Application of a simple calorimetric data analysis on the binding study of cyanide ions by Jack bean urease

<正>Cyanide ion was studied as an effector of Jack bean urease(JBU) at 300 K in 30 mmol/LTris buffer,pH 7 by isothermal titration calorimetry(ITC).The simple novel model was used for CN~- + JBU interaction over the whole range of CN~- concentrations.The binding parameters recovered from the simple novel model were attributed to the cyanide ion interaction.It was found that cyanide ion acted as a noncooperative inhibitor of JBU,and there is a set of 12 identical and independent binding sites for CN~- ions.The dissociation equilibrium constant is 750μmol/L.The molar enthalpy of binding is△H= -13.6 kJ mol~(-1).The technique used provided an accurate and quick assessment of the effectiveness of the compounds to inhibit Jack bean urease.     

A Structural and Calorimetric Study on the Interaction Between Jack Bean Urease and Cyanide Ion

The cyanide ion was studied as an effecter of Jack bean urease at 300 K in 30 mmol⋅L⁻¹ Tris buffer, pH=7. The inhibition was investigated by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). The extended solvation model was used for CN⁻+JBU interaction over the whole range of CN⁻ concentrations. The binding parameters recovered from the solvation model were attributed to the interaction with cyanide ion. It was found that cyanide ion acted as a noncooperative inhibitor of urease, and there is a set of 12 identical and independent binding sites for CN⁻ ions. The dissociation equilibrium constant is 749.99 μmol⋅L⁻¹. The molar enthalpy of binding is ΔH=−13.60 kJ⋅mol⁻¹.     

Thermodynamic Study of Myelin Basic Protein upon Interaction with [Hg2+] Using Extension Solvation Model

Mercury ion interaction with myelin basic protein (MBP) was studied at 300 K in 30 mmol/L tris buffer, pH=7 by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). An extended solvation model was used for Hg²⁺+MBP interaction over the whole range of Hg²⁺ concentrations. The binding parameters recovered from the solvation model were attributed to the structural changes of MBP due to its interaction with mercury ion. It was found that mercury ion acted as a noncooperative effector of MBP, and there is a set of two identical and independent binding sites for Hg²⁺ ions. The dissociation equilibrium constant is 97.6 µmol/L. The molar enthalpy change of binding is ?11.25 kJ·mol^?1.     

A thermodynamic investigation on the binding of mercury ion with myelin basic protein at different temperatures

A thermodynamic study on the interaction of myelin basic protein with mercury ion was studied by using isothermal titration calonmetry,ITC,at 300.15,310.15 and 320.15 K in Tris buffer solution at pH 7.The enthalpies of MBP + Hg²⁺ interaction are reported and analysed in terms of the extended solvation model.It was found that MBP has two identical and non-cooperative binding sites for Hg²⁺ ions.The intrinsic dissociation equilibrium constants are 99.904,112.968 and 126.724μmol/L,and the molar enthalpy of binding are -11.634,-10.768 and -10.117kJ mol^-1 at 300.15,310.15 and 320.15 K,respectively.     

一种新型比色荧光双通道水相检测氰根离子的化学传感器

合成了一种新型的,能在含水介质中比色荧光双通道单一选择性识别CN^-的传感器分子1-羟基萘甲叉酰肼乙基-3-羟基萘甲叉酰肼甲基苯并咪唑溴鎓盐(J1)。 在J1的DMSO/H₂O (体积比3:2)HEPES 的缓冲体系(pH=7.2)中分别加入F^-、Cl^-、Br^-、I^-、AcO^-、HSO₄^-、ClO₄^-、H₂PO₄^-、SCN^-和CN^-等阴离子后,只有CN^-的加入会使得溶液颜色发生明显的变化,由无色变为深黄色。 相应地在J1的DMSO/H₂O (体积比4:1)HEPES的缓冲体系(pH=7.2)中加入CN^-,溶液发出明亮的黄色荧光。 这一识别过程,不会受到其它阴离子的干扰。 紫外-可见光谱的最低检测限为1.57×10^-7 mol/L,检测线性范围为3.875×10^-4~2.15×10^-2 mol/L。 荧光光谱的最低检测限为4.63×10^-6 mol/L,检测线性范围为0.8×10^-4~1.60×10^-3 mol/L。 此结果表明,J1是一种良好的用于识别 CN^-的化学传感器,在含水介质中对CN^-具有选择性好、灵敏度高以及抗干扰性强的识别性能。 与此同时,基于J1对于CN^-的高选择性识别我们制备了CN^-的检测试纸,该试纸能够方便、快捷、准确地检测水中的CN^-。     

一种增强型荧光探针检测CN-及在细胞中的应用

以甲醇为溶剂,2-羟基-1-萘甲醛和2-氨甲基吡啶1∶1结合生成了一种简单的希夫碱增强型荧光探针(L)。该探针在DMSO∶H₂O(3∶2,V/V)的水溶液中加入CN^-后,荧光可增强8倍,线性范围为0~120×10^-5M,通过核磁滴定证明此作用机理为CN^-的去质子化作用。此外,通过荧光共聚焦成像,化合物L可高效选择性地检测人体SiHa癌细胞中的CN^-。     

四磺化酞菁钴轴向配位反应研究

采用分光光度法研究了四磺化酞菁钴(CoTSPc)与配体L(L=en,NH₃,CN^-)的配位反应,研究了配位反应动力学,测定了配合物的稳定常数K,并讨论了配位反应机理。研究表明:CoTSPc与L形成CoTSPc(L)₂的配合物,动力学方程为:-dC_M/dt=kC_MC_Lⁿ,C_M、C_L分别为CoTSPc的单体和配体的浓度(en:n=1;NH₃,CN^-:n=2);CoTSPc(L)₂的稳定常数为:L=en,lgK=4.639;L=NH₃,lgK=5.328;L=CN^-,lgK=9.116.     

Schiff碱Cu(Ⅱ)配合物的合成,表征,及其抑制脲酶活性的机理研究

为了得到一种新型脲酶抑制剂,以5-氯水杨醛和2-氨甲基哌啶合成Schiff碱配体,再与硝酸铜反应合成了一种Schiff碱Cu(Ⅱ)配合物。分别采用元素分析,单晶衍射、红外光谱测试技术对其进行表征,采用热重分析法探讨其对热稳定性,采用酚红法测定该配合物抑制脲酶活性的大小,采用Lineweaver-Burk模型研究其抑制脲酶的动力学机理,通过分子对接技术探讨配合物与脲酶的作用方式,并对其抑制机理进行分析。结果表明,目标配合物属于单斜晶系,P2₁/n空间群,四方形结构,它通过氢键、疏水键与脲酶形成稳定的结合模式;抑制脲酶活性的机制属于竞争性和非竞争性混合型抑制机制,其竞争性抑制作用大于非竞争性抑制作用。配合物对刀豆脲酶的IC₅₀为10.03μmol·L^-1,远低于常规脲酶抑制剂(45.06μmol·L^-1),从理论上解释了体外抑制脲酶活性的实验结果。     

Inhibitory Effects of p-Phenylene-bis and Phenyl Dithiocarbamate on Mushroom Tyrosinase

The binding properties and structural changes of mushroom tyrosinase enzyme, MT, due to its interactions with phenyl dithiocarbamate (I) and p-phenylene-bis dithiocarbamate (II), were investigated at 27 and 37 °C in phosphate buffer (10?mmol?L^?1) at pH = 6.8 by isothermal titration calorimetric (ITC). The extended solvation model was used to calculate the solvation parameters, which were attributed to the stability of this enzyme. Thermodynamic analysis indicated that the predominant mode of interaction was hydrophobic in the binding of compound I to MT, while the binding of II to MT essentially depends on electrostatic interactions. It seems that II is a more potent MT inhibitor due to its two charged head groups that are able to chelate copper ions in the active enzyme site. It was concluded that MT has two distinct sites for p-phenylene-bis and phenyl dithiocarbamate.     

A Thermodynamic Study on the Binding of Calcium Ion with Myelin Basic Protein

The interaction of myelin basic protein (MBP) from the bovine central nervous system with divalent calcium ion was studied by isothermal titration calorimetry at 27 °C in aqueous solution. The extended solvation model was used to reproduce the enthalpies of Ca²⁺-MBP interaction over the whole range of Ca²⁺ concentrations. The solvation parameters recovered from the solvation model were attributed to the structural change of MBP due to the metal ion interaction. It was found that there is a set of two identical and non-interacting binding sites for Ca²⁺ ions. The association equilibrium constant is 0.021 μmol⋅dm⁻³. The molar enthalpy of binding is ΔH=−15.10 kJ⋅mol⁻¹.     

Continuous monitoring for cyanide in waste water with a galvanic hydrogen cyanide sensor using a purge system

A continuous monitoring system for cyanide with a galvanic hydrogen cyanide sensor and an aeration pump for purging was developed. Hydrogen cyanide evolved from cyanide solution using a purging pump was measured with the hydrogen cyanide sensor. The system showed good performance in terms of stability and selectivity. A linear calibration curve was obtained in the concentrating range from 0 to 15 mg dm³ of cyanide ion with a slope of −0.24 μA mg⁻¹ dm⁻³. The lower detection limit was 0.1 mg dm⁻³. The 90% response time of the sensor system was within 3.5 min for a 0.5 mg dm⁻³ cyanide solution, when the flow rate of the purging air was 1 dm³ min⁻¹. The system maintained the initial performance for 6 months in the field test. The developed galvanic sensor system was not subject to interference from sulfide and residual chlorine, compared with a potentiometric sensor system developed previously. The analytical results obtained by the present system were in good agreement with those obtained by the pyridine pyrazolone method. The correlation factor and regression line between both methods were 0.979 and Y=2.30×10⁻⁴+1.12X, respectively. This system was successfully applied for a continuous monitoring of cyanide ion in waste water.     

Application of an extended solvation theory to study on the binding of magnesium ion with myelin basic protein

Binding properties of myelin basic protein (MBP) from bovine central nervous system due to the interaction by divalent magnesium ion (Mg²⁺) was investigated at 27°C in aqueous solution using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) technique. An extended solvation model was used to reproduce the enthalpies of Mg²⁺-MBP interaction over the whole Mg²⁺ concentrations. It was found that there is a set of two identical and noninteracting binding sites for Mg²⁺ ions. The dissociation equilibrium constant is K _d=45.5 μM. The molar enthalpy of binding site is identical for both sites; ΔH=−15.24 kJ mol⁻¹. The solvation parameters recovered from the solvation model were attributed to the structural change of MBP due to the metal ion interaction.     

Thermodynamic study on the interaction of cyanide ion and jack bean urease at different temperatures

A method based on Isothermal Titration Calorimety (ITC) is described for the thermodynamic assay of jack bean urease. Inhibitory activity of cyanide ion was examined against jack bean urease (JBU), at 27 and 37 ^oC in 30 mM Tris buffer of pH = 7. The binding parameters of the CN^? + JBU complexation have been calculated. It was found that in the low and high concentrations of the cyanide ions, the JBU structure was destabilized, resulting in a decrease in its biological activity.     

新型薄膜扩散梯度技术定量采集高盐度水体中的铵离子

设计了一种基于铁氰化钴钠的新型薄膜扩散梯度(DGT)被动采样装置, 将其应用于高盐度水体中铵离子的定量采集. 采用双滴加法制备铁氰化钴钠, 并利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、 X射线衍射(XRD)仪和氮气吸 附-脱附测试对其表面形貌、 晶体结构和孔结构特征进行表征. 研究了铁氰化钴钠对铵离子的吸附速率和吸附容量. 建立了以琼脂糖凝胶为扩散相、 铁氰化钴钠为结合相的DGT被动采样装置. 研究了采集时间、 水体pH值和共存阳离子对基于铁氰化钴钠的DGT技术采集铵离子的影响. 实验结果表明, 铁氰化钴钠吸附铵离子在60 min时基本达到了吸附平衡; 当铵离子初始浓度为300 mg/L时其吸附容量为90 mg/g. DGT装置结合铵离子的质量随着布置时间的增加呈现线性增长(0~24 h, r²=0.994). 当pH=4~8, Na⁺浓度为0~10000 mg/L, K⁺浓度为0~25000 mg/L, Mg²⁺浓度为0~20000 mg/L, Ca²⁺浓度为0~25000 mg/L时, DGT装置累积的铵离子质量没有明显的变化. 实验结果表明, 使用基于铁氰化钴钠的DGT装置可以准确有效地采集高盐度水体中的铵离子.     

A direct calorimetric determination of denaturation enthalpy for lysozyme in sodium dodecyl sulfate

Thermodynamics of the interaction between sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) with lysozyme were investigated at pH 7.0 and 27 °C in phosphate buffer by isothermal titration calorimetry. A new method to follow protein denaturation, and the effect of surfactants on the stability of proteins was introduced. The new solvation model was used to reproduce the enthalpies of lysozyme–SDS interaction over the whole range of SDS concentrations. The solvation parameters recovered from the new equation, attributed to the structural change of lysozyme and its biological activity. At low concentrations of SDS, the binding is mainly electrostatic, with some simultaneous interaction of the hydrophobic tail with nearby hydrophobic patches on the lysozyme. These initial interactions presumably cause some protein unfolding and expose additional hydrophobic sites. The enthalpy of denaturation is 160.81 ± 0.02 kJ mol⁻¹ for SDS.     

FLAVIN-PHOTOREDUCTION BY CYANIDE: NUCLEOPHILIC ADDITION IN THE EXCITED TRIPLET STATE

Abstract— Flavin photochemistry as well as biochemistry consists of competitive 1e⁻ - and 2e⁻ -reduction pathways, depending on the nature of the substrate. We show that cyanide ion is a photosubstrate which suppresses 1e⁻-oxidoreduction and leads to exclusive formation of 6- and 9-cyano-1,5-dihydroflavin. The photoreduction mechanism is thus revealed as a nucleophilic addition of cyanide ion at the excited flavin triplet. Preparative photochemistry and isolation and characterization of cyanoflavins have been done, as well as thorough mechanistic studies by conventional flash photolysis. In contrast, nitrite ion is shown to be a normal photosubstrate for flavins leading to exclusive 1e⁻ -transfer followed by back donation.     

Application of the extended solvation model for thermodynamic study of copper ion binding to Jack bean urease

A Thermodynamic study on the interaction Jack bean urease, JBU, with Cu²⁺ ion was studied by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) at 300 and 310 K in 30 mM Tris buffer solution, pH 7.0. The heats of JBU + Cu²⁺ interactions are reported and analyzed in terms of the extended solvation theory. It was indicated that there are a set of 12 identical and non-cooperative sites for Cu²⁺ ion. The binding of Cu²⁺ ion with JBU is exothermic with dissociation equilibrium constants of 284.883 and 345.855 μM at 300 and 310 K, respectively.     

Binding of D- and L-captopril inhibitors to metallo-beta-lactamase studied by polarizable molecular mechanics and quantum mechanics

The bacterial Zn2+ metallo-beta-lactamase from B. fragilis is a zinc-enzyme with two potential metal ion binding sites. It cleaves the lactam ring of antibiotics, thus contributing to the acquired resistance of bacteria against antibiotics. The present study bears on the binuclear form of the enzyme. We compare several possible binding modes of captopril, a mercaptocarboxamide inhibitor of several zinc-metalloenzymes. Two diastereoisomers of captopril were considered, with either a D- or an L-proline residue. We have used the polarizable molecular mechanics procedure SIBFA (Sum of Interactions Between Fragments ab initio computed). Two beta-lactamase models were considered, encompassing 104 and 188 residues, respectively. The energy balances included the inter and intramolecular interaction energies as well as the contribution from solvation computed using a continuum reaction field procedure. The thiolate ion of the inhibitor is binding to both metal ions, expelling the bridging solvent molecule from the uncomplexed enzyme. Different competing binding modes of captopril were considered, either where the inhibitor binds in a monodentate mode to the zinc cations only with its thiolate ion, or in bidentate modes involving additional zinc binding by its carboxylate or ketone carbonyl groups. The additional coordination by the inhibitor's carboxylate or carbonyl group always occurs at the zinc ion, which is bound by a histidine, a cysteine, and an aspartate side chain. For both diastereomers, the energy balances favor monodentate binding of captopril via S-. The preference over bidentate binding is small. The interaction energies were recomputed in model sites restricted to captopril, the Zn2+ cations, and their coordinating end side chains from beta-lactamase (98 atoms). The interaction energies and their ranking among competing arrangements were consistent with those computed by ab initio HF and DFT procedures.     

三氟拉嗪与八肋游仆虫中心蛋白N端半分子的结合及对蛋白功能的影响

采用荧光光谱、 圆二色光谱(CD)、 等温滴定量热分析(ITC)、 电泳及分子对接等分析技术, 研究了三氟拉嗪(TFP)与八肋游仆虫中心蛋白N端半分子(apoN-EoCen)的结合, 考察了TFP对apoN-EoCen性质的影响. 结果表明, 在室温下10 mmol/L Hepes缓冲溶液(pH=7.4)中, TFP与apoN-EoCen以摩尔比1∶1结合于apoN-EoCen的第二个EF-手的E, F螺旋之间, 条件结合常数约为10 ³ L/mol; TFP的结合导致蛋白质二级结构发生改变, α螺旋含量减小, Tb ³⁺敏化荧光强度降低83%, apoN-EoCen切割DNA的类核酸酶活性明显受到抑制; Tb ³⁺仍可占据复合物apoN-EoCen-TFP中蛋白质的2个金属离子结合位置, 条件结合常数约为7.0×10 ⁵ L/mol, TFP的结合不抑制金属离子诱导的蛋白质聚集.     

Novel determination of cadmium ions using an enzyme self-assembled monolayer with surface plasmon resonance

The activity of the enzyme urease is known to be inhibited by the heavy metal cadmium. The binding of cadmium to urease and the consequent changes of the enzyme structure are the basis of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensing system reported herein. To facilitate the formation of a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of the urease on gold-coated glass SPR sensor disks, the enzyme has been modified with N-succinimidyl 3-(2-pyridyldithiol) propionate (SPDP). The urease monolayer was exposed to trace levels of cadmium ions and monitored by SPR. From circular dichroism (CD) data, it is believed that the conformation of the active nickel site of the urease changes upon binding of the cadmium ions. It is this change of the enzyme monolayer, measured by SPR, which has been related to the cadmium ion concentration in the range of 0–10 mg l⁻¹. These data are the first report of a SPR biosensor capable of detecting metal ions.