A model describing stable coherent synchrotron radiation in storage rings

We present a model describing high power stable broadband coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) in the terahertz frequency region in an electron storage ring. The model includes distortion of bunch shape from the synchrotron radiation (SR), which enhances higher frequency coherent emission, and limits to stable emission due to an instability excited by the SR wakefield. It gives a quantitative explanation of several features of the recent observations of CSR at the BESSY II storage ring. We also use this model to optimize the performance of a source for stable CSR emission.     

Producing terahertz coherent synchrotron radiation at the Hefei Light Source

This paper theoretically proves that an electron storage ring can generate coherent radiation in the THz region using a quick kicker magnet and an AC sextupole magnet. When the vertical chromaticity is modulated by the AC sextupole magnet, the vertical beam collective motion excited by the kicker produces a wavy spatial structure after a number of longitudinal oscillation periods. The radiation spectral distribution was calculated from the wavy bunch parameters at the Hefei Light Source(HLS). When the electron energy is reduced to 400 Me V, extremely strong coherent synchrotron radiation(CSR) at 0.115 THz should be produced.     

IKNO,a user facility for coherent terahertz and UV synchrotron radiation

IKNO (Innovation and KNOwledge) is a proposal for a multi‐user facility based on an electron storage ring optimized for the generation of coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) in the terahertz frequency range, and of broadband incoherent synchrotron radiation ranging from the IR to the VUV. IKNO can be operated in an ultra‐stable CSR mode with photon flux in the terahertz frequency region up to nine orders of magnitude higher than in existing third‐generation light sources. Simultaneously to the CSR operation, broadband incoherent synchrotron radiation up to VUV frequencies is available at the beamline ports. The main characteristics of the IKNO storage and its performance in terms of CSR and incoherent synchrotron radiation are described in this paper. The proposed location for the infrastructure facility is Sardinia, Italy.     

High power THz source based on coherent radiation of picosecond relativistic electron bunch train

Tunable and compact high power terahertz (THz) radiation based on coherent radiation (CR) of the picosecond relativistic electron bunch train is under development at the Tsinghua accelerator lab. Coherent synchronization radiation (CSR) and coherent transition radiation (CTR) are researched based on an S-band compact electron linac, a bending magnet or a thin foil. The bunch train’s form factors, which are the key factor of THz radiation, are analyzed by the PARMELA simulation. The effects of electron bunch trains under different conditions, such as the bunch number, bunch charges, micro-pulses inter-distance, and accelerating gradient of the gun are investigated separately in this paper. The optimal radiated THz power and spectra should take these factors as a whole into account.     

Compact narrow-band THz radiation source based on photocathode rf gun

Narrow-band THz coherent Cherenkov radiation can be driven by a subpicosecond electron bunch trav- eling along the axis of a hollow cylindrical dielectric-lined waveguide. We present a scheme of compact THz radiation source based on the photocathode rf gun. On the basis of our analytic result, the subpicosecond electron bunch with high charge （800 pC） can be generated directly in the photocathode rf gun. According to the analytical and simulated results, a narrow emission spectrum peaked at 0.24 THz with 2 megawatt （MW） peak power is expected to gain in the proposed scheme （the length of the facility is about 1.2 m）.     

Compact narrow-band THz radiation source based on photocathode rf gun

Narrow-band THz coherent Cherenkov radiation can be driven by a subpicosecond electron bunch traveling along the axis of a hollow cylindrical dielectric-lined waveguide. We present a scheme of compact THz radiation source based on the photocathode rf gun. On the basis of our analytic result, the subpicosecond electron bunch with high charge (800 pC) can be generated directly in the photocathode rf gun. According to the analytical and simulated results, a narrow emission spectrum peaked at 0.24 THz with 2 megawatt (MW) peak power is expected to gain in the proposed scheme (the length of the facility is about 1.2 m).     

Measurement of the time structure of a coherent synchrotron radiation burst in NewSUBARU

The time structure of a burst of coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) emitted from a high-peak-current beam in the electron storage ring NewSUBARU has been investigated. The source of this CSR burst is fine time structure in a bunch produced by longitudinal beam instability. This burst is unstable but very easy to obtain, so it can be used for some experimental applications with appropriate averaging of data. With an averaging period of 10 ms, the fluctuation of the integrated power was about 10%.     

Terahertz coherent transition radiation based on an ultrashort electron bunching beam

The experimental result of terahertz (THz) coherent transition radiation generated from an ultrashort electron bunching beam is reported.During this experiment,the window for THz transmission from ultrahigh vacuum to free air is tested.The compact measurement system which can simultaneously test the THz wave power and frequency is built and proofed.With the help of improved Martin-Puplett interferometer and Kramers-Krong transform,the longitudinal bunch length is measured.The results show that the peak power of THz radiation wave is more than 80 kW,and its radiation frequency is from 0.1 THz to 1.5 THz.     

Study on the characteristics of linac based THz light source

There are many methods based on linac for THz radiation production.As one of the options for the Beijing Advanced Light, an ERL test facility is proposed for THz radiation.In this test facility, there are 4 kinds of methods to produce THz radiation: coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR), synchrotron radiation (SR), low gain FEL oscillator, and high gain SASE FEL.In this paper, we study the characteristics of the 4 kinds of THz light sources.     

CIRCE: a dedicated storage ring for coherent THz synchrotron radiation

We present the concepts for an electron storage ring dedicated to and optimized for the production of stable coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) over the far-infrared terahertz wavelength range from 200 μm to about 1 cm. CIRCE (Coherent InfraRed CEnter) will be a 66 m circumference ring located on top of the ALS booster synchrotron shielding tunnel and using the existing ALS injector. This location provides enough floor space for both the CIRCE ring, its required shielding, and numerous beamlines. We briefly outline a model for CSR emission in which a static bunch distortion induced by the synchrotron radiation field is used to significantly extend the stable CSR emission towards higher frequencies. This model has been verified with experimental CSR results. We present the calculated CIRCE photon flux where a gain of 6–9 orders of magnitude is shown compared to existing far-IR sources. Additionally, the particular design of the dipole vacuum chamber has been optimized to allow an excellent transmission of these far-infrared wavelengths. We believe that the CIRCE source can be constructed for a modest cost.     

Tunable few-cycle and multicycle coherent terahertz radiation from relativistic electrons

We report the generation of tunable, narrow-band, few-cycle and multicycle coherent terahertz (THz) pulses from a temporally modulated relativistic electron beam. We demonstrate that the frequency of the THz radiation and the number of the oscillation cycles of the THz electric field can be tuned by changing the modulation period of the electron beam through a temporally shaped photocathode drive laser. The central frequency of the THz spectrum is tunable from ～0.26 to 2.6 THz with a bandwidth of ～0.16 THz.     

Observation of frequency-locked coherent terahertz Smith-Purcell radiation

We report the observation of enhanced coherent Smith-Purcell radiation (SPR) at terahertz (THz) frequencies from a train of picosecond bunches of 15 MeV electrons passing above a grating. SPR is more intense than other sources, such as transition radiation, by a factor of Ng, the number of grating periods. For electron bunches that are short compared with the radiation wavelength, coherent emission occurs, enhanced by a factor of Ne, the number of electrons in the bunch. The electron beam consists of a train of Nb bunches, giving an energy density spectrum restricted to harmonics of the 17 GHz bunch train frequency, with an increased energy density at these frequencies by a factor of Nb. We report the first observation of SPR displaying all three of these enhancements, NgNeNb. This powerful SPR THz radiation can be detected with a high signal to noise ratio by a heterodyne receiver.     

储存环全相干光源

基于电子储存环的同步辐射具有稳定性高、光子能量范围广、支持多用户等优势，但其辐射相干性较差。在储存环上实现相干辐射不但可以大幅提高辐射光的相干性，同时还可以极大地提高特定频谱范围内的光通量、亮度和能量分辨率。随着光通量的提高，其功率有可能达到工业应用的水平，这将拓展光源的应用范围。回顾了基于电子束储存环的各类相干光源的发展历史，并展望其发展趋势。     

高重复频率相干衍射辐射超宽谱太赫兹源

研究了一种新型相干衍射辐射（CDR）太赫兹源,该太赫兹源基于中国工程物理研究院自由电子激光相干强太赫兹源（FEL-THz）的加速器电子束束流,具有MHz量级重复频率。理论分析、数值计算和PIC模拟证明了此太赫兹源时间长度可达到ps量级,中心频率在100~400 GHz可调,截止频率位于1~2 THz,脉冲峰值功率可达10 kW量级,平均功率可达到W量级,并且功率随束流流强成平方正比关系。     

Coherent harmonic generation on UVSOR-II storage ring

Among the attractive coherent light sources resulting from the interaction between femtosecond lasers and relativistic electron beams, simultaneous Coherent Synchrotron Radiation (CSR) in the THz region, slicing and UV-VUV Coherent Harmonic Generation (CHG) can be achieved on synchrotron radiation facilities. Recently, a Ti:Sa laser at high repetition rate (1 kHz) has been seeded in the optical klystron of the Free Electron Laser at UVSOR-II (Okazaki, Japan). In this paper, the experimental set-up allowing delivery of sub picosecond UV pulses from CHG, and TeraHertz radiation from CSR is described. We further focus on the third coherent harmonic (266 nm) generated. The expected typical characteristics of this radiation, predicted by both numerical and analytical models recalled here, are experimentally verified and several studies of the influence of the seed laser on the output CHG intensity are reported. Such experiment enables UVSOR-II facility to produce in parallel short pulses at two different colors, synchronized at high repetition rate with one single infrared laser: a unique set-up of great interest for the facility users.     

Generation of 0.1 THz coherent synchrotron radiation with compact S-band linac at AIST

The 0.1 THz coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) was successfully generated in the 90° bending magnet of the compact S-band linac with the achromatic arc section using the ultra-short electron bunch which has the energy of 40 MeV, the bunch charge of about 1nc and the bunch length less than 1 ps (rms). The electron bunch compression of 1 nC electron bunch was achieved less than 1 ps (rms) by controlling the Q-magnets in the achromatic arc section as the bunch length was measured by the rms bunch length monitor.     

Characteristics of terahertz coherent transition radiation generated from picosecond ultrashort electron bunches

This paper presents a method of generating terahertz (THz) coherent transition radiation (CTR) from picosecond ultrashort electron bunches including single and train bunches, which are produced by a photocathode radio frequency gun. The radiation characteristics of THz CTR including formation factor and energy spectrum are analysed in detail. With the help of a 2-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation, the radiation characteristics including power, energy and magnetic field are analysed. The results show that the radiation frequency can be adjusted by tuning the repetition frequency of the train bunch and the energy can be enhanced with the train bunches.     

Experimental study on terahertz radiation

In this letter, we describe a coherent subpicosecond terahertz (THz) spectroscopy system based on nonresonant optical rectification for the generation of THz radiation. We studied the two-photon absorption (TPA) of ZnTe induced by femtosecond laser pulses via THz generation, and its influence on the generation of THz radiation. Experimental results demonstrated that the intensity of pump beam against TPA must be traded off to get an optimum generation of THz radiation. As an example, we measured absorption spectrum of water vapor by time-domain spectroscopy (TDS) in the frequency range from 0.5 to 2.5 THzwith a high overall accuracy.     

High Power THz Undulator Radiation from Linear Accelerator

A 30-MeV femto-second electron linac is built at the Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, which can produce high power, coherent THz undulator radiation. We report the experimental facility and measurement of the power, frequency spectrum. First experiments show the averaged power at THz to be about 20mW.     

THz Coherent Vavilov-Cherenkov Radiation in a Special Three-Mirror Cavity

In the modern science and technology a compact and having enough output power terahertz radiation source working in room temperature have earned great attention. This paper is devoted to utilize electron bunches stimulate Vavilov-Cherenkov Radiation (VCR) in a special three-mirror quasi-optical cavity to generate coherent THz waves. This novel three-mirror quasi-optical resonant cavity has the coaxial field pattern which enables field establish in this cavity effectively. The analytical theory of the radiation exited by a train of electron bunches in the special kind of three-mirror cavity has been carried out and the coherent VCR has been achieved by the computer simulation. All those shows that this method can be used to establish useful THz radiation source by the normal electron gun and the commonly used microwave devices.