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3 原子光学激光冷却中性原子技术的发展成熟 ,不只是促进超冷原子物理学这个新的研究领域产生和发展起来 ,还同时推动了另一个新的研究领域———原子光学的形成和进步 .原子光学是原子物理学与光物理学的交叉新领域 .在这个新领域中 ,人们类似光物理中处理光 (光子 )那样来处理原子 .从物质粒子与光子在波粒二象性方面的对称地位 ,很容易理解出现相应的物质粒子光学的必然性 .实际上 ,电子光学已经存在了相当一段时间了 (由于发展电子显微镜技术 ) ,类似的研究还有离子光学 ,中子光学等 .上述意义下的原子光学研究 ,最早应该追溯到 1 92 9… 相似文献
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磁光阱中冷原子的实验特性 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
冷原子的获得对于原子物理的研究具有重要的意义,文章综述了激光冷却与囚禁原子技术发展以来对磁光阱中中性冷原子特性的研究进展,包括冷原子对光子的吸收与散射,冷原子之间的吸引与排斥导致的超冷碰撞与长程分子状态,朱子的非线性特性等。 相似文献
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激光冷却及其在科学技术中的应用 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
这篇文章回顾了近20以来激光冷却原子气体的发展历史,同时概述了激光冷却的各种物理机制,还介绍了超冷原子物理在量子物理学和高科技应用中所取得的重要成就,包括气体原子的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚、原子钟和原子干涉仪。 相似文献
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超冷原子物理学与原子光学 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
最近十多年来 ,一个新的领域———超冷原子物理学蓬勃地发展起来 .所谓“超冷” ,是指原子作为整体的平动速度极低 ,对应温度低于1mK( 1 0 -3K) .如此低温度下的原子体系 ,体现若干新的现象 ,遵从新的物理规律 .其中特别有意义的是原子气体玻色 爱因斯坦凝聚(BEC)现象 ,2 0 0 1年的诺贝尔物理学奖就是授予在BEC实验实现和性质研究方面做出重要贡献的E .A .Cornell,W .Ketterle和C .E .Wieman三位物理学家的 .超冷原子体系技术上能实现 ,有赖于发展于 2 0世纪 80年代的激光冷却和捕陷中性原子的方法 .鉴… 相似文献
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激光冷却和捕获原子,曾经是获得过诺贝尔物理学奖的研究项目。与这项研究相关的技术进步导致了一批革命性的新应用,其中包括原子钟、量子信息处理和凝聚态系统的模拟等。这里要讨论的不是原子气的冷却,而是对多原子分子气所实施的冷却(冷却到1 mK或以下)。一般认为,超冷分子气的应用范围并不亚于超冷原子气。最近,Zeppenfeld等在Nature上撰文,报告了他们在产生超冷多原子分子气方面取得的成功以及实验方法方面取得的有效进展。他们的工作还同时大大拓宽了可以实施冷却的分子气样品名单。 相似文献
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文章记述了开展激光冷却气体原子研究的起步阶段,描述了推动文章作者从原子钟研究走向激光冷却气体原子研究的动力.在研究初期阶段,文章作者着重思考了激光冷却气体原子物理机制,如:积分球红移漫反射激光冷却气体原子的设想和利用光频移效应(交流斯塔克效应)激光冷却气体原子的物理思想.文章还描述了作者所在实验室用于激光冷却原子研究的原子束实验装置,并展示了几个物理实验结果.最后,文章还总结了经验和教训,深感起步艰辛和今日可贵,期盼光辉的未来. 相似文献
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本文采用多组态相互作用及Davidson修正方法和全电子基组计算了SH~-阴离子的X~1∑~+,a~3∏和A~1∏态的势能曲线、电偶极矩和跃迁偶极矩.计算的光谱常数与实验值及已有的理论值符合得很好.在计算中考虑了自旋-轨道耦合效应.计算得到a~3∏_1(v'=0)?X~1∑_(0+)~+(v"=0)和A~1∏_1(v'=0)?X~1Σ_(0+)~+(v"=0)跃迁具有高对角分布的弗兰克-康登因子,分别为0.9990和0.9999;计算得到a~3∏_1和A~1∏_1态的自发辐射寿命分别为1.472和0.188 ms.A~1∏_1?X~1∑_(0+)~+跃迁存在中间态a~3∏_(0+)和a~3∏_1,但中间态对激光冷却SH~-阴离子的影响可以忽略.分别利用a~3∏_1(v'=0)? X~1∑_(0+)~+(v"=0)和A~1∏_1(v'=0)? X~1∑_(0+)~+(v"=0)跃迁构建了准闭合的能级系统,冷却所需的激光波长分别为492.27和478.57 nm.最后预测了激光冷却SH~-阴离子能达到的多普勒温度和反冲温度.这些结果为进一步实验提供了理论参数. 相似文献
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激光冷却与捕陷原子的方法——1997年诺贝尔物理奖介绍 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
介绍了1997年诺贝尔物理奖的获奖工作———激光冷却与捕陷原子的方法,其中主要有光学粘团、亚多普勒冷却、亚反冲冷却、激光原子阱等.叙述了它们的物理原理、重要意义及其应用. 相似文献
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The general expressions of the average dissipative and dipole forces acting on a A-configuration three-level atom in an arbitrary light field are derived by means of the optical Bloch equations based on the atomic density matrix elements, and the general properties of the average dissipative and dipole forces on a three-level atom in the linearly-polarized high-order Bessel beams (HBBs) are analysed. We find a resonant property (with two resonant peaks) of the dissipative force and a non-resonant property (with two pairs of non-resonant peaks) of the dipole force on the three-level atom, which are completely different from those on the two-level atom. Meanwhile we find a saturation effect of the average dissipative force in the HBB, which comes from the saturation of the upper-level population. Our study shows that the general expressions of the average dissipative and dipole forces on the three-level atom will be simplified to those of the two-level atom under the approximation of large detuning. Finally, we study the axial and azimuthal Doppler cooling of atoms in ID optical molasses composed of two counter-propagating HBBs and discuss the azimuthal influence of the HBB on the Doppler cooling limit. We also find that the Doppler limit of atoms in the molasses HBB is slightly below the conventional Doppler limit of hГ/(2kB) due to the orbital angular momentum lh of the HBB. 相似文献
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推导了两能级原子在稳态和小速度一阶微扰近似下的受力矢量方程,并分析表明TEM01模光场以原子的作用力中存在旋涡力,对在大正失谐δ〉〉Ω0〉〉Г和z〈〈z0=kw^2/λ条件下的TEM01模行波和驻波场中原子的受力进行了分析,对行波场,自发辐射对原子运动的影响很大,但在r〈〈λ区域内原子受到横向囚禁力;对驻波场,自发辐射的影响可以忽略,考虑在z方向波长范围内原子的平均受力得到的结论为:在横向,除了有 相似文献
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High-order harmonic generation spectrum of an excited one-dimensional Coulomb atom in an intense laser field 下载免费PDF全文
Response of the wave packet of a one-dimensional Coulomb atom
to an intense laser field is calculated using the symmetrized
split operator fast Fourier method. The high-order harmonic
generation (HHG) of the initial state separately being the ground and excited states
is presented. When the hardness parameter \alpha in the soft
Coulomb potential V(x)=-1/\sqrt{x^2+\alpha} is chosen to be small
enough, the so-called hard Coulomb potential
V(x)=-1/|x| can be obtained. It is well known that the hard one-dimensional Coulomb atom
has an unstable ground
state with an energy eigenvalue of $\sim0.5$ and it
has no states corresponding to physical states in the true atoms, and
has the first and second excited states being degenerate. The parity effects on the HHG
can be seen from the first and second excited states of the hard
one-dimensional Coulomb atom. The HHG spectra of the excited states
from both the soft and hard Coulomb atom models are shown to have more
complex structures and to be much stronger than the corresponding
HHG spectrum of the ground state of the soft Coulomb model with
$\alpha=2$ in the same laser field. Laser-induced non-resonant
one-photon emission is also observed. 相似文献
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Due to its low sensitivity to blackbody radiation, neutral mercury is a good candidate for the most accurate optical lattice clock. Here we report the observation of cold mercury atoms in a magneto-optical trap (MOT). Because of the high vapor pressure at room temperature, the mercury source and the cold pump were cooled down to 40℃ and 70 ℃, respectively, to keep the science chamber in an ultra-high vacuum of 6×10 9 Pa. Limited by the power of the UV cooling laser, the one beam folded MOT configuration was adopted, and 1.5×10 5 Hg-202 atoms were observed by fluorescence detection. 相似文献
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We report on the efficient generation of cold rubidium atoms as a potential coherent atom source for atom lithography. We
successfully trapped and cooled 2.6 × 108 atoms in 5 s with a conventional magneto-optical trap simply by enlarging the diameter of the laser beam to 20 mm. The size
of the laser-cooled atom cloud was measured to be 10 × 7 × 7 mm3. The number of trapped atoms was approximately 10 times as large as that of previous typical results, while the loading time
of atoms remained the same. 相似文献