纳米流体对脉动热管最佳充液率的影响

本文通过实验着重研究了一脉动热管在不同充液率下充入体积分数为0.05%、粒径为80 nm的柱状Al₂O₃纳米流体后传热性能的变化情况。结果表明:1)该纳米流体可以明显强化本实验中的脉动热管传热性能,但随着输入功率的增加,强化作用减弱;2)在充入该纳米流体后,脉动热管的最佳充液率由40%降为30%;3)充液率影响纳米流体的强化作用,总的来说充液率越高纳米流体的强化作用越弱。     

一种复杂非线性传热元件的传热及污垢特征

振动强化传热由于需要外部能量而未能工业应用,流体诱导振动不需要外部能量,却被作为换热器运行过程中的事故而严格防止。本文提出了一种新的传热元件,使流体诱导的振动既能够不断地进行,又不会导致元件的损坏。理论分析并实验研究了振动与传热特征,形成了利用流体诱导振动强化传热的新方法。     

碳纳米流体强化传热研究

在去离子水中分别添加了单壁、多壁碳纳米管材料,通过配比一定质量的亲水性分散剂,经超声波振荡试制了水基碳纳米流体。测试分析了不同碳纳米管材料质量分数下的纳米流体热导率和动力粘度等重要热物性参数。测试结果表明:碳纳米管粒子能够强化基液工质导热性能,随着其质量分数的增加,水基单壁、多壁碳纳米流体热导率均明显提高;单壁碳纳米流体粘度显著增加,多壁碳纳米流体粘度无明显变化,多壁碳管更适用于纳米流体强化传热。     

ZrO2纳米流体的对流换热系数测定及机理浅析

建立了测量圆管内纳米流体流动与传热性能的实验系统,测量了不同粒子浓度的ZrO2/水纳米流体在雷诺数为3 000～18 000范围内的管内对流换热系数以及不同位置处纳米流体对流换热系数的变化情况.实验结果显示,在液体中添加纳米粒子显著增大了液体的管内对流换热系数,例如,在相同雷诺数时,与纯水相比,如果纳米粒子的质量浓度从1.6%增大到4.1%,则纳米流体的对流换热系数增加的比例从1.09增大到1.2.此外,从颗粒的浓度、粒径两方面分析纳米流体强化传热的机理.     

多蒸发器CPL热管及纳米流体应用于热管的研究进展

毛细泵回路热管(CPL)具有较高的传热能力,控温能力强,在航空和电子元器件的冷却方面具有广泛的应用背景,采用纳米流体强化热管内部的传热性能获得了越来越多的关注.文中首先介绍了多蒸发器CPL热管的工作原理、特点及研究现状;其次分析纳米流体应用于各种热管强化传热的研究现状,指出以纳米流体为工质的多蒸发器CPL的特点及其优势...     

振荡流热管自激强化传热特性实验研究

针对回路型振荡流热管,从自激强化(被动强化)传热的角度出发,通过实验对比分析,分别研究了热管采用非均匀截面结构、管内工质为Cu-H2O纳米流体以及热管采用不等径结构时的强化传热特性.实验研究结果表明:采用上述三种强化传热的方法,在特定条件下,都分别不同程度地起到了强化传热的效果,为振荡流热管强化传热的进一步研究奠定了基础.     

微酒窝通道与圆柱面凹槽通道对流传热强化分析

结合对流传热场协同原理分析了微酒窝通道、圆柱面凹槽通道及低肋通道强化传热特点,研究发现酒窝与圆柱面凹槽强化传热主要原因为:1)增加近壁区流体扰动,促进酒窝或凹槽内部流体与主流之间的传热;2)酒窝与凹槽均可扩展传热面积,进而提高总传热量。与低肋通道相比,酒窝与圆柱面凹槽仅对其附近流体的流动产生影响,而对主流流体的流动影响较小,进而阻力增加较少。提出传热量单元性能参数PEC_A作为评价指标,酒窝通道综合性能参数略高于圆柱面凹槽通道,而远高于低肋通道。     

纳米流体强化传热研究

本文通过在液体中添加纳米级金属或金属氧化物粒子,研制了一种新型传热冷却工质—纳米流体,并对纳米流体的悬浮稳定性和均匀性进行了研究,给出的纳米流体电镜照片显示了悬浮液具有较高的分散性、稳定性;同时,介绍了纳米流体导热系数的理论分析方法,运用瞬态热线法测定了不同种类、不同体积份额配比的纳米流体的导热系数,分析了纳米粒子属性、份额、形状和尺度等因素对纳米流体导热系数的影响。     

黏弹性流体基铜纳米流体流动与传热实验研究

成功建立了流体流动阻力和换热性能测试实验台,在45℃的流体温度下,对不同铜粒子体积分数和基液浓度的纳米流体在湍流状态下的对流换热特性和流动阻力进行了实验测量。实验结果表明:黏弹性流体基液中添加纳米粒子后,在降低对应基液减阻率的同时能明显增强传热性能.例如,将1.0%体积分数的铜纳米粒子添加到质量分数为6×10~(-4)的基液中所形成的黏弹性流体基纳米流体其综合性能指数K=0.47,表现了很好的传热强化和减阻性能.     

不凝性气体对纳米通道内水分子流动传热影响的分子动力学模拟

随着电子元件高性能化和小型化的发展,纳米通道内工质的流动传热问题受到了更多的关注.本文采用分子动力学模拟方法,模拟了300,325,350 K的纳米通道中流体的流动传热情况,工质为水,水中不凝性气体用氩气代替.结果表明:流动过程中,氩原子形成高势能团簇,随着温度升高,流体势能上升,团簇逐渐减小或消失;少量气体原子能够促进流动,而较多氩气会导致通道中心区域形成较大气体团簇而阻碍流动,同时,被加热的工质能显著减小流动阻力系数;近壁面区域流体温度高于中心区域,团簇内部原子活动更加剧烈,平均分子动能更大,温度更高;水的氢键结构可以促进纳米通道内的传热,氩原子会影响氢键数量,高温会破坏水分子形成的氢键网络,使努塞尔数下降.本研究分析了不凝性气体影响下微通道内水分子流动传热的机理,为电子设备的强化传热提供了理论指导.     

Heat Transfer Performance Of Viscoelastic-Fluid-Based Nanofluid Pipe Flow At Entrance Region

Heat transfer performances of viscoelastic fluid, water-based Cu nanofluid, and viscoelastic-fluid-based Cu nanofluid flows in a circular pipe at a Peclet number of 40,000 were experimentally studied. It indicates that the viscoelastic fluid turbulent flow gives great heat transfer reduction, while the water-based Cu nanofluid flow shows significant heat transfer enhancement. The viscoelastic-fluid-based Cu nanofluid also exhibits heat transfer enhancement as compared with viscoelastic base fluid flow. The effects of nanoparticle volume fraction, mass concentration of viscoelastic base fluid, and temperature on local convective heat transfer coefficient and possible heat transfer enhancement mechanisms of nanofluid flows were discussed.     

Numerical investigation of laminar flow and heat transfer in a radial flow cooling system with the use of nanofluids

Nanofluids, because of their enhanced heat transfer capability as compared to normal water/glycol/oil based fluids, offer the engineer opportunities for development in areas where high heat transfer, low temperature tolerance and small component size are required. In this present paper, the hydrodynamic and thermal fields of a water–γAl₂O₃ nanofluid in a radial laminar flow cooling system are considered. Results indicate that considerable heat transfer enhancement is possible, even achieving a twofold increase in the case of a 10% nanoparticle volume fraction nanofluid. On the other hand, an increase in wall shear stress is also noticed with an increase in particle volume concentration.     

Intriguingly high convective heat transfer enhancement of nanofluid coolants in laminar flows

We reported on investigation of the convective heat transfer enhancement of nanofluids as coolants in laminar flows inside a circular copper tube with constant wall temperature. Nanofluids containing Al₂O₃, ZnO, TiO₂, and MgO nanoparticles were prepared with a mixture of 55 vol.% distilled water and 45 vol.% ethylene glycol as base fluid. It was found that the heat transfer behaviors of the nanofluids were highly depended on the volume fraction, average size, species of the suspended nanoparticles and the flow conditions. MgO, Al₂O₃, and ZnO nanofluids exhibited superior enhancements of heat transfer coefficient, with the highest enhancement up to 252% at a Reynolds number of 1000 for MgO nanofluid. Our results demonstrated that these oxide nanofluids might be promising alternatives for conventional coolants.     

纳米流体在热管中应用的研究进展

随着纳米流体用于换热器的强化换热,纳米流体热管换热器的研究逐步扩展到各个领域,从航天到化工,从电子到能源。纳米流体热管由于表面温度低,较高的传热系数和较小的热阻,受到了广泛的关注。文中总结了纳米流体热管国内外的最新研究进展。     

Experimental Study of Laminar Convective Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop of Cuprous Oxide/Water Nanofluid Inside a Circular Tube

Laminar convective heat transfer enhancement of cuprous oxide (Cu₂O)/water nanofluid flowing through a circular tube was investigated experimentally in the present work. A continuous closed loop was designed to measure heat transfer coefficients and pressure drop associated with the flow of Cu₂O/water nanofluid over a wide range of laminar flow conditions. Comparison of the nanofluid experimental results with those of pure water have shown significant enhancement for heat transfer coefficients. On average, a 10% increase in heat transfer coefficient was observed with 16% penalty in pressure drop.     

KKL correlation for simulation of nanofluid flow and heat transfer in a permeable channel

Hydrothermal behavior of nanofluid fluid between two parallel plates is studied. One of the plates is externally heated, and the other plate, through which coolant fluid is injected, expands or contracts with time. The effective thermal conductivity and viscosity of nanofluid are calculated by KKL correlation. The effects of the nanoparticle volume fraction, Reynolds number, Expansion ratio and power law index on Hydrothermal behavior are investigated. Results show that heat transfer enhancement has direct relationship with Reynolds number when power law index is equals to zero but opposite trend is observed for other values of power law index.     

纳米颗粒聚集形态对纳米流体导热系数的影响

纳米流体中悬浮的纳米颗粒可以增强其导热性能已经得到广泛认可,然而纳米流体颗粒增强传热的机理目前尚不清楚.研究表明,纳米颗粒的聚集是纳米流体导热系数增大的重要机制,而且纳米颗粒聚集的形态对纳米流体的导热系数有重要影响,但是目前的导热系数模型大多是建立在Maxwell有效介质理论的"静态"和"均匀分散"假设基础上.本文用平衡分子动力学模拟Cu-Ar纳米流体,采用Green-Kubo公式计算导热系数,采用Schmidt-Ott关系式计算不同聚集形态下的分形维数.对比导热系数与分形维数可以发现:在相同体积分数下,较低的分形维数会有更高的导热系数,分析了分形维数与导热系数的定量关系.此外,通过径向分布函数可以看出纳米颗粒紧密聚集与松散聚集的差异,基液分子在纳米颗粒附近的纳米薄层中处于动态平衡状态.研究结果有助于理解纳米颗粒聚集形态对导热系数的影响机理.     

纳米流体对流换热的实验研究

建立了测量纳米流体对流换热系数的实验系统,测量了不同粒子体积份额的水-Cu纳米流体在层流与湍流状态下的管内对流换热系数,实验结果表明,在液体中添加纳米粒子增大了液体的管内对流换热系数,粒子的体积份额是影响纳米流体对流换热系数的因素之一。综合考虑影响纳米流体对流换热的多种因素,提出了计算纳米流体对流换热系数的关联式。     

水平管内凝结换热研究现状及展望

鉴于水平管内凝结在冷凝器中有着广泛的应用。从实验和模型两个方面,综述了国内外对水平管内流动凝结换热的研究。对多种公开发表的制冷工质凝结换热关联式的适用性和准确性进行了分析。同时指出了现有研究方法和研究内容的不足,以及应进一步深入研究之处。     

Investigation on Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop of Copper–Water Nanofluid Flow in Plain and Perforated Channels

This article reports an experimental study on copper–water nanofluid flow inside plain and perforated channels. The effects of flow rate and nanoparticle concentration on the heat transfer and pressure drop are studied. It is found that the perforated channel has a remarkable heat transfer enhancement of 24.6%. Furthermore, by using the copper–water nanofluid instead of the base fluid, the heat transfer coefficient as well as pressure drop are increased for both plain and perforated channels. A noticeable thermal performance factor of 1.34 is obtained for the simultaneous utilization of both the heat transfer enhancement techniques considered in this article.