有益微量元素与衰老

鉴于异常自由基反应及其与衰老的关系,以及微量元素在催化或抑制自由基反应和清除反应中产生的有害物质方面的作用,微量元素硒、锌及结合于酶中硒、锌、锰、铜对延缓衰老起积极作用。解脱"隔室封闭"的铁,可能还有铜离子,则可催化自由基反应,加速衰老过程。     

微量元素对老年人健康的作用与危害

介绍了微量元素的生理功能，微量元素与衰老，长寿和老年人冠心病，高血压，脑血管疾病，肿瘤，糖尿病等五种常见病的关系。还特别介绍了锌对人类健康的作用和铅对人类健康的危害。老年人体内有益的微量元素，如铁，锌，锰，铬，硒等比较缺乏，相反镍，铅，铝等有害的微量元素比较高。长寿老人头发中有益微量元素锰，钴，硒，铜，锌，铬等均有较高水平。人要长寿，必须维持体内微量元素的水平，微量元素过低或者过高应及时通过食疗或药物治疗进行调节。     

紫阳宣言

关于天然富硒产品对人类营养和健康的重要意义:1.我们汇集了近五十年来科学家们在硒与人类健康方面研究成果,于2012年发表本宣言,天然富硒产品在许多疾病防治中有重要作用,这包括心脑血管疾病、某些肿瘤及其他疾病,其中许多疾病可加速衰老,硒可延缓衰老。     

微量元素在抗衰老方面的应用

采取适当措施阻止异常自由基反应,及时清除过氧化物,保护核酸、蛋白质、细胞及生物膜免受过氧化物的损害;维护正常交联、抑制异常交联;保持免疫力对于延缓衰老、健康长寿肯定是有益的。已试用并显示抗衰老作用的非微量元素抗氧化剂有:维生素E、维生素C、维生素A、半胱氨酸、盐酸、盐酸Z-氢硫基乙胺(MEA)、丁羟基甲苯(BHT)、甲氯喹啉、乙氧喹、苯甲酸钠、乙醇、辅酶Q、谷胱甘肽等。这些抗氧化剂与微量元素抗氧化剂配合作用,效果更佳。维生素C可增加肠道对硒的吸收,硒与维生素E有抗氧化协同作用。硒是辅酶Q的成分。Zupadnyuk拟订如下防老合剂:维生素E、A、C、B,蛋氨酸、谷氨酸、无机盐及微量元素。Theragran抗衰制剂含下列元素:铬(乙酸铬)5~10mg;锰(乙酸锰)1~5mg;铁(乙酸亚铁)12mg;碘(碘化钾)100mg;钴(维生素B12)5mg;铜(乙酸铜)2mg;锌(乙酸锌)30mg;钼10mg;氟(氟化钠)5mg。硒与维生素E配伍可采用下列剂量:硒8.0μg/d,枸橼酸钠50.0μg/d,维生素E1000μg/d。微量元素对维持免疫功能十分重要。因而,从衰老的免疫学说出发,亦应适当补充微量元素特别是锌、锰和...     

紫阳宣言

关于天然富硒产品对人类营养和健康的重要意义:1.我们汇集了近五十年来科学家们在硒与人类健康方面研究成果,于2012年发表本宣言,天然富硒产品在许多疾病防治中有重要作用,这包括心脑血管疾病、某些肿瘤及其他疾病,其中许多疾病可加速衰老,硒可延缓衰老。2.现已证明,硒由地层→岩石→土壤→雨水和大气→植物→动物→人类,形成了硒的生物地球化学循环,这就需要人们不断的在基础研究上更深入,产品研发上更进一步,更需要富硒产品营养学评价和更大范围的临床医学研究,以期获得更珍贵的准确信息。     

保健食品中铬及其化合物的应用研究

对铬及其化合物辅助降血糖、降血脂、减肥、延缓衰老、增强免疫力等生理功能、作用机制及其在保健食品中的使用情况进行了阐述,为其在未来的保健食品中得到更好应用提供依据。     

微量元素与人体健康

讨论了微量元素与人体健康的关系及其在体内的代谢平衡问题,包括：铁的生理功能,硒的免疫功能,铅的毒害作用。     

基于硒元素的抗癌药物研究进展

硒是人体必需的一种微量元素,对维持人体正常生理功能起着关键作用,具有广泛的生物学活性,并通过多种机制发挥抗肿瘤作用,缺硒与冠心病、贫血症、关节炎、糖尿病等有着密切的关系。本文对硒的性质、抗肿瘤作用机制、含硒抗肿瘤药物的分类以及有机硒抗肿瘤药物等方面进行了介绍,以期提高人们对含硒抗肿瘤药物的准确认识,促进含硒抗肿瘤药物的...     

硒对癌症的预防和临床问题的研究现状

从流行病学、实验室和临床等的研究均表明微量元素硒具有化学防癌的潜力，特别是近来富硒酵母应用于肺癌、肠癌、前列腺癌和肝癌等临床干预试验，表现出硒具有强大的保护作用。本文着重论述了硒化合物发展成为化学防癌药物的作用机制问题，这些机制表现在硒具有抗致癌的生物活性。还讨论了对硒的化学预防试验人群的选择，硒的干预试验，临床应用结果和安全范围的指标等问题。     

微量元素与眼底病

目前已知有十多种微量微元素与眼的正常生理功能有密切关系。且对多种眼病的发生有很大影响，本文综合介绍微量元素锌、铜、硒与视觉功能的密切关系，以及近年来在脉络膜，视网膜、视神经的几种疾病中有关锌、铜、硒的测定研究进展。     

微量元素硒与人体健康

综述了硒与人体健康的关系,包括：硒与心血管疾病、硒与肿瘤、硒与抗衰老、硒与免疫、硒与肝炎等的关系。     

The Effects of Selenium on Bone Health: From Element to Therapeutics

Osteoporosis, characterized by low bone mass and a disruption of bone microarchitecture, is traditionally treated using drugs or lifestyle modifications. Recently, several preclinical and clinical studies have investigated the effects of selenium on bone health, although the results are controversial. Selenium, an important trace element, is required for selenoprotein synthesis and acts crucially for proper growth and skeletal development. However, the intake of an optimum amount of selenium is critical, as both selenium deficiency and toxicity are hazardous for health. In this review, we have systematically analyzed the existing literature in this field to determine whether dietary or serum selenium concentrations are associated with bone health. In addition, the mode of administration of selenium as a supplement for treating bone disease is important. We have also highlighted the importance of using green-synthesized selenium nanoparticles as therapeutics for bone disease. Novel nanobiotechnology will be a bridgehead for clinical applications of trace elements and natural products.     

不同化学结构盐皮质激素受体拮抗剂在心血管疾病中的应用

盐皮质激素受体的过表达或过度激活通常参与心血管疾病的发生发展. 通过拮抗盐皮质激素受体, 抑制其过度激活, 阻断盐皮质激素受体介导的生物学效应, 能够有效治疗相关疾病. 拮抗盐皮质激素受体化合物的化学结构决定了拮抗效应的强弱和临床上的针对性应用. 通过对盐皮质激素受体拮抗剂进行化学结构的优化, 改善其药理特性, 不仅增加了对盐皮质激素受体的选择性, 还降低了不良反应的发生率和严重程度, 同时在心血管疾病治疗方面也有不同侧重. 本文总结了不同化学结构的盐皮质激素受体拮抗剂螺内酯(Spironolactone)、 依普利酮(Eplerenone)和非奈利酮(Finerenone)的作用机制、 药理特性和心血管疾病临床应用的各自优势, 以期在后续临床应用以及新药研发方面提供新的思路.     

Gelsemium elegans Benth: Chemical Components,Pharmacological Effects,and Toxicity Mechanisms

Gelsemium elegans Benth (GEB), also known as heartbreak grass, is a highly poisonous plant belonging to the family Loganiaceae and genus Gelsemium that has broad application prospects in medicine. This article reviews its chemical components, pharmacological effects, toxicity mechanisms, and research progress in clinical applications in recent years. Indole alkaloids are the main active components of GEB and have a variety of pharmacological and biological functions. They have anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and immunomodulation properties, with the therapeutic dose being close to the toxic dose. Application of small-dose indole alkaloids fails to work effectively, while high-dose usage is prone to poisoning, aggravating the patient’s conditions. Special caution is needed, especially to observe the changes in the disease condition of the patients in clinical practice. In-depth research on the chemical components and mechanisms of GEB is essential to the development of promising lead compounds and lays the foundation for extensive clinical application and safe usage of GEB in the future.     

Nettle (Urtica dioica L.) as a source of antioxidant and anti-aging phytochemicals for cosmetic applications

Nettle (Urtica dioica L.) is a herbaceous perennial that has been used for centuries in folk medicine. More recently, nettle extracts have also been used in cosmetics because of the many benefits of their topical application for skin health. Their potential anti-aging action is of particular interest and is primarily ascribed to their antioxidant capacity. Here, using an experimental design approach and a clustering analysis, we linked the phytochemical composition of nettle extracts to their biological activities. This approach confirmed the antioxidant capacity of nettle extracts as well as providing the first evidence of another mechanism for their anti-aging potential involving the inhibition of enzyme activities, such as elastase and collagenase. We attributed these inhibitory effects to ursolic acid and quercetin present in the nettle extracts. Our results also demonstrated the possibility of extracting ursolic acid, quercetin and other phenolic compounds differentially to obtain an extract with a strong antioxidant capacity and anti-aging activities toward both elastase and collagenase. This could be of particular interest for cosmetic applications of nettle extracts.     

富硒酵母的研究开发与应用

介绍了硒的生理功能、人体对硒的需求、富硒酵母的开发以及作为功能性食品基料在各方面的应用。     

Novel approaches for selenium speciation in foodstuffs and biological specimens: A review

Selenium is an essential element for human health. It has been recognized as an antioxidant and chemopreventive agent in cancer. Selenium is known to develop its biological activity via selenocysteine residue in the catalytically active centre of selenoproteins. The main source of selenium in human beings is the diet. However, in several regions of the world the content of selenium in diet has been estimated insufficient for a correct expression of the proteins. The beneficial effects of selenium on human health are strongly dependent on its chemical form and concentration. This review critically evaluated the state-of-the art of selenium speciation in biological matrices mainly focused in nutritional and food products. Besides the number of publications related to selenium speciation, isolation and accurate characterization and quantification of selenium species is still a challenge. Hyphenated techniques based on coupling chromatography separation with inductively coupled plasma spectrometry (ICP-MS) and its combination with molecular mass spectrometry (ESI-MS, ESI-MS-MS and MALDI-TOF) and isotopic dilution allow identification, quantification and structural characterization of selenium species. Particular attention is paid in the development of Se-enriched food and nutritional products and how the application of the techniques mentioned above is mandatory to get reliable results on selenium metabolisms in these particular matrices.     

Quality control in the neutron activation analysis of biological markers for selenium in epidemiological investigations

Instrumental neutron activation analysis is routinely used at the MURR to quantify selenium in prospectively-collected biologic markers including blood serum and toenails. These specimens are typically collected from well-defined cohort populations participating in investigations assessing selenium intake and incidence of chronic disease endpoints. These epidemiological investigations, whether observational (case-control) or clinical (intervention), typically generate thousands of samples. The purpose of this paper is to assess, through evaluation of quality control results, if the achievable accuracy and precision in the measurement of selenium using NAA is adequate to determine a relative risk of 1.2 at high confidence in epidemiological studies.     

硒酵母中硒含量测定方法的研究

报道了人工培养硒酵母中总硒、无机硒和有机硒的测定方法,建立了无机硒和有机硒的鉴别方法,并采用透析处理法使硒酵母中的无机硒和有机硒得以分离;还报道了不同培养条件下得到的5种硒酵母中总硒、无机硒和有机硒的定量分析数据,为硒酵母在医药和添加剂领域的应用提供了可靠的数据。     

硒与心血管疾病

介绍了硒的生物学特征及与心血管疾病的关系,包括：硒的生物学特征及作用,硒与自由基,硒与动脉粥样硬化,硒与冠心病,硒与克山病.