棱镜分光光谱仪的光学系统设计与光谱特性计算

设计了离轴全球面成像光谱仪和离轴校正透镜棱镜分光成像光谱仪两种光学系统.在离轴全球面成像光谱仪的基础上,提出了改进型离轴校正透镜光谱仪,仅采用一个色散棱镜,避免了大口径同心透镜;有效校正了大视场像差,色散非线性修正效果显著.通过调节离轴角和光谱仪的焦距控制了畸变,补偿了与波长相关的狭缝弯曲,减小了残余像差,并降低了整个光谱仪工程实施的难度.从工程合理性、加工可实现性和光学性能等方面比较了两个系统的特点,推导和给出了光谱分辨率和狭缝弯曲的计算结果.从设计结果看,改进型离轴校正透镜光谱仪的传递函数最小值大于75%,而离轴全球面成像光谱仪的最小值只大于60%.从加工难易程度看,离轴全球面成像光谱仪采用一个接近Φ200mm的石英透镜,其透射材料远不如改进型离轴校正透镜光谱仪透镜材料的均匀性和面形准确度高,而且大口径透镜大大增加了制备难度和成本.从工程布局看,改进型离轴校正透镜光谱仪充分考虑了与机械结构的匹配,狭缝与第一面反射镜的轴向距离较合理.从光谱特性看,两个光学系统的光谱分辨率结果基本接近,离轴全球面成像光谱仪光谱弯曲结果略好于离轴校正透镜结构.因此,综合比较得出离轴校正透镜光谱仪是最佳的选择方案,该系统可应用在短波红外波段的光谱成像的遥感探测.     

棱镜分光光谱仪的光学系统设计与光谱特性计算

设计了离轴全球面成像光谱仪和离轴校正透镜棱镜分光成像光谱仪两种光学系统.在离轴全球面成像光谱仪的基础上,提出了改进型离轴校正透镜光谱仪,仅采用一个色散棱镜,避免了大口径同心透镜;有效校正了大视场像差,色散非线性修正效果显著.通过调节离轴角和光谱仪的焦距控制了畸变,补偿了与波长相关的狭缝弯曲,减小了残余像差,并降低了整个光谱仪工程实施的难度.从工程合理性、加工可实现性和光学性能等方面比较了两个系统的特点,推导和给出了光谱分辨率和狭缝弯曲的计算结果.从设计结果看,改进型离轴校正透镜光谱仪的传递函数最小值大于75％,而离轴全球面成像光谱仪的最小值只大于60％.从加工难易程度看,离轴全球面成像光谱仪采用一个接近Φ200 mm的石英透镜,其透射材料远不如改进型离轴校正透镜光谱仪透镜材料的均匀性和面形准确度高,而且大口径透镜大大增加了制备难度和成本.从工程布局看,改进型离轴校正透镜光谱仪充分考虑了与机械结构的匹配,狭缝与第一面反射镜的轴向距离较合理.从光谱特性看,两个光学系统的光谱分辨率结果基本接近,离轴全球面成像光谱仪光谱弯曲结果略好于离轴校正透镜结构.因此,综合比较得出离轴校正透镜光谱仪是最佳的选择方案,该系统可应用在短波红外波段的光谱成像的遥感探测.     

漫反射板法定标成像光谱仪特性研究

采用漫反射板法定标成像光谱仪是近年来发展起来的一种辐射定标新技术,它具有实现容易、定标精度较高的特点。文章根据漫反射板定标法的原理,对于成像光谱仪狭缝平行和垂直纸面两种特殊定标状况,推导出相应的光谱辐射信号电子数采集表达式,数值分析了在此两种定标状况下成像光谱仪光谱辐射定标的特性。结果表明,成像光谱仪狭缝取向对光谱辐射定标结果有明显不同的影响,对于狭缝平行纸面情况下,不同景物像元相同光谱通道采集到的信号电子数是不同的,越靠近辐照度标准灯,采集到的信号电子数越多,反之亦然;对于狭缝垂直纸面情况下,不同景物像元相同光谱通道采集到的信号电子数是相同的。     

静态双增益阿达玛光谱仪光谱的重叠错位分析与校正

为平衡光栅色散型光谱仪光通量、系统信噪比和光谱分辨率之间的矛盾,介绍了一种基于微狭缝阵列的静态双增益阿达玛光谱仪.在分析其实现静态双增益工作原理的基础上,阐述了由于阿达玛编码模板多狭缝阵列引起的光谱重叠的原因.为实现静态双增益阿达玛光谱仪光谱重叠校正,理论推导了光谱偏移量与阿达玛编码模板狭缝空间位置之间的关系,以及分光后某波长空间错位量与码元(狭缝)空间位置、波长之间的关系.仿真实验验证了此方法简单有效,无需复杂计算,修正速度快,易于编程实现.     

色散型成像光谱仪整机成像质量研究

根据色散型成像光谱仪静态和扫描成像两种工作模式的特性,提出了通过狭缝法测试成像光谱仪系统静态的调制传递函数(modulation transfer function,MTF),通过刀口法测试系统扫描成像的MTF的完整的测试方案,并给出了测试实例。刀口法给出了系统扫描成像时沿扫描方向和垂直扫描方向的MTF;狭缝法采用虚拟狭缝代替成像光谱仪的自身狭缝测试了系统静态时的MTF,两者测试结果基本吻合。虚拟狭缝法对于其他存在狭缝的成像光谱仪系统成像质量的测试具有借鉴意义。     

基于光纤多狭缝的亚像元光谱采样及复原

光栅光谱仪的分辨率与其光通量之间存在折衷的关系。亚像元-反卷积序列光谱图复原方法可以在不降低光通量的前提下提高其分辨率。为使该方法能够应用在采用阵列探测器的小型便携式光谱仪上,提出了一种光纤多狭缝的设计方法,以获取亚像元重建所必须的序列光谱图。该方案的主要优点是无需微动机构,没有显著的像差变化,有利于简化算法。     

推扫型干涉成像光谱仪去除条带非均匀性的方法

分析了推扫型干涉成像光谱仪的结构特点和工作原理,指出了由于加工误差导致入射狭缝的宽度不均匀,使干涉图像沿狭缝方向存在亮度差异,复原后的光谱立方体图像上出现平行于推扫方向的非均匀性条带,影响了光谱立方体的图像质量和光谱精确度.采取校正系数法去除条带,讨论了获取校正系数的方法,并使用仪器的定标干涉数据提取成像面上沿狭缝方向...     

光学多通道分析仪的分辨率分析

介绍了光学多通道分析仪 (Optic Multichannel Analyzer,OMA)的基本组成和工作原理 ,着重分析了OMA系统中光谱仪的狭缝宽度、光栅参数和 CCD的像素尺度对 OMA系统分辨率的影响。得到的结论是 :OMA系统的分辨率是由系统中分辨率最低的环节决定的 ,无限制地减小狭缝宽度无助于系统分辨率的提高。     

现代高分辨拉曼光谱仪的配置及应用研究

拉曼光谱分辨率是关系到从光谱中提取出样品结构信息的关键参数,高分辨拉曼光谱能够提供更多、更精细的样品有关信息。在此全面分析了现代高分辨拉曼光谱仪中决定光谱分辨率的各参数,辨析了易于混淆的分辨率和色散度概念。用理论分析和实验结果说明光栅密度与光谱分辨率的关系以及采用高密度光栅增进光谱分辨率所受到的限制、如何利用长焦长光栅增进光谱分辨率而不损害仪器通光效率、入射狭缝宽度对光谱分辨率及灵敏度的影响,在此基础上如何求得一个合理的平衡选择;并且用不同配置的现代新型拉曼光谱仪实验研究了多层硅结构中的应力分布和单壁碳纳米管管径分布,实验结果清晰地佐证了以上分析,并充分说明了拉曼光谱测量中选择分辨率的重要性。     

阿达玛光谱仪的入射狭缝选择方法研究

为了确定光谱仪的入射多狭缝结构设计的可靠依据,研究了4种阿达玛S型狭缝阵列发生衍射后的光强分布.采用MEMS加工技术制作出最小狭缝单元为6 μm×6 μm的一体式微硅片阿达玛狭缝阵列,对3种S7型狭缝和一种S15型狭缝进行比较.首先利用阿达玛矩阵构造狭缝阵列的孔径函数,得到了衍射后的光强分布函数;然后运用Matlab软件对光强分布函数仿真,获得了符种狭缝衍射后的光强分布图及光通镀对比.搭建了试验装置进行验证,试验表明实际衍射光强分布及光通量间的比值都与仿真结果相符.最后分析了狭缝结构参数对光强分布的影响,总结了S型狭缝阵列衍射规律.所提出的衍射光强分布方法,为光谱仪中入射狭缝的选择与设计提供了理论依据,为实际应用提供了有价值的参考.     

推扫型干涉成像光谱仪去除条带非均匀性的方法

分析了推扫型干涉成像光谱仪的结构特点和工作原理,指出了由于加工误差导致入射狭缝的宽度不均匀,使干涉图像沿狭缝方向存在亮度差异,复原后的光谱立方体图像上出现平行于推扫方向的非均匀性条带,影响了光谱立方体的图像质量和光谱精确度.采取校正系数法去除条带,讨论了获取校正系数的方法,并使用仪器的定标干涉数据提取成像面上沿狭缝方向的不均匀特性,获得了校正系数,对干涉图像进行处理以消除条带.结果表明:校正系数法能够去除大部分条带.根据处理后残余条带的情况,在没有在轨定标数据的情况下,使用均匀景物的光谱立方体数据提取不均匀特性,修改了校正系数,有效地消除了残余条带.     

CCD狭缝摄象

在过去的几十年中,各靶场已广泛应用狭缝摄影对种种飞行弹丸的多项重要技术参数进行测试,它在许多测试项目中应用的有效性、广泛性和经济性已被人们所肯定。据报道,在国外的一些靶场所进行的发射试验中,狭缝摄影机曾占全部测试设备中所使用的摄影仪器的百分之九十,这是因为狭缝摄影有其独特的、其它方法不可比拟的优点。     

狭缝相机测量目标速度的精度分析

本文对狭缝相机测量目标速度的公式: V₀=(l/l′)V_F(1)V₀=tgφ·V_F/M(2)进行了分析;讨论了影响测量精度的因素。用X—70狭缝摄影机对目标进行了多次拍摄,得到了翔实的实验数据,并对数据进行了处理。根据(1)式计算的目标速度与速度的标定值作了比较;扫描拍摄时,根据(2)式计算的速度与自由落体运动的理论速度进行了比较。得出了XF—70狭缝相机作同步摄影时,其测量速度的相对精度达0.2%。用作扫描摄影时,其速度测量精度相对达0.8%的结论。     

Phase behavior and fluid-solid surface tension of argon in slit pores and carbon nanotubes

Phase behaviors of argon in several types of cylindrical and slit pores are examined by grand-canonical Monte Carlo simulations. Condensation processes in single- and multi-walled carbon nanotubes along with those in hard-wall tubes are compared. Effects of the pore size on pressure-tensor components, the fluid-wall surface tension, and the adsorption are also compared for the different fluid-pore interactions. The chemical potential at which the fluid begins to condense in the single-walled nanotube is greater than that in the multi-walled nanotube by an amount nearly equal to the difference in the potential-well depth of the fluid-pore interaction, and the adsorption isotherms overlap each other almost completely for narrow pores and partially for wider pores. Similar analyses are performed for slit pores of two different hydrocarbon models.     

Prediction of the spatial characteristics of higher mode sound transmission through a periodic slit screen

Periodic slit screens are often installed in rectangular apertures either to mask the opening or to reduce transmitted noise. This investigation considers the higher-order scattered and transmitted sound from a point source through a periodic screen mounted in a rigid baffle. In particular, this paper considers the spatial characteristics, or directivity, of the scattered field for a particular higher order mode. Uncoupled higher-order mode analysis is used to estimate the scattered and transmitted sound fields for the selected mode of the aperture without the presence of the screen. Transmission coefficients for the screens are then calculated using the well established equivalent mass layer effect and applied to the calculated higher-order mode scattered and transmitted sound pressures. Using an anechoic chamber, measurements were made over a small arc of the scattered sound field through a range of screens of different aspect ratios but the same porosity. The screens consisted of equally spaced open slits and solid laths and the number of slits was reduced to change the aspect ratio. In each case the point source was positioned on the impinging side of the aperture so as to drive one particular scattered higher-order aperture mode at or near cut-on. Comparison of the measured and predicted sound pressures indicate that good estimates of the sound field can be obtained through the approach of applying simple corrections for the presence of the screens to the estimates for the open aperture established using uncoupled calculations for the higher-order modes. It is also shown that the results for a specific mode excited at one particular frequency are applicable at other excitation frequencies provided that the correct non-dimensionalisation is applied.     

单缝衍射图像的仿真与研究

应用M atlab编程仿真单缝衍射形成的图像及全息图,数值模拟了夫琅禾费衍射和费聂耳衍射的衍射图和全息图,分析比较了它们的区别和联系,研究结果为电磁波发射中天线的探测提供理论依据。     

Spectral properties of stochastic electromagnetic twist anisotropic Gaussian-Schell model beam truncated by a slit aperture propagating in turbulent atmosphere

With the help of the tensor method, the cross-spectral density matrix for the stochastic electromagnetic twist anisotropic Gaussian-Schell model (ETAGSM) beam truncated by a slit aperture propagating in turbulent atmosphere are derived. The spectral properties of this kind of beam are investigated in detail. It is shown by numerical results and analysis that the affection of the slit aperture on the spectral properties of the stochastic ETAGSM beam is obvious in the near field; while in the far field, the atmospheric turbulence plays an important role; the source beam's coherence can weaken the affection of the slit aperture and the atmospheric turbulence on the spectral properties of the stochastic ETAGSM beam truncated by a slit aperture propagating in turbulent atmosphere, while the twist properties of the source beam can strong the affection of the slit aperture on the spectral properties in the near field. Also, the spectral degree of polarization and normalized spectral density distributions and corresponding contour graphs of the stochastic ETAGSM beam truncated by a slit aperture propagating in turbulent atmosphere and free space at different propagation distances are investigated in detail.     

The extraordinary optical transmission through double-layer gold slit arrays

We present the numerical investigation of the optical transmission through a periodic gold nano-slit structure composed with two non-identical layers, and compare it with that of double-layer structure with two identical layers. The optical enhancement is attributed to the surface Plasmon resonance collaborated with the localized waveguide resonance. It is shown that the transmission behaviors are strongly dependent on the layer separation and lateral displacement between the two single metallic gratings. Especially, it is found that extraordinary transmission exists even if the slit of one layer shifts laterally over that of the other one to the situation that no light can propagate directly when layer separation D = 0. When the slit widths of two layers are not equal, the surface plasmon resonance peak alternately decreases and increases twice, and the localized waveguide resonance peak appears at a longer wavelength as the lateral displacement varies for a non-zero layer separation, which differs from the situation with two identical layers. These transmission properties of the structures show promise for applications in optical devices.     

氧气放电等离子体温度测量研究

为了考察电激励氧碘激光器中放电腔内的宏观气体温度,由两片蚌形铜电极和一根长30 cm内径1.65 cm的耐热玻璃管构成放电腔装置,用一台最高功率500 W,频率13.56 MHz的射频装置对压力1 330Pa的纯氧气体进行了介质阻挡放电研究。利用O2(b,ν=0)的P支发射光谱,分别采用波尔兹曼直线作图法和计算机模拟发射光谱法,测量了氧气射频放电等离子体的宏观气体温度。对于低分辨率光谱,利用高斯拟合进行了分峰处理,利用峰面积表征发光强度,通过波尔兹曼作图法得到了宏观气体温度。利用氦氖激光器测得的光谱仪狭缝函数获得了计算1机模拟发射光谱,以最小二乘法作为判据,通过比较计算机模拟发射光谱和实测光谱获得了宏观气体温度。