸叔丁酯-b-聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(PtBA-b-PNIPAM)嵌段共聚物, 用GPC和 1 H NMR对其结构进行了表征. PtBA-b-PNIPAM在甲苯中水解得到聚丙烯酸-b-聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(PAA-b-PNIPAM). 用动态光散射技术对PAA-b-PNIPAM在水溶液中的自组装行为随pH值和温度变化的响应进行了初步研究.     

pH-responsive self-assembly of carboxyl-terminated hyperbranched polymers

This work has presented a typical example to reveal the great influence of the terminal groups on the self-assembly of hyperbranched polymers. The hyperbranched polymers with hydroxyl terminal groups (HBPO-OH) were hydrophobic and precipitated in water, however, they displayed a pH-responsive self-assembly behavior when the terminal groups were replaced by carboxyl groups. The obtained carboxyl-terminated hyperbranched polymers (HBPO-COOH) existed as unimolecular micelles at high pH (12.21) due to the ionization of carboxyl groups, while the polymers aggregated into multimolecular micelles from 10 to 500 nm with the decrease of pH as a result of the partial protonation of the carboxyl groups. The size of the obtained micelles depended strongly on the solution pH - the lower the pH, the bigger the micelles. TEM, DLS, ATR-FT-IR, (1)H NMR and AFM measurements substantiated that the multimolecular micelles were formed by the secondary aggregation of unimolecular micelles driven by the hydrogen bonding interaction depending on the solution pH.