三维分级结构氢氧化钴的合成

以硝酸钴为钴源,采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)辅助,通过水热法合成了具有三维分级结构的β-Co(OH)2微球.采用粉末X射线衍射(XRD)、能谱元素分析(EDS)和扫描电镜(SEM)对产物进行表征.实验结果表明,产物β-Co(OH)2为由直径1～2μm和厚度约500nm的纳米板组装而成的微球.考察了CTAB的浓度、pH值和温度对产物形貌的影响.结果表明,CTAB的浓度和pH值对最终产物的形貌具有重要影响,而当水热温度在140～180℃区间内,反应温度对产物的形貌无影响.通过监控不同反应时间所获产物的形貌,初步探讨了三维结构的β-Co(OH)2的生长机制.     

不同形貌的SrMoO_4材料的微乳液及其辅助的溶剂热法制备

通过微乳液法及其辅助的溶剂热法制备出了不同形貌的SrMoO4粉体材料,探讨了工艺参数对SrMoO4材料形貌的影响。微乳液体系中表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)浓度、反应物浓度及溶剂热过程中反应时间、CTAB浓度都会对SrMoO4材料的形貌造成影响。通过调整上述工艺参数可以调控SrMoO4材料的形貌,得到了近球状、哑铃状、纺锤体状、花簇状等特殊形貌的SrMoO4微晶材料。SrMoO4样品的室温光致发光谱是由发光中心在约420nm处的单一紫光组成,样品的形貌不同发光强度和发光峰位置略有不同。     

表面活性剂存在条件下脲醛树脂杂化氧化硅微球的合成和表征

考察了表面活性剂存在条件下利用脲醛树脂杂化沉淀制备氧化硅微球的反应过程. 不同表面活性剂条件下所得的氧化硅微球产物各不相同. 焙烧后P123 (PEO20-PPO70-PEO20)条件的杂化微球分解成壳状氧化硅碎片, CTAB(十六烷基三甲基溴化铵)条件的氧化硅严重变形, 体积收缩到前体粒子的九分之一, 而SDBS(十二烷基苯磺酸钠)条件的产物球形貌良好的保留了下来. BET分析揭示P123和CTAB条件下的氧化硅比表面分别增加了20%和13%, 而SDBS(十二烷基苯磺酸钠)条件的产物在表面积不变的条件下孔体积和孔径减少了一半. 定量分析证明SDBS条件下氧化硅纳米粒子的杂化受到了明显抑制, 而正硅酸乙酯浸渍方式的补硅量接近一倍, 这种优化的几何结构保证了氧化硅微球产物的完整性和稳定性.     

球状、立方状及空心立方状PbS纳米晶的控制合成及其形成机理

以醋酸铅为铅源,硫代乙酰胺为硫源,在表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)共同作用下,通过简单地调节水热反应的反应温度控制合成出球状、立方状和空心立方状PbS纳米晶。利用XRD、TEM对合成产物的结构和形貌进行了表征,发现合成的球状、立方状和空心立方状PbS纳米晶尺寸均一,直径为100 nm左右。对球状、立方状和空心立方状PbS纳米晶的形成机理进行了初探,结果表明反应温度较低时,水热反应初始阶段形成的PbS小颗粒呈球形,在表面活性剂SDS的烷基链模板和CTAB微胶束软模板共同作用下生成球状PbS纳米晶;反应温度较高时,水热反应初始阶段形成的PbS小颗粒由于自身的立方相岩盐晶体结构的影响有呈立方状趋势,在SDS和CTAB共同作用下产物堆积成空心立方体状或立方状。     

聚合物模板辅助镍微球的水热制备

以三嵌段共聚物HO(CH₂CH₂O)₂₀(CH₂CH(CH₃)O)₇₀(CH₂CH₂O)₂₀H (P123)为模板剂, 次亚磷酸钠为还原剂, 水热制备了微米级镍微球. 采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和振动样品磁强计(VSM)对产物进行表征. 结果表明, 镍微球由纳米级的镍微晶组成, 其中至少部分微球存在空心结构. 微球的尺寸随着前驱体溶液pH值的增加而减小, 其聚集成链的程度随着水热温度的上升而增强. 120和220 ℃水热合成微球的直径范围、平均微晶尺寸和矫顽力分别是1.5～4.5和0.8～4.5 μm, 16.0和14.2 nm, 以及91.5和66.1 Oe.     

微乳法制备Co3O4纳米材料及其形成机理研究

采用Co(NH3)6Cl3为钴源,利用微乳法制备了Co3O4的纳米材料,可控合成了尺寸均一的边长约40～50 nm纳米立方和直径约400 nm的纳米球.并且考察了反应条件对产物形貌的影响,水与CTAB的摩尔比(w)和反应物浓度对产物形貌有着很大的影响,而反应温度对产物形貌基本没有影响.随着w值的增加,合成的纳米材料的尺...     

溶剂热合成三维蔷薇花状SnS2微晶

在乙二醇溶剂热条件下,采用SnCl4·H2O和硫代氨基脲为原料,成功制备出了三维蔷薇花状的SnS2微晶.产品用X-射线粉末衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、拉曼光谱(RS)和紫外一可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)对样品进行了表征.结果表明SnS2蔷薇花是由纳米级厚度的片状"花瓣"相互连接、交叠、缠绕自组装生长而成.并对蔷薇花状SnS2三维结构的生长机理进行了简单探讨.     

具有高比表面的介孔Co-SiO2微球的合成与表征

在碱性条件下,利用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为结构导向剂,以含氨基有机硅烷与过渡金属离子Co(Ⅱ)形成的配合物Co(Ⅲ)-APTMOS为金属离子前驱体,合成了含金属元素钴的介孔Co-SiO₂微球.运用XRD,TEM以及N₂-吸附等技术对所制备的产物进行了表征.结果表明,产物为具有高比表面、孔道无序的介孔微球.同时阐述了金属离子以配合物Co-APTMOS形式加入反应体系的优越性.     

一种新型介孔空腔二氧化硅纳米微球的制备与缓释行为

本文用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)作为试剂,通过软模板法合成介孔二氧化硅,利用在合成过程中,由伪莫尔转动所引起的微粒内部的大量缺陷,通过溶剂抽提,形成了具有空腔结构的介孔二氧化硅纳米微球.采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、N2吸附-脱附等手段对产物的形貌和结构进行了详细的表征.并以溴甲酚绿作为目标物,通过改变压强和温度,调节溴甲酚绿进入空心SiO2微球中的不同部位,对所制备的空腔介孔二氧化硅微球进行染料的装载和释放试验.结果显示该微球腔壁具有可渗透性和缓释性,而且在负压蒸发溶剂的情况下可以得到较高的药物负载量和极大地提高缓释性能.     

十六烷基三甲基溴化铵辅助作用下球形、蠕虫状和网状Pd纳米粒子的制备与表征

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为表面活性剂,NaBH4为还原剂,通过调节水相体系中CTAB和NaBH4浓度,合成了一系列不同形貌的Pd纳米粒子,合成过程简便易行且环境友好.结果表明,随着CTAB浓度的增加,Pd粒子形貌由纳米微球逐渐向纳米线网络形态转变.CTAB浓度和NaBH4浓度是决定Pd粒子形貌的两个重要因素.     

In-situ growth hierarchical and superhydrophobic flower-like Cu3(PO4)2·2H2O nanosheets based on copper mesh for efficient oil–water separation

Superhydrophobic porous membranes with interconnected open structures for effective treatment oily wastewater have gradually drawn researchers’ attentions owing to frequent occurrence of organics leakage accidents. In this paper, we successfully fabricated superhydrophobic flower-like Cu₃(PO₄)₂·2H₂O nanosheets on copper mesh surface via in-situ growth strategy and silane coupling agent (A151) hydrophobic modification. Specifically speaking, commercial copper mesh served as substrate and Cu could react with (NH₄)₂S₂O₈ and Na₂HPO₄, forming flower-like micro-nanostructure. As-synthesized materials were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). In addition, chemical, mechanical stability and durability of as-prepared materials were also investigated under different condition. The relevant experiment results demonstrated that flower-like Cu₃(PO₄)₂·2H₂O nanosheets successfully grew on copper mesh surface, resulting in the formation of rough structure. Modified copper mesh showed superhydrophobic and superoleophilic properties simultaneously with water contact angle (CA) of 151.24° and oil contact angle of 0°, respectively. The as-prepared materials could be used to separate oily wastewater with high separation efficiency (above 95.0%). The mechanism of oil–water separation was investigated in detail based on positive and negative capillary effect. High separation efficiency, excellent stability and durability of superhydrophobic copper mesh make it one of best promising separation candidates for wastewater treatment.     

花状结构Bi2WO6多孔微球: 组装及光催化性能

利用表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)、十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)作为结构导向剂,在水热条件下合成了由纳米片组装而成的Bi2WO6花状多孔微球的新颖结构。探讨了反应时间、表面活性剂种类等因素对产物形貌、结构和性能的影响。在氙灯照射下,发现使用CTAB所得到的Bi2WO6比添加SDBS所得到的样品具有更高的催化罗丹明B降解的活性,原因是前者具有较大的比表面积和吸收阈值。同时提出了晶体可能的生长机理为各向异性生长特性和自组装-Ostwald熟化过程的结合。     

L-脯氨酸协助合成β-氢氧化镍和氧化镍花球及纳米三角片(英文)

以NH3·H2O和NaOH作为沉淀剂,通过水热方法在180℃,L-脯氨酸作用下,分别合成出了β-Ni(OH)2花球和纳米三角片。XRD结果表明合成出的β-Ni(OH)2产物是六方相,透射电镜(TEM)和场发射电镜(FESEM)表明花球直径为1~2μm,它是由厚15nm,边长110nm的三角片自组装形成的。对相应的β-Ni(OH)2前驱物在350℃空气下退火2h,分别得到NiO花球和纳米三角片。     

SnS Nanosheets for Rapid and Effective Bacteria Sterilization Under Near-infrared Irradiation

Today, the threat of pathogenic bacterial infection worldwide that leads to the increase of mortality rate strongly demands the development of new antibacterial agents that can kill bacteria quickly and effectively. Although there are a lot of antibacterial agents that have been developed so far, few studies on the antibacterial performance of SnS have been investigated at 808 nm laser. Here, we synthesized SnS nanosheets with strong near-infrared absorption performance and excellent antibacterial performance via a simple solvothermal synthesis route. The as-prepared SnS nanosheets showed excellent photothermal conversion efficiency (38.7 %), photodynamic performance, and photostability, and at the same time 99.98 % and 99.7 % sterilization effect against Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) under near-infrared irradiation (808 nm, 1.5 W/cm²). This study suggests that SnS nanosheets could be a promising candidate for antibacterial therapy owing to the synergetic effects of photothermal and photodynamic performance.     

Synthesis of Ag2O and Ag co-modified flower-like SnS2 composites with enhanced photocatalytic activity under solar light irradiation

Three-dimensional Ag₂O and Ag co-modified flower-like SnS₂ composites have been synthesized through a facile hydrothermal and photoreduction process. The physical and chemical properties of Ag₂O and Ag co-modified flower-like SnS₂ composites were carefully studied by using XRD, SEM, TEM, UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS) and XPS. The photocatalytic activity of the as-prepared products was evaluated by photocatalytic decolorization of Rhodamine B (Rh B) aqueous solution at ambient temperature under solar light irradiation. The photocatalytic result shows that Ag₂O and Ag co-modified flower-like SnS₂ composites exhibit enhanced photocatalytic activity compared with that of pure SnS₂. Three of the Ag₂O and Ag co-modified flower-like SnS₂ composites form the Z-scheme systems, because of their unique charge-carrier transfer process, the oxidation/reduction ability of photogenerated holes and electrons could be enhanced. Therefore, the new Ag₂O and Ag co-modified flower-like SnS₂ composites possess a favorable photocatalytic activity, and it can be a promising candidate for the solar energy conversion process.     

In-situ growth of V2O5 flower-like structures on ceramic tubes and their trimethylamine sensing properties

V₂O₅ flower-like structures assembled by thin nanosheets were in-situ growth on ceramic tubes by hydrothermal process. The structural characterization indicates that V₂O₅ flower-like structures is orthogonal diamond phase, which entirely covered on the surface of ceramic tubes. TMA sensing measured results revealed that the sensor based on V₂O₅ flower-like structures exhibited fast reversible and response, good selectivity to TMA and good stability at 200 °C. The good sensing performance may be ascribed to flower-like structures and directly growth sensing film on the ceramic tube without structure damage. Our works give a simple in-situ growth flower-like structures route on sensing device, which exhibits potential application for detecting trace amounts of TMA gas.     

Platinum clusters supported on/in Dion–Jacobson phase HLaNb<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>7</Subscript> by topochemical method

Platinum clusters were supported on/in HLaNb₂O₇ nanosheets by topochemical reaction strategy for the first time. The as-prepared samples were analyzed using ICP OES and characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results showed that HLaNb₂O₇ nanosheets were modified with platinum clusters with good monodispersity. The product was a mesoporous solid with broad pore size distribution and large surface area. The oxidation state of platinum was zero and the size of Pt clusters was only about 1–2 nm. This study provides a novel approach to support metal clusters on layered compounds.     

ZnO纳米片/微棒复合体的制备、结构及光学性能

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为表面活性剂,以氯化锌和氢氧化钠为原料,在低温水热条件下制备出具有纳米片状接枝结构的ZnO微棒。通过扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、光致发光(PL)和拉曼光谱(Raman)对产物的形貌、晶体结构和光学性能进行了表征。结果表明,表面活性剂CTAB对产物最终形貌的形成具有重要作用;微棒表面所接枝的薄片为多晶结构;产物光致发光峰是较少见的弱蓝光发射与强红光发射;同时对这种ZnO微棒的生长机理进行了探讨。     

Nanocrystalline tin compounds/graphene nanocomposite electrodes as anode for lithium-ion battery

Nanocrystalline tin (Sn) compounds such as SnO₂, SnS₂, SnS, and graphene nanocomposites were prepared using hydrothermal method. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the prepared nanocomposite reveals the presence of tetragonal SnO₂, hexagonal SnS₂, and orthorhombic SnS crystalline structure in the SnO₂/graphene nanosheets (GNS), SnS₂/GNS, and SnS/GNS nanocomposites, respectively. Raman spectroscopic studies of the nanocomposites confirm the existence of graphene in the nanocomposites. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of the nanocomposites revealed the formation of homogeneous nanocrystalline SnO₂, SnS_2, and SnS particle. The weight ratio of graphene and Sn compound in the nanocomposite was estimated using thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. The cyclic voltammetry experiment shows the irreversible formation of Li₂O and Li₂S, and reversible lithium-ion (Li-ion) storage in Sn and GNS. The charge–discharge profile of the nanocomposite electrodes indicates the high capacity for the Li-ion storage, and the cycling study indicates the fast capacity fading due to the poor electrical conductivity of the nanocomposite electrodes. Hence, the ratio of Sn compounds (SnO₂) and GNS have been altered. Among the examined SnO₂:GNS nanocomposites ratios (35:65, 50:50, and 80:20), the nanocomposite 50:50wt% shows high Li-ion storage capacity (400 mAh/g after 25 cycles) and good cyclability. Thus, it is necessary to modify GNS and Sn compound composition in the nanocomposite to achieve good cyclability.     

片花状ZnO@碳球核壳结构的制备及太阳光催化性能

采用水热法合成具有核壳结构的片花状ZnO@碳球系列复合物(ZnO@C)。利用X射线衍射(XRD),扫描电子显微镜(SEM),X射线光电子能谱(XPS),红外光谱(FTIR),紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS),荧光光谱(PL)以及N2吸附-脱附等技术对所合成样品进行表征,结果表明,碳球被ZnO纳米片包裹形成具有核壳结构的片花状复合物,碳球的存在增加了ZnO对可见光的吸收,有效抑制了光生电子空穴对的复合。在模拟太阳光下,对活性染料GR黑及甲硝唑的光催化降解测试结果显示,ZnO@C系列复合物的光催化性能均高于纯ZnO,其中ZnO@C-2样品表现出最好的光催化性能,其光催化降解GR黑和甲硝唑的速率分别为纯ZnO的4.2倍和2.1倍。