高1,4-结构含量的端羟基聚异戊二烯遥爪聚合物的合成

采用保护基团引发剂在环己烷溶剂中通过阴离子聚合合成双端羟基聚异戊二烯,并通过GPC,IR,1H NMR,羟值分析方法对其进行了表征.结果表明,聚合物有高的1,4-结构含量,同时聚合物的分子量大小可以控制、分子量分布窄、官能度接近2.     

高1, 4-结构端羟基聚异戊二烯遥爪聚合物的合成

本文采用保护基团引发剂法在环己烷溶剂中通过阴离子聚合合成双端羟基聚异戊二烯,并通过GPC、IR、1H NMR、羟值分析方法对其进行了表征。结果表明,聚合物有高的1,4-结构含量,同时聚合物的分子量大小可以控制、分子量分布窄、官能度接近2。     

端羟基聚丁二烯液体橡胶的合成、化学改性及应用

端羟基聚丁二烯(HTPB)是一种低分子量的遥爪液体橡胶,因具有玻璃化温度低、透明度好、黏度低、不易挥发、耐油耐老化、低温和加工性能好等优点,在军事和民用领域均具有广泛的应用。HTPB的性能主要受其主链微观结构的影响,不同的制备方法得到不同链结构的HTPB,其性能也有较大的差别。另外,通过对HTPB主链中的双键或末端羟基进行化学修饰可将其转变为不同分子结构或不同官能团的遥爪聚合物,赋予改性后的HTPB不同性能,并拓宽其应用领域。本文主要概述端羟基聚丁二烯的合成方法、化学改性和应用。     

胶液法制备高顺式端羟基聚丁二烯液体橡胶

以工业顺丁胶原液为起始原料,先经氧化裂解反应制得醛基封端的聚丁二烯液体橡胶,再经还原反应制得了端羟基聚丁二烯液体橡胶.结果表明,反应过程中顺丁胶的微观结构未发生异构化,所得的端羟基聚丁二烯液体橡胶的顺式含量高(cis-1,495%);分子量通过控制氧化裂解反应物与丁二烯结构单元的化学计量比,在2200~7000间可调(~1H-NMR法);分子量分布指数维持在1.5~2.1范围;官能度(fn)在2.0左右.与阴离子聚合型丁羟胶和自由基聚合型丁羟胶相比,氧化裂解法制备的丁羟胶微观结构更规整,顺式含量更高,能够保持极低的玻璃化转变温度.此外,以工业顺丁胶原液为原料,既省去了顺丁块胶生产的水析凝聚、干燥压块等过程,又免去了胶块剪切破碎、溶胀溶解等过程,大幅度减少了能量消耗,且反应条件温和、可控、高效、经济,具有良好的工业化前景.     

聚丁二烯1,2-结构含量和SBS中聚丁二烯段1,2-结构含量的调节

以正丁基锂为引发剂,环己烷为溶剂,研究了四氢呋喃(THF)对聚丁二烯1,2-结构和丁苯嵌段共聚物SBS中聚丁二烯段1,2-结构含量的影响,指出在一定温度下,聚丁二烯1,2-结构含量与体系中THF的浓度有指数关系。控制体系中THF的浓度和聚合反应温度,可调节聚合产物中聚丁二烯1,2-结构含量。     

端羟基聚丁二烯和端羟基SBS遥爪聚合物的合成及表征

研究了一种以非极性烃为溶剂,α-甲基萘锂复合物为基体的双锂催化剂LM-T作为引发剂,在环已烷中使丁二烯或丁二烯/苯乙烯进行双活性阴离子聚合,用精制的环氧丙烷终止,合成了双端羟聚丁二烯(HTPB)和双端羟SBS(HTSBS)两种遥爪聚合物。研究结果表明,聚合物分子量和羟基含量可由催化剂用量调整,官能度达到或接近2。分子量分布由GPC测定,宽度指数D=1.4左右。聚合物微观结构通过IR和H-HMR测定,1.4-聚丁二烯含量达到75%左右。因此,HTPB和HTSBS是两种1.4含量较高、分子量分布较窄的离子型遥爪聚合物。     

W-Al体系在合成1,2-聚丁二烯中的催化活性

WCl_6是优良的开环聚合催化剂,但只有一篇专利中提到用WCl_6催化丁二烯的聚合得到非顺式1,4-聚丁二烯,而且活性很低.用钨化合物催化丁二烯聚合为高1,2-链节含量的聚丁二烯,则尚未有报道.我们的工作发现,WCl_4(OR)_2-(i-Bu)_2AlOPh体系可使丁二烯在加氢汽油中聚合成1,2-链节含量在80％左右,1,2-链节的全同立构体含量达60％以上的聚丁二烯.为合成1,2-聚丁二烯橡胶开辟了一个新的催化体系.但是,初步研究结果表明:催化活性和聚合物分子量均较低.因此,本文试图探索提高催化活性和聚合物分子量的方法.     

薄层色谱法测定溴端基聚丁二烯官能度分布

遥爪型预聚物端基聚丁二烯广用于液体橡胶、粘合剂、固体燃料和加成衍生物制品,其宫能度分布对化学物理性能有重大影响。1971年Ronald利用LC和GPC测定羟基和羧基聚丁二烯的官能度和分子量分布,其法较繁。1975年Anderson等用显色团取代羟基以增加对紫外光波的检测灵敏度从而改进了前法,1977年日本东京大学T.i.Min等用TLC成功地测定了阴离子聚合制得的羟端基聚丁二烯的官能度分布。此法简洁快捷。来自阴离子聚合的样品,其分子量分布很窄;d≈1,1.2-结构达85～95％,产品纯净易于层析,与此不同,由乳液聚合的溴     

用甲基铝氧烷活化的氯化稀土催化剂合成高顺式窄分布聚丁二烯

以NdCl3.4L(配体L为膦酸三丁酯TBP、膦酸三苯酯TPP、膦酸二异辛酯P204)为主催化剂(简称[Nd])、甲基铝氧烷(MAO,简称[Al])为助催化剂和环己烷为溶剂,进行1,3-丁二烯聚合的研究.考察了配体对丁二烯聚合反应活性的规律及MAO用量、催化剂陈化时间、溶剂种类对聚合的影响;并对聚合物进行NMR,IR和GPC的表征.结果表明,3种配体的聚合活性顺序为TBP>P204>TPP;当[Al]/[Nd]为30时,聚合物的分子量分布指数达到1.20;30℃陈化时,聚丁二烯cis-1,4结构均大于97%;与正己烷、甲苯溶剂对比来看,环己烷体系所得聚合产物的分子量分布相对较窄、产率较高.     

端羟基聚环氧环己烷的合成

端羟基聚环氧环己烷的合成;端羟基聚环氧环己烷;环氧环己烷;阳离子聚合     

端羟基聚丁二烯与2,6-甲苯二异氰酸酯固化网络 弹性力学性质的分子模拟

采用最大熵模型, 构建了HTPB预聚物的最可几结构. 考察了HTPB (nC＝9)与TDI全混合以及半混合的两种固化建模方式. 分子动力学模拟得到的HTPB (nC＝9)-TDI固化网络的N—N径向分布函数显示半混模式比全混模式的结构更均匀. 采用分子动力学动态模拟与静态拉伸方法对HTPB (nC＝9)-TDI固化网络进行弹性力学性质的模拟计算. 比较了半混和全混模式对拉伸模量计算的影响, 表明半混模式得到的固化网络能得到合理的模拟结果. 初步表明最大熵模型在研究HTPB固化问题上静态或动态模拟结果都具有唯象可行性.     

HTPB固体推进剂增塑剂选取分子模拟研究

固体推进剂中增塑剂要求同粘合剂体系相容性良好,并提高体系的低温性能.本文采用分子动力学(MD)方法,首先计算了端羟基聚丁二烯(HTPB)粘合剂及增塑剂癸二酸二辛酯(DOS)、己二酸二辛酯(DOA)、壬酸异癸酯(TOA)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)和邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)的溶度参数,以此从相容性角度选取推进剂增塑剂;计算数值基本吻合实验值,表明常用的增塑剂从相容性都能满足要求.其次模拟获取了HTPB及HTPB/增塑剂混合体系的比体积-温度关系得到了体系的玻璃化转变温度(Tg),揭示增塑剂对HTPB体系低温性能的影响.结果显示:(1)HTPB的Tg模拟值为202K,基本吻合实验值196K.(2)HTPB/DOS混合体系中,当增塑剂DOS的质量含量从12%、22%、29%到36%(摩尔含量分别为50%、66%、75%和90%)增加时,体系的Tg线性降低;TOA和DOP增塑的粘合剂体系(摩尔含量为75%)Tg也降低,而增塑剂DOA和DBP对体系的Tg影响不大.因此,基于相容性及提高粘合剂低温性能考虑,DOS、DOA和DOP作为HTPB的增塑剂优于TOA和DBP.     

端羟基聚丁二烯(HTPB)的~(13)C-NMR研究

<正> 以过氧化氢催化丁二烯聚合而得到的端羟基聚丁二烯(HTPB)在工业上具有广泛的用途,当它们发生交联时,即能形成结构体,用作推进剂、涂料和其它材料的基体,HTPB的质量对其最终产物的力学性能起着决定性的作用。然而人们已经发现,在某些情况下,使用相同牌号的HTPB,甚至用常规的分析方法进行鉴定认为是相同的HTPB,其交联体     

Effects of biopitch on the properties of flexible polyurethane foams

Biopitches are industrial residues obtained by the distillation of the tar recovered during Eucalyptus charcoal production and can be used as a renewable polyol source. Flexible polyurethane foams were prepared with different proportions of biopitch and HTPB (hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene) and using polymeric MDI (4,4′ diphenyl methane diisocyanate), N,N dimethylcyclohexylamine as a catalyst and water as a blowing agent. Elemental analysis, thermal analysis (TG/DSC), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), and density results were used aiming to discuss the contribution of biopitch to foams properties. The higher the biopitch content, the higher the thermal stability and the lower the density of the flexible foams (air atmosphere), behaviors similar to those of lignin-based polyurethanes. Biopitch enhanced the oxygen content of the polyurethane foams synthesized, and their reaction with HTPB resulted in stable foams.     

NMR Analysis of Hydroxyl-Terminated Polybutadiene End Groups and Reactivity Differences with Monoisocyanates

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was employed to investigate both the end group microstructure of R-45HTLO hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) and reactivity rate differences among the different types of end groups. There is some conflict in the literature about the exact nature of the end groups and which resonance frequencies represent the three main types of methylene-hydroxyl end groups (cis, trans, or vinyl) and other possible branch point end groups (geraniol). NMR spectral analysis of small molecule model compounds supports the cis, trans, and vinyl end groups model. A model reaction scheme is proposed that produces branch points without the requirement of any “geraniol” structures. The reaction, with and without catalyst, of the various HTPB end groups with three different monoisocyanates (2-fluorophenyl isocyanate, phenyl isocyanate, and tert-butyl isocyanate) monitored by NMR spectroscopy, revealed different reactivity rates that are correlated with the assigned structures. In both the catalyzed and uncatalyzed reactions, the vinyl end groups reacted slower than the cis or trans end groups. As expected, the bulky isocyanates were the slowest to react, while the isocyanate group with electron withdrawing groups reacted the fastest. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018 , 56, 2665–2671     

红外光谱法测定端羟基聚丁二烯(HTPB)胶粘体系的固化度

介绍用红外光谱法测定端羟基聚丁二烯（HTPB）胶粘体系固化度的原理及方法，并对端羟基聚丁二烯胶粘体系固化过程进行监控，分析了一定温度下胶粘体系的固化度与固化时间，以及相同固化时间内胶粘体系的固化度与固化温度之间的数学关系。     

纳米Fe2O3/端羟基聚丁二烯(HTPB)复合粒子的制备与表征

为改善纳米Fe₂O₃在固体推进剂中的分散性, 以端羟基聚丁二烯(HTPB)和异氟尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)为包覆和固化材料, 分别采用直接共混法和分步共混法制得纳米Fe₂O₃/HTPB复合粒子. 采用HRTEM, TGA, FTIR和XRD等手段表征了复合粒子的结构, 对比了复合前后纳米Fe₂O₃的分散性, 测量了HTPB包覆量和包覆层厚度. 结果表明, 这两种方法均能实现HTPB对纳米Fe₂O₃物理包覆, 但分步共混法明显优于直接共混法|在分步共混法制得的纳米Fe₂O₃/ HTPB复合粒子中, 内层的纳米Fe₂O₃分散性好, 外层HTPB厚度均一. 复合粒子亲油性结果表明, 将纳米Fe₂O₃与HTPB进行复合, 可有效改善纳米Fe₂O₃在固体推进剂中的分散性.     

DSC study on the effect of isocyanates and catalysts on the HTPB cure reaction

The urethane forming cure reactions of hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) binder with three different isocyanate curatives, viz., toluene diisocyanate (TDI), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and 4,4-methylene bis(cyclohexyl isocyanate) (MCHI), were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The effect of two cure catalysts, viz., dibutyl tin dilaurate (DBTDL) and ferrric tris-acetylacetonate (FeAA) on the cure reactions was also studied. Cure kinetics was evaluated using the multiple heating rate Ozawa method. The reactivities of the three isocyanates and catalytic efficiencies were compared based on the DSC reaction temperatures, activation energies and rate constants. Viscosity build-up in these systems at isothermal temperature was also studied and compared with the results from DSC.     

Chain-extending of Hydroxytelechelic Polybutadiene: Synthesis and Characterization

Extension of hydroxytelechelic polybutadiene oligomers ( 3200 g/mol) is performed in mild conditions, in order to avoid backbone modifications, using succinic anhydride or methylenedicyclohexyl diisocyanate. The two routes present significative extension of the initial oligomers. Extension through the anhydride route, in the presence of DCC and DMAP, leads to new hydroxytelechelic oligomers ( 8000 g/mol). Extension through the diisocyanate route, catalyzed by DBTL at 65°C leads to hydroxytelechelic oligomers of higher average molecular weight ( 20000 g/mol). New materials are characterized by FTIR/¹H-NMR and changes in their Tg according to , are discussed. The influence of reaction time on the length of the macromolecular chains is also studied.