基于超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱联用技术的血瘀模型大鼠血浆代谢组学分析

采用盐酸肾上腺素加冰水浴建立急性血瘀大鼠模型，使用超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱（UPLC-Q-TOF/MS）检测空白对照组与血瘀模型组中血浆代谢物，用主成分分析（PCA）、有监督偏最小二乘法判别分析（PLS-DA）及正交偏最小二乘法判别分析（OPLS-DA）对代谢组学数据进行多维统计分析，筛选潜在生物标志物。与对照组相比，在血瘀模型组大鼠血浆中检测出46个差异代谢物，血瘀模型组中乙酰胆碱、N6，N6，N6-三甲基-L-赖氨酸、胞嘧啶、乙酰肉碱等21个代谢物显著上调，吲哚丙酸、LysoPC（14：0）等25个代谢物显著下调，可能与脂质代谢、半乳糖代谢、亚油酸代谢、不饱和脂肪酸生物合成、糖酵解、花生四烯酸代谢等通路有关。代谢产物可作为血瘀证研究中的重要标记物，该研究结果有助于揭示血瘀证的发病机制，可为临床血瘀疾病的诊断及选用药物治疗提供思路，为后续治疗手段提供参考依据。     

N-乙酰半胱氨酸保护下给药钆-二乙三胺五乙酸后慢性肾衰大鼠的尿液代谢组学研究

N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)有减轻造影剂引发肾损伤的作用,但其作用机制尚未明确.本研究采用基于1H NMR的代谢组学方法,结合正交偏最小二乘法判别分析(OPLS-DA),在NAC保护下对慢性肾衰大鼠给药造影剂钆-二乙三胺五乙酸(Gd-DTPA), 通过分析大鼠尿液中内源性代谢物的变化,研究了NAC对慢性肾衰大鼠的保护机制.结果表明,慢性肾衰大鼠能量代谢、尿素循环等代谢通路发生紊乱.给药Gd-DTPA后,大鼠尿液中胆碱、N-氧三甲胺、邻羟基苯乙酸苯酯、对羟基苯乙酸苯酯、马尿酸、甘氨酸、烟酸、牛磺酸减少,尿囊素增加;而在NAC保护下相关代谢产物向模型组的恢复,说明NAC对Gd-DTPA引发的大鼠肠道细菌代谢、肝线粒体代谢、犬尿氨酸代谢紊乱及氧化损伤具有一定修复作用.NAC对尿素循环代谢的改善可能减轻大鼠体内的肾损伤,而其对细胞中谷胱甘肽的补充可能减轻Gd-DTPA造成的氧化损伤.     

基于快速高分辨液相色谱-质谱的中波紫外线辐射诱导大鼠急性光损伤的代谢组学研究

利用快速高分辨液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱( RRLC-Q-TOF-MS)联用技术结合多元统计分析方法,考察在中波紫外线( Ultraviolet B, UVB)辐射前后,大鼠尿液中内源性代谢物谱的变化,研究UVB辐射导致急性光损伤的生理机制。急性光损伤大鼠模型由窄谱中波紫外线光源(TL-01,峰值312 nm)照射,采用离心沉降后四倍稀释法处理尿液样本, Supelco Ascentis? Express C18色谱柱,水(含0.1％甲酸)与乙腈为流动相梯度洗脱,液相色谱-串联质谱分析测定。利用主成分分析( PCA)法、聚类分析( CA)法等对辐射前后的大鼠尿液样本进行代谢轮廓分析,寻找对分组贡献大的差异代谢物及通路,并阐明其作用机制;运用偏最小二乘判别分析( PLS-DA)法建立预测模型,考察此模型在UVB致光损伤模型诊断上的预测能力。多元统计分析结果显示,空白对照组与UVB模型组能够获得很好地区分,通过将差异代谢物与数据库、串联质谱数据及标准品比对,发现并鉴定出11种潜在生物标记物,表明UVB辐射可影响正常大鼠的鞘脂类代谢、核酸代谢、亚油酸代谢、氨基酸代谢等通路,这些差异代谢物对UVB辐射致光损伤类疾病的诊断具有较好的预判能力。     

基于液相色谱/电喷雾飞行时间质谱技术的结石症尿液代谢组学探讨

探索了一种简便的尿液样品前处理流程,通过反相液相色谱(RPLC)与亲水相互作用色谱(HILIC)相结合的高效液相色谱/电喷雾飞行时间质谱的联用技术(HPLC/ESI-TOFMS),建立了泌尿系结石症的尿液代谢组学模型,研究结石症患者尿液样品中的代谢物浓度水平与健康人对照组间的差异情况。采用主成分分析(PCA)及偏最小二乘法-判别分析(PLS-DA)等多变量数据分析方法,寻找结石症患者组和对照组之间的差异性代谢谱。模型结果显示:结石症患者尿液代谢物水平与健康对照组具有明显差异,寻找其中潜在的差异性标志物群组,有望将该模型用于泌尿系结石症的快速预测和诊断。     

基于超高效液相色谱-高分辨质谱联用技术的桑黄干预后大鼠尿液代谢组学分析

为探讨服用桑黄水煎液对机体的影响,采用超高效液相色谱-高分辨质谱（UPLC-HDMS）联用技术,检测灌胃给予桑黄水煎液后大鼠尿液中代谢物的变化。采用正交偏最小二乘法判别分析（OPLS-DA）对空白组和给药组大鼠尿液代谢物进行聚类分析,筛选出潜在的生物标志物,并通过MetaboAnalyst 3.0网站分析相关代谢通路。数据显示,两组大鼠尿液中的代谢物在第28天得到了很好的区分,发现并鉴定了10个生物标记物。灌胃给予桑黄水煎液主要对机体的半胱氨酸和甲硫氨酸代谢、精氨酸和脯氨酸代谢、嘌呤代谢等代谢通路产生影响。研究结果为深入探讨桑黄药效作用机制奠定了一定的实验基础。     

超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱法研究菊三七总生物碱致肝毒性的血清代谢组学

应用代谢组学的方法探讨了菊三七总生物碱致肝毒性的可能作用机制。采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF MS)技术,建立菊三七总生物碱高剂量组与空白组的大鼠血清代谢指纹谱,利用主成分分析(PCA)及偏最小二乘法-判别分析(OPLS-DA)多元统计分析比较两组的代谢物谱差异。结果表明,与空白组比较,筛选并初步鉴定出34个差异代谢产物(P0.05,VIP1),可作为肝毒性相关的潜在生物标记物,其代谢水平的变化表明菊三七总碱致肝毒性可能与氨基酸、核苷酸、脂质代谢及肝肠循环等途径发生紊乱有关,从代谢组学角度初步探讨了菊三七总碱肝毒性的作用机制。     

五味子治疗大鼠糖尿病肾病作用机制的血清代谢组学研究

采用基于超高效液相色谱与串联四级杆飞行时间质谱仪(Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry,UPLC/Q-TOF-MS)联用技术的代谢组学方法,通过分析大鼠血清内源性代谢物的变化,研究五味子治疗糖尿病肾病的作用机制。利用高脂高糖饲料喂养并腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)建立糖尿病大鼠模型。给药12周后,采用试剂盒方法测定尿蛋白、尿肌酐的含量,结果表明五味子水提取物可以显著降低模型动物的尿蛋白含量(p<0.05),对糖尿病大鼠肾病并发症具有一定的改善作用。采用UPLC/Q-TOF-MS方法分析了五味子对糖尿病肾病大鼠的血清代谢轮廓,分析了健康组、模型组和五味子给药组的大鼠血清,采用偏最小二乘法-判别分析(Partial least squares discriminant analysis,PLS-DA)进行数据分析。PLS-DA得分图显示健康组、模型组和五味子组的代谢轮廓有显著差别,根据正交偏最小二乘法-判别分析(Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis,OPLS-DA)载荷图筛选,将对各组分离贡献大的化合物的串联质谱分析数据,经Human Metabolome Database(HMDB)等数据库检索,进行质谱信息匹配,鉴定出黄尿酸、油酰胺、棕榈酰胺、尿酸、5-羟基己酸、硫酸对甲酚、对甲酚葡萄糖苷酸7种内源性代谢物为生物标记物。研究结果表明五味子通过影响色氨酸代谢、嘌呤代谢、肠内菌代谢、脂肪酸代谢等通路对糖尿病肾病发挥治疗作用,其中嘌呤代谢、肠内菌代谢通路可能是五味子发挥治疗作用的重要途径。     

黄芪口服液降低大鼠顺铂毒性作用机制的尿液代谢组学研究

采用基于液相色谱-飞行时间质谱联用(LC-TOF-MS)技术的代谢组学方法,分析大鼠尿液内源性代谢物的变化,研究黄芪口服液(HO)降低大鼠顺铂(CDDP)毒性的作用机制.采用低剂量多次腹腔注射CDDP的方法建立CDDP染毒大鼠模型,并连续给予16天HO.于第18天收集正常对照(Control)组、顺铂模型(CDDP)组和黄芪口服液(HO)组大鼠的24 h尿液, 进行LC-TOF-MS分析,以获取尿液代谢物组数据集,对所得数据进行主成分分析(PCA)和正交偏最小二乘法-判别分析(OPLS-DA)等多元统计分析,以筛选潜在生物标志物.于第20天采集大鼠血清测定肌酐和尿素氮水平.血清指标测定结果表明, HO可以显著降低CDDP染毒大鼠的肌酐和尿素氮水平(p<0.05).PCA得分图显示,3组可分别聚类,HO组位于Control组和CDDP组中间,表明HO可部分改善CDDP所致大鼠尿液代谢产物的异常变化.综合OPLS-DA分析、t检验和倍数变化分析结果,最终共筛选并初步鉴定出35个尿液代谢产物作为HO减毒相关的潜在生物标记物.代谢通路分析结果表明,HO可通过纠正体内氨基酸代谢、能量代谢和核苷酸代谢等通路的紊乱,降低CDDP所致机体毒性.     

非靶向代谢组学用于藜芦妨害人参治疗脾气虚的机制研究

采用超高效液相色谱串联四级杆飞行时间质谱( UPLC/Q-TOF-MS)联用技术,通过非靶向代谢组学方法分析大鼠尿液内源性代谢物的变化,研究藜芦妨害人参发挥药效作用的机制。建立脾气虚大鼠模型,连续给药15天,测定力竭游泳时间及血液中白细胞、红细胞、血红蛋白的含量。结果表明,人参可显著提高脾气虚模型大鼠的力竭游泳时间(p﹤0.01),升高白细胞、红细胞及血红蛋白含量(p﹤0.05,p﹤0.01),藜芦对脾气虚模型大鼠各项指标无明显影响(p>0.05),人参与藜芦配伍后对脾气虚模型大鼠各项指标均无显著影响(p>0.05),表明藜芦妨害了人参发挥药效作用。采用UPLC/Q-TOF-MS技术及非靶向代谢组学的方法分析了空白组、模型组、人参组、藜芦组、参藜组对脾气虚模型大鼠的尿液代谢组差异,其中主成分分析( PCA)得分图显示各组代谢轮廓有显著差别,并通过正交偏最小二乘法-判别分析( OPLS-DA)及数据库检索,鉴定出15种人参干预调节脾气虚模型大鼠的潜在生物标志物,从中找出了7种人参藜芦配伍后减弱人参上述干预作用的潜在生物标志物,并对其涉及的代谢通路进行了系统分析。上述研究结果表明,人参藜芦配伍后妨害了人参对脾气虚模型大鼠的治疗作用,其机理可能是影响人参对体内能量代谢、免疫平衡及氧化还原反应等相关代谢的调节。     

基于人工智能技术的烟气暴露大鼠代谢生物标志物筛选方法研究

该研究将主成分分析、偏最小二乘判别分析等多元统计分析方法用于烟草血浆、尿液和肺组织代谢组学数据的分析,以揭示暴露于不同烟气中大鼠血浆、尿液和肺组织中内源性生物标志物的整体变化情况,筛选潜在生物标志物;将血样、尿样和肺组织代谢轮廓谱分析得到的生物标志物进行整合,运用神经模糊网络模型对标志物进行缩减,并用人工神经网络评价模型预测能力,确定烟气暴露不同时间(7,14,30 d)以及不同烟气暴露对大鼠内源性代谢物变化影响"因果效应"密切相关的关键生物标志物群,明确不同烟气对大鼠机体损伤机制的异同。     

Metabolomic profiling of rat serum associated with isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction using ultra-performance liquid chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry and multivariate analysis

An ultra-performance liquid chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/TOF-MS)-based metabolomic approach was developed to characterize the metabolic profile associated with isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial infarction (MI). Analysis of the serum samples revealed distinct changes in the biochemical patterns of ISO-induced rats. A multivariate statistical method, supervised partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), was then used for screening of potential biomarkers. As a result, 13 lipid biomarkers, including lysophosphatidylcholines (Lyso-PCs) and fatty acids were identified by the accurate mass measurement of TOF-MS. The relationship between abnormal lipid metabolism and the formation of MI were also studied. This work demonstrates the utility of UPLC/TOF-MS-based metabolic profiling combined with multivariate analysis as a powerful tool to further investigate the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases.     

Analysis of Serum Metabolomics in Rats with Osteoarthritis by Mass Spectrometry

Osteoarthritis is a common multifactorial chronic disease that occurs in articular cartilage, subchondral bone, and periarticular tissue. The pathogenesis of OA is still unclear. To investigate the differences in serum metabolites between OA and the control group, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS)-based metabolomics was used. To reveal the pathogenesis of OA, 12 SD male rats were randomly divided into control and OA groups using collagenase to induce OA for modeling, and serum was collected 7 days after modeling for testing. The OA group was distinguished from the control group by principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis, and six biomarkers were finally identified. These biomarkers were metabolized through tryptophan metabolism, glutamate metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, spermidine metabolism, and fatty acid metabolism pathways. The study identified metabolites that may be altered in OA, suggesting a role in OA through relevant metabolic pathways. Metabolomics, as an important tool for studying disease mechanisms, provides useful information for studying the metabolic mechanisms of OA.     

Urinary metabolite profiling provides potential differentiation to explore the mechanisms of adjuvant‐induced arthritis in rats

To explore the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) from the perspective of metabolomics, gas chromatography time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (GC‐TOF/MS) technology was used to observe changes in the metabolic profiles of urine output from rats with adjuvant‐induced arthritis (AA). Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group, with eight in each. Rats in the experimental group were induced by intracutaneous innoculation of 0.1 mL Freund's complete adjuvant to right paws. On day 20 after immunization, the metabolic profiles between rat control and experimental groups were compared by combining GC‐TOF/MS technology with multivariate statistical approaches, including principal component analysis, partial least squares discriminant analysis and orthogonal projections to latent structures–discriminant analysis. Nine potential biomarkers were identified, including 2,2‐dimethylsuccinic acid, tartronic acid, dehydroshikimic acid, hippuric acid, adenine, phenaceturic acid, l ‐dopa, 1,4‐dihydroxy‐2‐naphthoic acid and melibiose. The findings indicate that the rats with AA are disturbed in metabolism of purine, amino acid, fat and energy. This study also demonstrates that the dysfunction in a range of biosynthetic and catabolic pathways, which leads to increased oxygen free radicals and inflammation, could cause underlying pathogenesis of RA. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于气相色谱-质谱联用技术的乙型肝炎血清代谢标志物的探究

探索了乙型肝炎患者和健康人血清代谢组的差异,寻找与疾病相关的潜在标志物。收集乙肝患者30例、健康对照35例,以气相色谱-质谱联用技术作为研究平台,应用主成分分析、正交偏最小二乘法-判别分析进行模式识别,然后通过变量重要性因子、非参数检验,结合数据库检索筛选鉴定有差异的代谢物。确认10个代谢物存在显著差异,其中柠檬酸、乌头酸、谷氨酰胺、N,N-二甲基甘氨酸、丙二酸与乙型肝炎患者组的相关性较好,受试者工作特征曲线下面积为0.975,具有较好的特异度和敏感度。因此这5个代谢物能够作为潜在的区分乙型肝炎患者和正常人的血清小分子标志物,有助于进一步了解病理机制,确定治疗目标。     

Nontargeted urine metabolomics analysis of the protective and therapeutic effects of Citri Reticulatae Chachiensis Pericarpium on high-fat feed-induced hyperlipidemia in rats

In this study, we focused on studying the changes in urine metabolites in hyperlipidemic rats using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-fight mass spectrometry (UPLC–Q-TOF/MS) and metabolomics, as well as the effect of Citri Reticulatae Chachiensis Pericarpium (CRCP) on hyperlipidemia. These urine samples were examined by UPLC–Q-TOF/MS to obtain MS data. The MS data were analyzed by principal component analysis and partial least squares-discriminant analysis to identify the differential metabolites. CRCP reduced the body weight and levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and abnormally decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in hyperlipidemic rats, which were significantly raised by a high-fat diet. Twenty-seven potential biomarkers were identified within the complex sample matrix of urine. Fourteen biomarkers increased in the hyperlipidemia rats compared with normal rats. Meanwhile, 13 biomarkers decreased. CRCP reversed abnormal changes in biomarkers, including 5-l -glutamyl-taurine, 5-aminopentanoic acid, cis-4-octenedioic acid and 2-octenedioic acid. These biomarkers show that hyperlipidemia is related to the metabolic pathways of taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis , and arginine and proline metabolism . CRCP mainly prevents hyperlipidemia by intervening in these metabolic pathways.     

Metabonomic analysis of the anti‐inflammatory effects of volatile oils of Angelica sinensis on rat model of acute inflammation

Metabonomics based on GC‐MS was used to study the possible anti‐inflammatory mechanisms of volatile oils of Angelica sinensis (VOAS) in rats with acute inflammation. Acute inflammation was induced by subcutaneous injection of carrageenan in rats. The levels of prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂), histamine (HIS) and 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) in the inflammatory fluid were detected. Principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares‐discriminant analysis models were performed for pattern recognition analysis. After the administration of VOAS, the levels of PGE₂, HIS, and 5‐HT returned to levels observed in normal group. According to GC‐MS analysis, the intervention of VOAS in rats with acute inflammation induced substantial and characteristic changes in their metabolic profiles. Fourteen metabolite biomarkers, namely, lactic acid, malic acid, citric acid, trans‐dehydroandrosterone, aldosterone, linoleic acid, hexadecanoic acid, pregnenolone, octadecenoic acid, myristic acid, l ‐histidine, octadecanoic acid, arachidonic acid (AA) and l ‐tryptophan, were detected in the inflammatory fluid. The levels of all biomarkers either increased or decreased significantly in model groups. VOAS possibly intervened in the metabolic process of inflammation by altering histidine metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, AA metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, fatty acid metabolism and energy metabolism. Metabonomics was used to reflect an organism's physiological and metabolic state comprehensively, and it is a potentially powerful tool that reveals the anti‐acute‐inflammatory mechanism of VOAS. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Metabolic characterization of the early stage of hepatic fibrosis in rat using GC‐TOF/MS and multivariate data analyses

The aim of this study was to explore the changes in the urine metabolic spectrum in rats with the early stage of liver fibrosis using gas chromatography–time of flight/mass spectrometry (GC‐TOF/MS), try to search for potential biomarkers and elucidate the probably metabonomic pathogenesis. The early stage of liver fibrosis was established with a single subcutaneous injection of carbon tetrachloride twice each week for 4 weeks continuously. At the end of the experiment, GC‐TOF/MS technology with multivariate statistical approaches such as principal component analysis, partial least squares‐discriminant analysis and orthogonal partial least squares‐discriminant analysis was used to analyze the changes in the metabolic spectrum trajectory and identify potential biomarkers. Twelve potential biomarkers in the model group, such as succinic acid, threonine and lactose, were selected, which indicate that the metabonomic pathogenesis of the early stage of liver fibrosis may be related to disorders of energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism and fatty acid metabolism.     

阿卡波糖对Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠尿液代谢轮廓的影响

采用超高效液相色谱-质谱联用(UPLC-MS/MS)方法研究了阿卡波糖对Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠代谢轮廓的影响, 分析了健康组、 糖尿病模型组和糖尿病给予阿卡波糖组的大鼠尿样, 采用主成分分析法(PCA)和偏最小二乘法-判别分析(PLS-DA)对数据进行分析. PCA得分图表明, 健康组、 糖尿病组和阿卡波糖组的代谢轮廓有显著差别, 根据PLS-DA载荷图筛选, 将对各组分离贡献大的化合物的串联质谱分析数据经Human Metabolome Database(HMDB)和Mass Bank.jp等数据库检索, 进行质谱信息匹配, 鉴定出苯乙酰甘氨酸、 肌酐及葡萄糖酸等8种内源性代谢物为潜在生物标记物.     

Analysis of serum metabolism in premature infants before and after feeding using GC–MS and the relationship with necrotizing enterocolitis

Preterm birth and enteral feeding are two main factors leading to necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). The metabolomics of preterm infants before and after feeding can provide a basis for the prediction of NEC. Using the method of cross-sectional study, the mode was established with the serum samples of 19 premature infants at birth and after feeding as the control group. The serum was analyzed using GC–MS. Chemometric analysis includes principal component analysis, partial least squares-discriminant analysis, and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis. Spectral separation of serum metabolites occurred in premature infants before and after feeding. The levels of xylose, d -talose, phosphoglycolic acid, maleimide, l -gulonolactone, maleic acid, β-hydroxypyruvate, itaconic acid, and pantothenic acid in the serum of premature infants after feeding were significant in both multidimensional and single-dimensional modes (variable importance in projection >2, P < 0.01). There was a moderate correlation between total bilirubin and l -gulonolactone and β-hydroxypyruvate (0.8 > r > 0.5). Maleimide, maleic acid, and itaconic acid have diagnostic value (area under the curve >0.9). The results indicated that serum metabolism of preterm infants changes significantly after feeding. Some metabolites have potential value in predicting NEC.