粘塑性变截面杆中冲击波的演化

讨论了粘塑性变截面杆中的一维应力波传播规律。在粘塑性本构理论框架的基础上,利用特征关系和冲击波阵面上的突跃条件,得出了冲击波在传播过程中的演化规律,包括其微分方程和解析表达式,并对Bodner和Johnson-Cook材料和不同收缩形式的杆中冲击波的演化规律进行了讨论,同时计算和讨论了杆中冲击波后方应力波传播规律的特点。     

粘塑性薄壁管中复合应力波的传播特性研究

以本构关系一般理论为基础,导出了计及材料功硬化效应和应变率硬化效应的粘塑性薄壁管的本构关系及管中复合应力波的控制方程,应用有限差分方法研究了在压扭复合冲击载荷作用下粘塑性薄壁管中复合应力波的传播特性与演化规律,分析了复合应力波的耦合效应以及薄壁管中粘塑性参数和功硬化效应对复合应力波传播与演化规律的影响,并对有关现象进行了分析和解释。     

粘塑性靶板中冲击波的演化

讨论了粘塑性靶板中的一维应变波的传播规律。利用广义特征理论导出了应力波传播的特征线和特征关系。利用特征关系和冲击波阵面上的突跃条件，得出了冲击波在传播过程中的演化的规律，并以Ｂｏｄｎｅｒ－Ｐａｒｔｏｍ幂函数型粘塑性材料为例，计算和讨论了板中应力波传播规律的特点。     

粘塑性靶板中冲击波的演化

讨论了粘塑性靶板中的一维应变波的传播规律。利用广义特征理论导出了应力波传播的特征线和特征关系。利用特征关系和冲击波阵面上的突跃条件，得出了冲击波在传播过程中的演化的规律，并以Ｂｏｄｎｅｒ－Ｐａｒｔｏｍ幂函数型粘塑性材料为例，计算和讨论了板中应力波传播规律的特点     

脆性固体非弹性和软化性能的损伤本构模拟

本文概要地介绍了作者近年来在脆性固体粘塑性损伤本构模型方面的工作。首先，通过假设损伤率依赖于粘塑性应变率和应力变化率，提出了一个考虑损伤演化及其对材料力学性能的影响的粘塑性损伤本构模型。     

多胞材料的动态应力应变状态及其一致近似关系

多胞材料在高速冲击下呈现出逐层压溃的变形模式，塑性冲击波模型可以用来表征这种集中变形带的传播行为。本文中采用截面应力计算方法得到了随机蜂窝在恒速冲击下的一维应力分布，进而对冲击波的传播规律进行了分析。比较了高速冲击下由不同方法得到的冲击波速度与冲击速度的关系，结果表明R-PP-L（率无关，刚性-理想塑性-锁定）模型高估了冲击波速度，但R-PH（率无关，刚性-塑性硬化）模型以及一维冲击波理论得到的冲击波速度与有限元结果比较接近。冲击波速度与冲击速度在高速情形下趋于线性关系，但随着冲击速度的减小，冲击波速度不断减少并趋于常数。根据这一特征和塑性冲击波模型，发展了可以表征冲击波速度与冲击速度的关系、动态应力应变关系的一致近似模型。     

泡沫杆撞击刚性壁的动态压溃模型

针对泡沫杆撞击刚性壁的情形建立了2类动态压溃模型:一维冲击波模型和三维细观有限元模 型。以连续介质框架下的应力波理论为基础,并假定了刚性-非线性塑性硬化的加载和刚性卸载的本构关系, 建立了一维冲击波模型,给出了冲击波波后应变与冲击时间的隐式表达式。利用随机Voronoi技术构建了闭 孔泡沫金属结构的三维细观有限元模型,使用ABAQUS/Explicit有限元软件模拟了泡沫材料的动态压溃过 程,并基于最小二乘法计算局部变形梯度和局部应变得到了三维泡沫结构的应变场。通过理论解和数值解的 比较,发现该理论模型能够较好地预测泡沫金属杆撞击刚性壁的力学行为,得到了较为精确的结果。     

玻璃态高聚物PMMA的非线性粘弹-塑性本构方程

对航空有机玻璃(聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯,PMMA)实验测定了不同应变率下单轴压缩加卸载循环的应力-应变曲线,讨论了应力促进热激活塑性变形的活化粘壶理论,提出由标准线性体或Maxwell体与考虑应变硬化效应的活化粘壶作串联耦合的粘弹-塑性本构模型,给出了完备的微分和积分形式的本构方程组,用于拟合实测加卸载循环的应力-应变曲线,获得良好吻合的结果。对应变软化效应提出一种新的起因于粘弹变形滞后效应的理论说明,并对屈服后加载应力-应变曲线的走向特征作了理论解释。     

脆性材料中应力波衰减规律与层裂实验设计的数值模拟

对混凝土、岩石类脆性材料的层裂实验进行了有限元模拟,研究了应力波在此类材料中传播的衰减规律,包括两类机制:弹性波因大尺寸试样的几何弥散产生的小幅度线性衰减、与应变率相关的黏塑性波因本构关系导致的指数衰减。在此基础上,提出了包含常数项的指数型应力波峰值拟合公式。建议采用可以忽略应力波衰减影响的细长形试样进行层裂实验。混凝土类脆性材料层裂破坏模拟结果显示,有限元模拟得到的层裂片厚度与一维应力波理论得到的结果非常吻合,验证了按一维应力波理论确定层裂强度的实验方法的有效性。通过对比3种不同入射波形下层裂片的形状和净拉应力波形,发现不对称的入射波形状更有利于实验获得平直的层裂断面和较准确的层裂强度。     

一个考虑循环应变幅值历史效应的粘塑性本构模型

本文提出了一个考虑材料应变幅值历史效应的粘塑性本构模型。在该模型中，引入了三个具有不同演化速率的背应力演化方程；建立了非弹性应变幅值历史记忆模型，对各向同性变形阻力，引入了具有先前加载历史记忆的演化方程。将本文模型用于１Ｃｒ１８Ｎｉ９Ｔｉ不锈钢循环变形行为描述中，其预言结果与实验结果吻合得很好，表明该模型能很好地描述材料的循环应变幅值历史下的循环变形行为。     

Numerical simulations of complex yield-stress fluid flows

Viscoplasticity is characterized by a yield stress, below which the materials will not deform and above which they will deform and flow according to different constitutive relations. Viscoplastic models include the Bingham plastic, the Herschel-Bulkley model and the Casson model. All of these ideal models are discontinuous. Analytical solutions exist for such models in simple flows. For general flow fields, it is necessary to develop numerical techniques to track down yielded/unyielded regions. This can be avoided by introducing into the models a regularization parameter, which facilitates the solution process and produces virtually the same results as the ideal models by the right choice of its value. This work reviews several benchmark problems of viscoplastic flows, such as entry and exit flows from dies, flows around a sphere and a bubble and squeeze flows. Examples are also given for typical processing flows of viscoplastic materials, where the extent and shape of the yielded/unyielded regions are clearly shown. The above-mentioned viscoplastic models leave undetermined the stress and elastic deformation in the solid region. Moreover, deviations have been reported between predictions with these models and experiments for flows around particles using Carbopol, one of the very often used and heretofore widely accepted as a simple “viscoplastic” fluid. These have been partially remedied in very recent studies using the elastoviscoplastic models proposed by Saramito.     

Finite deformation of a polymer: experiments and modeling

The response of a polymer (polytetrafluoroethylene) to quasi-static and dynamic loading is determined and modeled. The polytetrafluoroethylene is extremely ductile and highly nonlinear in elastic as well as plastic behaviors including elastic unloading. Constitutive model developed earlier by Khan, Huang and Liang (KHL) is extended to include the responses of polymeric materials. The strain rate hardening, creep, and relaxation behaviors of polytetrafluoroethylene were determined through extensive experimental study. Based on the observation that both viscoelastic and viscoplastic deformation of polytetrafluoroethylene are time dependent and nonlinear, a phenomenalogical viscoelasto–plastic constitutive model is presented by a series connection of a viscoelastic deformation module (represented by three elements standard solid spring dashpot model), and a viscoplastic deformation module represented by KHL model. The KHL module is affected only when the stress exceeds the initial yield stress. The comparison between the predictions from the extended model and experimental data for uniaxial static and dynamic compression, creep and relaxation demonstrate that the proposed constitutive model is able to represent the observed time dependent mechanical behavior of polytetrafluoroethylene polytetrafluoroethylene qualitatively and quantitatively.     

Experimental study of the inelastic behavior of materials

This paper presents the results of an experimental study of the elastic and viscoplastic properties of alloys using elastoplastic theory. The need to study complex loading of materials, consider the microstructure evolution during deformation, and develop an appropriate experimental design theory and adequate constitutive relations is highlighted.     

A viscoplastic model based on no-yield-surface concept

The elastic/viscoplastic constitutive equation which describes deformation law of metal materials was suggested based on no-yield-surface concept and thermal activation theory of dislocation. The equation which takes account of effects of strain-rate, strain history, strain-rate history, hardening and temperature has stronger physical basis. Comparison of the theoretical prediction with experimental results of mechanical behaviours of Ti under conditions of uniaxial stress and room temperature shows good consistency.The Projects Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China     

一种适合橡胶类材料的非线性粘弹性本构模型

借助非线性流变模型建立大变形情况非线性粘弹材料的本构关系,考虑到大多数橡胶类材料具有的几乎不可压缩性,以及体积响应和剪切响应的流变性能不同,将变形梯度乘法分解为等容部分和体积变形部分,给出了一种适合橡胶类材料的非线性粘弹性本构模型,并模拟了粘滞效应。对于极快或极慢的过程,该模型退化为橡胶弹性理论;在小变形情况下退化为经典的广义Maxwell粘弹性材料。模型与热力学第二定律相容,适合于大规模数值分析。     

Effect of crack-tip shape on the near-tip field in glassy polymer

The physical nature of a crack tip is not absolutely sharp but blunt with finite curvature. In this paper, the effects of crack-tip shape on the stress and deformation fields ahead of blunted cracks in glassy polymers are numerically investigated under Mode I loading and small scale yielding conditions. An elastic–viscoplastic constitutive model accounting for the strain softening upon yield and then the subsequently strain hardening is adopted and two typical glassy polymers, one with strain hardening and the other with strain softening–rehardening are considered in analysis. It is shown that the profile of crack tip has obvious effect on the near-tip plastic field. The size of near-tip plastic zone reduces with the increase of curvature radius of crack tip, while the plastic strain rate and the stresses near crack tip enhance obviously for two typical polymers. Also, the plastic energy dissipation behavior near cracks with different curvatures is discussed for both materials.     

On a finite strain viscoplastic theory based on a new internal dissipation inequality

This work is focused on the theoretical development and numerical implementation of a viscoplastic law. According to the second law of thermodynamics a dissipation inequality described in the rotated material coordinate system is developed. Based on this dissipation inequality and the principle of maximum dissipation a finite strain viscoplastic model described also in the rotated material coordinate system is formulated. The evolution equations are expressed in terms of the material time derivatives of the rotated elastic logarithmic strain, the accumulated plastic strain and the strain-like tensor conjugate to the rotated back stress. The mathematical structure of this theory is concise and similar to that of the infinitesimal viscoplastic theory. These characteristics make the numerical implementation of this theory easy. The stress integration algorithm and the algorithmic tangent moduli for the infinitesimal theory can be applied to the numerical implementation of the present finite strain theory with a little reformulation. The complicated algorithmic formulations for most of other finite plastic laws can be therefore circumvented. In order to check the effectivity of the present finite strain theory a set of numerical examples under strict deformation conditions are presented. These numerical examples prove the excellent performance of the present viscoplastic material law at describing the finite strain elastoplastic and viscoplastic problems.     

Couple stresses in crystalline solids: origins from plastic slip gradients, dislocation core distortions, and three-body interatomic potentials

In the presence of plastic slip gradients, compatibility requires gradients in elastic rotation and stretch tensors. In a crystal lattice the gradient in elastic rotation can be related to bond angle changes at cores of so-called geometrically necessary dislocations. The corresponding continuum strain energy density can be obtained from an interatomic potential that includes two- and three-body terms. The three-body terms induce restoring moments that lead to a couple stress tensor in the continuum limit. The resulting stress and couple stress jointly satisfy a balance law. Boundary conditions are obtained upon stress, couple stress, strain and strain gradient tensors. This higher-order continuum theory was formulated by Toupin (Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 11 (1962) 385). Toupin's theory has been extended in this work to incorporate constitutive relations for the stress and couple stress under multiplicative elastoplasticity. The higher-order continuum theory is exploited to solve a boundary value problem of relevance to single crystal and polycrystalline nano-devices. It is demonstrated that certain slip-dominated deformation mechanisms increase the compliance of nanostructures in bending-dominated situations. The significance of these ideas in the context of continuum plasticity models is also dwelt upon.