确定SF_6-CO_2预放电参数的激光脉冲方法

在均匀电场中,用高能激光脉冲释放初始电子以研究负电性气体的电子崩的发展,决定预放电过程的基本参数(游离系数α,吸附系数η和漂移速度v等)是一个有用的方法,本文对此方法做了详细的分析。采用这种方法对SF_6-CO_2混合气体做了研究,获得了10~8个以上的初始电子及其分布,并给出了α/P,η/P和v与E/P(E=电场强度,P=气体压力)的关系。本文还对所用的测量系统做了讨论,提出了改进办法。     

Li2K(IO3)3与Li2NH4(IO3)3的晶体结构

本文用X射线粉末法测定了Li₂K(IO₃)₃与Li₂NH₄(IO₃)₃的晶体结构和原子参数。发现Li₃K(IO₃)₃,Li₂NH₄(IO₃)₃与Li₂Rb(IO₃)₃同晶型,属单斜晶系,空间群为P2₁/α,每个单胞含有四个化合式量。室温的点阵常数分别为α=11.198?,b=11.046?,c=8.254?,β=111.53°,及α=11.327?,b=11.078?,c=8.341?,β=111.87°。讨论了二元化合物的形成与离子半径的关系。 关键词：     

LiIO3多型性相变的进一步研究

本文用差热分析、恒温热处理、X射线衍射等方法,对LiIO₃在常压的相变过程做了进一步的研究。对于LiIO₃的常压相变机制有了较为详尽的了解。并发现LiIO₃在高温可相对稳定存在三个相:β,η和δ,它们可分别自行熔化,其熔点相应为:432℃,421℃和416℃,从它们的热经历和存在的温度范围,表明其稳定性顺序为β>η>δ。在室温干燥空气中,与α相和β相共存的还有ζ相,ζ相升温放热转变为β相。在α相存在的温区里,ζ相经过长时间热处理并不转变为α相,同时,ζ相转变为β相的温度比α相高。与α→β的情况相同,β对ζ→β也有诱导作用。而且的ζ存在对α→β也有促进作用。θ相(θ₁与θ₂)与γ相一样,是相变过程的中间过渡相。 关键词：     

2LiIO3·HIO3的晶体结构与相变

本文用差热分析、热失重以及X射线衍射等方法,对LiIO₃·HIO₃二元系的相平衡进行了研究,观察了以α-LiIO₃为基的固溶体和以2LiIO₃·HIO₃为基的固溶体的热学性质和晶体结构。2LiIO₃·HIO₃属六方晶系,空间群为P6₃,是α-LiIO₃的同晶型结构。20℃的点阵常数为:α=5.555?,c=4. 关键词：     

Ti1－x(Hf0.919Zr0.081)xNiSn的制备及热电性能

采用固相反应法合成了单相的Ti_1-x(Hf_0.919Zr_0.081) _xNiSn (x＝0.00—0.15)，并用放电等离子烧结方法制备出密实块体材料. 研究 了Hf和Zr同时在Ti位上的等电子合金化对Ti基半Heusler化合物热电性能的影响规律. 结果 表明：少量的Hf和微量的Zr在Ti位上的等电子合金化，显著地降低了体系的热导率κ，同时 显著地提高了体系的Seebeck系数α. 组成为Ti_{0.85关键词： 半Heusler 固相反应 热电性能}     

α-Al2O3单晶中Fe3+离子的电子顺磁共振

本文对α-Al₂O₃单晶体中Fe³⁺离子在室温下,X波段进行了电子顺磁共振研究,发现Fe³⁺离子实际上占据四种磁性不等价晶位。在同一氧离子层间的两种晶位上的Fe³⁺离子具有相同的自旋哈密顿参量,而不同氧离子层间的晶位上的Fe³⁺离子具有不同的自旋哈密顿参量,两种自旋哈密顿参量为:(1)g_‖=2.001,g_⊥=2.003,D=1679 关键词：     

Ce填充分数对p型CeyFe1.5Co2.5Sb12化合 物热电传输特性的影响

研究了Ce填充分数对富Co组成的填充式skutterudite化合物：Ce_yFe_{1.5Co2.5Sb12(y=0—0.46)的热电传输特性的影响.CeyFe1.5Co2.5Sb12有现为p型传导.霍尔系数ＲH随Ce填充分数的增加而增加,空穴浓度p和电导率σ随Ce填充分数的增加而减少.泽贝克 系数α随Ce填 关键词： 填充分数 载流子浓度 电导率 泽贝克系数 晶格热导率}     

LiKSO4的无公度相

本文用多晶X射线衍射配合差热分析的方法研究了LiKSO₄室温以上的相变。发现当温度在熔点以下到675℃之间,晶体结沟与α-K₂SO₄的高温相同构,α相最可能的空间群为P6₃/mmc.在T_i=675℃以下出现调制结构,类似K₂WO₄,K₂MoO₄等的无公度相;参数κ的值由0.492(640℃)而随温度变化。在470℃出现整合相变κ=0.500,整合后的结构为室温相的超点阵。然后在439℃转变为室温相(空间群为P6₃)。 关键词：     

SrCl2:Co++EPR谱电场效应的理论解释

本文从理论上研究了[111]方向电场对SrCl₂:Co⁺⁺的EPR谱的影响。结果表明:外电场使晶格发生畸变而偏离原来的O_h对称,成为C_3v。由此圆满地从理论上解释了零场分裂因子D随电场强度E线性变化的实验规律,并从理论上预言了晶格在平行电场方向的变化率为α=—8×10^-5α₀mm/kV,在垂直电场方向的变化率β=1.66×10^-4α₀关键词：     

使用基团理论计算KB5O8·4H2O晶体的倍频系数

本文使用基团理论计算KB₅O₈·4HO₂O(简称KB5)晶体的倍频系数,得到d₃₁=2.61×10^-10esu,d₃₂=007×10^-10esu,d₃₃=3.26×10^-10esu,与实验值符合较好。计算结果表明:氢键对KB5晶体的倍频系数有影响。本文还分析了KB5晶体倍频系数小的起因,除去[B₅O₆(OH)₄]^-1基团的微观倍频系数小外,还在于基团的空间排列方式不利,导至最大的微观倍频系数X₁₂₃相互抵消。最后,本文提出了在含四配位硼原子的硼氧化合物中寻找倍频新材料的结构判据。 关键词：     

Eine Untersuchung der Elektronenkomponente von Elektronenlawinen

The oscilloscopic study of pulses due to the electron component of avalanches in homogeneous fields confirms that the number of electrons increases exponentially with time. Measuring drift velocityv _? and applying recent measurements of the first Townsend coefficient α, we find the time constant τ to be equal to 1/α ·v _? as was expected. -We get the axial diffusion radius of the electron swarm and thus the mean energy of agitation (0.4 to 0.7 eV) and the cross section for electron impact. -Space charge influence becomes apparent with carrier numbers of about 10⁷ electrons, attenuating the temporal rate of further growth of the avalanche. This is in accordance with earlier work on avalanches done in our institute. The investigation was made with methane in the range of E/p from 28 to 58 V/cm · mm Hg, with pd-values from 50 to 1500 cm · mm Hg, with mean gas amplification from e¹² to e¹⁷, and with gap widths of 2, 3, and 6 cm.     

In-beam conversion electrons from 141Pr, 143Pm, 144Pm and 145Pm excited by (α, xn) and (p,n) reactions

Electromagnetic transitions between low-lying states in the odd proton nuclei ₅₉¹⁴¹Pr₈₂, ₆₁¹⁴³Pm₈₂, ₆₁¹⁴⁴Pm₈₃ and ₆₁¹⁴⁵Pm₈₄ with neutron numbers N ≈ 82 were studied by means of in-beam electron-gamma spectroscopy. The triple-focusing electron spectrum selector (TESS) was used to measure in-beam conversion electrons. The TESS, giving very good electron line spectra with small background, was found to be very powerful for in-beam spectroscopy. Accurate values for the internal conversion coefficients (ICC) were obtained by measuring simultaneously both conversion electrons and γ-rays. M2, E3 and some other multipolarities were uniquely assigned from the ICC for the γ-transitions between low-lying states. Properties of these transitions and energy levels are discussed. Analyses of the M2 and E3 transition rates gave, respectively, an isospin-spin (magnetic) core polarization effect and an octupole core polarization effect. The l-forbidden M1 transitions were analyzed in terms of the tensor terms.     

Effective ionization coefficients and electron drift velocities in gasmixtures of CF3I with N2 and CO2 obtained from Boltzmannequation analysis

The electron swarm parameters including the density-normalized effective ionization coefficients (α-η)/N and the electron drift velocities V_e are calculated for the gas mixture of CF₃I with N₂ and CO₂ by solving the Boltzmann equation in the condition of steady-state Townsend (SST) experiment. The overall density-reduced electric field strength is from 100 Td to 1000 Td (1 Td=10^-17 V·cm²), while the CF₃I content k in the gas mixture can be varied over the range from 0% to 100%. From the variation of (α-η)/N with the CF₃I mixture ratio k, the limiting field strength (E/N)_lim for each CF₃I concentration is derived. It is found that for the mixtures with 70% CF₃I, the values of (E/N)_lim are essentially the same as that for pure SF₆. Additionally, the global warming potential (GWP) and the liquefaction temperature of the gas mixtures are also taken into account to evaluate the possibility of applying in the gas insulation of power equipment.     

Low-energy transition depopulating the isomeric 8+ level in 208Po

Conversion electron measurements of the low-energy transition depopulating the isomeric 8⁺ level in ²⁰⁸Po yielded E_γ = 4025 ± 20 eV and the conversion intensity ratios N₁/N₂ ? 0.2, N₂/N₃ = 0.75 ± 0.10, N_4.5/N₃ ? 0.2, O/N₃ = 0.35 ± 0.10, P/N₃ ? 0.1 and N₃/M₃ = 0.4 ± 0.2. These ratios are in accord with our calculations for the E2 multipolarity and exclude all other multipolarities with L ≦ 4. The total conversion coefficient was calculated to be 1.31 × 10⁷.     

The E0 component of the 689 keV 2β → 2g transition in Sm

The electric monopole contribution to the 689 keV 2_β → 2_g transition in ¹⁵²Sm is studied by measuring the 689K-122γ directional correlation. The result for the directional correlation coefficient is a₂ (Kγ) = 0.10±0.05. This value is used together with earlier electron and γ-ray intensity data to evaluate the E0/E2 electron amplitude and the M1 penetration parameter. The corresponding E0/E2 mixing ratio is compared with recent theoretical predictions.     

Electric monopole component in the 2+' → 2+ transition in 192Pt

Angular correlation measurements of K- and L-conversion electrons following the decay ¹⁹²Ir → ¹⁹²Pt have been made using a spectrometer with Ge(Li) and Si (Li) detectors. Absolute and relative internal conversion coefficients of transitions in ¹⁹²Pt were measured, using an ICC and prism β-spectrometers, to ≈ 2 % and values of δ_γ determined from the relative ICC. The experimental values measured in the study, A₂₂(K296γ316) = 0.138 ± 0.010, A₂₂(L296γ316) = 0.125 ± 0.013, α_K(296) = 0.0711 ± 0.0011, K/L_III = 9.65 ± 0.13. With δ_γ = + 5.4 ± 0.2, were employed for determining the E0/E2 amplitude ratios of conversion transitions, q(E0/E2), and the penetration parameter λ of the Ml component for the 2⁺' → 2⁺ (296 keV) transition in ¹⁹²Pt. The angular correlation measurements of L-conversion electrons enabled the elimination of one of two ranges of values of q and λ usually obtained. For the first time in our work, analysis of the e_Lγ angular correlation for the determination of the E0 component in the transition was carried out. As a result, q = +0.04 ± 0.05 with λ = ?4.5 ± 3.5 was obtained for the 296 keV transition. In this case, _ρ(E0) = 0.004 ± 0.005 agrees with _ρ(E0) = +0.006 determined theoretically by Kumar and Baranger for the 2⁺' → 2⁺ transition     

Level structure of 147Nd2 (iii). The 146Nd(n,e?) reaction

The conversion electrons following thermal neutron capture in ¹⁴⁶Nd have been studied in the energy range 30 < E_e < 125 keV, with a conversion electron spectrometer installed at the Grenoble high-flux reactor. Precise values of the multipole mixing ratio M1/E2 have been obtained for transitions up to 100 keV. Furthermore, the spin and parity for the 215 keV level is verified. The states of ¹⁴⁷Nd are compared with the two other N = 87 isotones; the properties of these nuclei can be understood in the framework of the spherical shell model.     

Low energy (E0 < 10 keV) atom and ion scattering of neon from a Cu(100) surface; Ionization and neutralization

The ion fractions η⁺ of low energy (5–10 keV) neon particles scattered from a Cu(100) surface are measured with a time of flight spectrometer. These fractions are obtained for neutral as well as charged projectiles and for different crystal directions. The scattering angle θ was 30°. For a primary energy E₀ of 5 keV neutral projectiles have a value for η⁺ which is 30 times lower than for charged projectiles; these values are 0.15 and 4.5% respectively. For E₀ = 10 keV the values of η⁺ are about the same (~22%). Energy differences up to 22 eV, depending on E₀, are observed between the single scattering peaks in the ion spectra of charged and neutral projectiles but also between the single scattering peak in the spectra of all scattered particles and of ions, with ions as projectiles. A qualitative discussion of these data is given, involving charge transfer processes of noble gas particle and target atom. The data suggest that these neutralization processes can be described more adequately with interatomic neutralization processes along the trajectory than with Auger neutralization by conduction electrons.     

Some thermomagnetic transport effects of Cd3P2

In this paper for the first time measurements are presented of the transverse Nernst effect, the Righi-Leduc effect and the Maggi-Righi-Leduc effect in cadmium phosphide. The measurements were performed on unoriented Cd₃P₂ single crystals, with electron concentrations in the range 0.05–1.7 × 10²⁴m^?, at 110 and 300 K in magnetic fields up to 1.8 $\text{Wb}\text{m}{}^2$. We also measured the room temperature dependence of the zero-field Seebeck coefficient on electron concentration of a large number of undoped and Cu-doped samples. A reversal of sign of the transverse Nernst effect was observed at an electron concentration of about 1.2?1.5 × 10²⁴ m^?3. This reversal of sign and the zero-field Seebeck coefficient vs electron concentration for undoped material can be quantitatively described by a Kane-type conduction band with ?_g = 0.50 eV, m¹_e = 0.040 m_o and a scattering parameter r = ?1. (Optical phonon scattering, if interpreted in a single mode.) This strongly confirms the results of Radautsan et al. that Cd₃P₂ has a non-parabolic Kane-type conduction band. The Righi-Leduc and Maggi-Righi-Leduc effect measurements at 110 K on samples with high electron concentrations, yielded Lorenz numbers only half their theoretical values, indicating that the electron scattering contains an inelastic contribution.     

Covalent distribution of spin in V2O3:O17 nuclear resonance

O¹⁷ nuclear magnetic resonance has been observed in metallic V₂O₃ with frequency shifts from (?0.10 ± 0.02)-(?0.05 ± 0.02) per cent between 170 and 460°K respectively, a linewidth of 37 ± 5 oe and spin-lattice relaxation rate 1/T₁ ≈ 60 sec^?1 at 296°K. From these quantities, covalency parameters f_s/2S = ? 0.35 × 10^?3 and ?_π/2S ≈ ? 0.07 are calculated. One of the two vanadium 3d electrons in the antiferromagnetic state below the 170°K metal-insulator transition is inferred to lie in a non-magnetic state, while covalent charge transfer augments the spin moment of the other 3d electron to the observed 1.2 μ_B.