线状纳米金修饰碳纤维超微电极检测芦荟大黄素

该文建立了芦荟大黄素(AE)的电化学检测方法。通过柠檬酸三钠还原氯金酸制备线状纳米金,采用一步恒电位沉积方法将线状纳米金沉积在碳纤维超微电极(CFME)表面,考察了电极修饰前后对AE的电催化性能,得到最佳修饰时间为12 min。结果表明,线状纳米金修饰碳纤维电极(LGN/CFME)的氧化峰电流与AE浓度在2.0×10-6~1.0×10-4 mol/L范围内呈良好线性关系,线性方程为Ip(nA)=0.318 1C(μmol/L)+25.01,r2=0.965 3,检出限(S/N=3)为6.19×10-7 mol/L,说明此方法可用于芦荟汁中AE的定量检测。     

碳纤维超微电极负载金纳米粒子高灵敏检测木犀草素

该研究建立了木犀草素（Lu）的电化学检测方法,通过柠檬酸三钠还原氯金酸制备了纳米金（AuNPs）,并运用一步恒电位沉积法在碳纤维超微电极（CFME）表面电沉积纳米金,研制了一种简单、灵敏检测木犀草素的电化学传感器。采用循环伏安（CV）、电化学交流阻抗（EIS）和差分脉冲伏安（DPV）等方法研究CFME修饰前后对Lu电化学氧化反应的催化性能。结果表明,AuNPs/CFME对Lu的电化学响应催化明显,且AuNPs的最佳修饰时间为30 min。Lu的氧化峰电流在0.01～0.10 μmol/L和0.10～10 μmol/L两个浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数（r2）分别为0.994 4和0.995 1,检出限（LOD,S/N?= 3）为1.58 nmol/L。该传感器制作简单,且稳定性好、灵敏度高、抗干扰能力强,可实现实际样品独一味胶囊中Lu的定量检测,其加标回收率为96.0%～104%,相对标准偏差（RSD）均小于5.0%,在生物微环境中木犀草素定量分析方面具有良好的应用前景。     

碳纤维微电极表面负载含氧官能团及PDDA-纳米金粒子用于神经递质多巴胺的检测

将碳纤维微电极(CFME)置于超纯水中进行恒电位电沉积,在其表面修饰含氧基团(RO);再采用恒电位法在电极表面负载以聚二烯二甲基氯化铵(PDDA)为保护剂制备的纳米金粒子(Au NPs),制得RO/Au NPs-PDDA/CFME修饰电极.利用扫描电子显微镜对修饰前后碳纤维电极的表面形貌进行了表征,探讨了修饰电极在多巴胺(DA)溶液中的电化学行为.结果表明,在20 mmol/L p H=7.0的Tris-HCl缓冲溶液中,复合修饰膜RO/Au NPs-PDDA对DA具有显著的电催化活性.在最优实验条件下,采用差示脉冲伏安技术(DPV)对DA进行定量分析,DA的氧化峰电流与其浓度在1×10-7~5×10-5mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数R2=0.9912,检出限达3.3×10-8mol/L(S/N=3).该修饰方法重现性好,电极稳定性佳,制备方便,可广泛应用于生物样品中DA的高灵敏分析.     

纳米金/Nafion/石墨烯修饰玻碳电极检测对苯二酚的研究

采用一步电化学共还原的方法将纳米金(AuNPs)、Nafion、电化学还原石墨烯(ERGO)修饰到玻碳电极(GCE)表面,制成修饰电极AuNPs/Nafion/ERGO/GCE。以扫描电镜对其进行表征,用循环伏安法和微分脉冲伏安法研究对苯二酚在该修饰电极上的电催化行为。优化了实验参数,对苯二酚在2.0～100μmol/L及100～800μmol/L浓度范围内与其氧化峰电流呈良好的线性关系,检出限为0.3μmol/L。用该修饰电极成功地进行了实际水样中对苯二酚含量的测定。     

基于聚对氨基苯磺酸、功能化石墨烯和纳米金修饰电极的构筑及用于双酚A的测定

通过电聚合方法制备聚对氨基苯磺酸修饰的玻碳电极（GCE/pABSA）,然后把带有正电荷的超支化聚乙烯亚胺功能化还原氧化石墨烯（BPEIGr）和带有负电荷的金纳米粒子（AuNPs）依次修饰到电极上,制得GCE/pABSA/BPEIGr/AuNPs修饰电极。研究了双酚A在GCE/pABSA/BPEIGr/AuNPs修饰电极上的电化学行为。结果表明,所制备的修饰电极对双酚A有良好的电催化效果,在pH 7.0的PBS溶液中进行循环伏安扫描,双酚A在0.2～0.8 V范围内出现1个不可逆的氧化还原峰。采用差分脉冲伏安法（DPV）对双酚A进行了检测,在优化的条件下,双酚A的浓度在0.05～10μmol/L范围内与氧化峰电流呈线性关系,检出限为0.02μmol/L(3σ)。将基于此修饰电极的传感器用于浑河水和自来水中双酚A含量的测定,加标回收率在97.0%～105.0%之间。     

金纳米粒子和钼氧化物复合膜修饰电极的制备及应用

利用循环伏安法将金纳米粒子和钼氧化物共同电沉积在玻碳电极表面,制备了金纳米粒子和钼氧化物复合膜修饰电极,利用SEM和XPS研究了MoOx/AuNPs复合膜的表面形态,并研究其修饰电极对葡萄糖的电催化氧化过程. 首次提出了阳极扫描极化反向催化伏安法,即在反向扫描过程中纯的催化氧化电流通过扣减背景电流的方法被提取出来. 显著提高电流测量灵敏度改善了信噪比. 制备的MoOx/AuNPs复合膜修饰电极在0.01-4.0 mmol/L对葡萄糖具有线性响应,电流灵敏度为2.35 mA·L/（mmol·cm2）,检测限为9.01 μmol/L（信噪比为3）.     

电氧化异丙肾上腺素的纳米复合电催化剂：用作传感器

在金纳米粒子(AuNPs)上经苯硫酚衍生物(3,4二羟基苯基-偶氮-苯硫酚, DAT)自组装制得了一种新型纳米复合物,用于修饰玻璃碳电极(GCE/AuNP-DAT).采用循环伏安法研究了该新型电极的性质,并将其用作异丙肾上腺素(IP)电催化剂,考察了该纳米复合物的电催化活性,从而得到反应机理和催化反应速率常数.由于GCE/AuNP-DAT电极对尿酸氧化没有电催化活性,因此可将IP的氧化信号从该改进电极中分离出来,从而排除了尿酸对IP测定的干扰.该电极可作为传感器,当用于差动脉冲伏安法测定IP时,线性动态范围为1.0–1500.0μmol/L,检测极限为0.46μmol/L.     

石墨烯-壳聚糖/金纳米粒子修饰电极同时测定亚硫酸根和亚硝酸根

采用滴涂法得到了石墨烯(GR)-壳聚糖(CS)修饰的玻碳电极(GCE),再采用电沉积的方法将HAuCl4直接还原成金纳米粒子,沉积在GR-CS表面,制得了GR-CS/AuNPs GCE修饰电极。采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)分别对制备的GR和构建的修饰电极GR-CS/AuNPs GCE进行了形貌表征。用循环伏安法研究了SO32-和NO2-在GR-CS/AuNPs GCE上的电化学行为。结果表明,此修饰电极对SO32-和NO2-均有较好的电催化活性作用,并且能实现对两种物质的同时测定,SO32-和NO2-在该修饰电极上的线性范围分别为5～410μmol/L和1～380μmol/L,检出限(S/N=3)分别为1.0和0.25μmol/L。GR-CS/AuNPs GCE具有很好的稳定性、重现性和灵敏度。此电极用于实际水样的SO32-和NO2-的含量测定,回收率为97.2%～102.6%,结果令人满意。     

电氧化异丙肾上腺素的纳米复合电催化剂:用作传感器（英文）

在金纳米粒子(AuNPs)上经苯硫酚衍生物(3,4二羟基苯基-偶氮-苯硫酚,DAT)自组装制得了一种新型纳米复合物,用于修饰玻璃碳电极(GCE/AuNP-DAT).采用循环伏安法研究了该新型电极的性质,并将其用作异丙肾上腺素(IP)电催化剂,考察了该纳米复合物的电催化活性,从而得到反应机理和催化反应速率常数.由于GCE/Au NP-DAT电极对尿酸氧化没有电催化活性,因此可将IP的氧化信号从该改进电极中分离出来,从而排除了尿酸对IP测定的干扰.该电极可作为传感器,当用于差动脉冲伏安法测定IP时,线性动态范围为1.0–1500.0μmol/L,检测极限为0.46μmol/L.     

聚多巴胺-纳米金修饰玻碳电极检测芦丁

采用一锅法制备聚多巴胺-纳米金修饰玻碳电极(PDA-AuNPs/GCE),用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对修饰电极进行表面形貌分析,并研究芦丁在该修饰电极上的电化学行为。实验表明,PDA-AuNPs/GCE对芦丁有较好的电催化氧化性能,芦丁的氧化峰电流与其浓度在1.0×10-6～1.0×10-4mol·L-1范围内成线性关系,检测下限为2.3×10-7mol·L-1(S/N=3)。该修饰电极可用于复方芦丁片中芦丁含量的检测,效果良好。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).