辐射场非平衡性对CH薄膜烧蚀特性的影响

 为研究辐射场非平衡性对ICF内爆靶丸辐射烧蚀效果的影响,在普朗克谱的高频区（Au的M带）叠加高斯谱人为地构造辐射源的能谱,利用1维多群辐射输运流体力学程序RDMG模拟CH薄膜的烧蚀过程,考察烧蚀压、预热、压缩比、冲击波速度等物理量受辐射场非平衡性的影响。模拟结果表明,Au的M带辐射有明显的增强预热、减小冲击波压缩比的作用,从而间接地影响了烧蚀冲击波的速度。     

腔靶金M带辐射角分布测量

在黑腔实验中使用了一种滤片选通的平响应X光探测器,探测器基于Al阴极X射线二极管构成,并结合了一种特殊结构的复合滤片,实现了在金M带能区的带通平响应特性,探测器响应曲线的平整度好于10%。应用这种新型探测器,从不同方向测量了金等离子体在M带能区的腔外绝对辐射量和角分布。由实验发现,随着探测器与腔轴之间角度的增加,探测器透过激光注入口的观测视场减小,同时观测区域等离子体温度下降,从而导致探测器测量到的M带能量变小;输运腔在激光注入过程中存在等离子体堵腔效应,输运腔的M带能量份额比大腔的份额要高。     

Implosion of indirectly driven reentrant-cone shell target

We have examined the implosion of an indirectly driven reentrant-cone shell target to clarify the issues attendant on compressing fuel for a fast ignition target. The target design is the hydrodynamic equivalent of a NIF cryoignition target scaled to be driven by Omega. Implosions were imaged with backlit x radiographs and modeled with LASNEX. The simulations were generally in good agreement with the experiments with respect to the shell diameter, density, and symmetry, but did not show the prestagnation central absorption maximum. The existence of material between the original cone and the shell is sensitive to gold M-band radiation, which penetrates the shell and ablates gold from the cone. The simulated radiographs using recently measured M-band fractions showed absorption between the cone and shell similar to the experiment. This gold ablation might be a problem in a cryoignition target.     

Analysis of direct-drive capsule compression experiments on the Iskra-5 laser facility

We have analyzed and numerically simulated our experiments on the compression of DT-gas-filled glass capsules under irradiation by a small number of beams on the Iskra-5 facility (12 beams) at the second harmonic of an iodine laser (λ = 0.66 μm) for a laser pulse energy of 2 kJ and duration of 0.5 ns in the case of asymmetric irradiation and compression. Our simulations include the construction of a target illumination map and a histogram of the target surface illumination distribution; 1D capsule compression simulations based on the DIANA code corresponding to various target surface regions; and 2D compression simulations based on the NUTCY code corresponding to the illumination conditions. We have succeeded in reproducing the shape of the compressed region at the time of maximum compression and the reduction in neutron yield (compared to the 1D simulations) to the experimentally observed values. For the Iskra-5 conditions, we have considered targets that can provide a more symmetric compression and a higher neutron yield.     

Double Z-pinch hohlraum drive with excellent temperature balance for symmetric inertial confinement fusion capsule implosions

A double Z pinch driving a cylindrical secondary hohlraum from each end has been developed which can indirectly drive intertial confinement fusion capsule implosions with time-averaged radiation fields uniform to 2%-4%. 2D time-dependent view factor and 2D radiation hydrodynamic simulations using the measured primary hohlraum temperatures show that capsule convergence ratios of at least 10 with average distortions from sphericity of /r200 MJ.     

基于纯冲击波聚心的准一维氘氘内爆物理实验

在神光Ⅲ原型装置上利用八路6400J/1ns激光注入1100μm×1850μm的黑腔内产生210eV的高温辐射场,均匀辐照填充氘氘燃料的靶丸实现内爆。实验中选择高气压薄壳靶丸实现纯冲击波聚心内爆。通过闪烁体探测器、中子条纹相机等多套诊断设备获取了中子产额、聚变反应时刻等关键内爆参数。结合一维数值模拟表明,实验测量的中子产额与干净一维数值模拟计算的中子产额之比达到90%;同时通过人为破坏内爆对称性等方式表明,该设计下内爆中子产生机制集中于冲击波聚心,其内爆性能受到高维因素影响极低,从而实现了准一维内爆。     

Indirect-drive inertial confinement fusion using highly supersonic,radiatively cooled,plasma slugs

We present a new approach to indirect-drive inertial confinement fusion which makes use of highly supersonic, radiatively cooled, slugs of plasma to energize a hohlraum. 2D resistive magnetohydrodynamic simulations of slug formation in shaped liner Z-pinch implosions are presented along with 2D-radiation-hydrodynamic simulations of the slug impacting a converter foil and 3D-view-factor simulations of a double-ended hohlraum. Results for the Z facility at Sandia National Laboratory indicate that two synchronous slugs of 250 kJ kinetic energy could be produced, resulting in a capsule surface temperature of approximately 225 eV.     

Simulation of Supernova Expansion

We study the possibility of laboratory modeling of some processes that are intrinsic to supernova (SN) explosion by means of powerful lasers (the so-called laboratory astrophysics); in particular, the possibility of reproducing astrophysical data via numerical models was originally aimed at laser plasma simulation. First of all, we analyze hydrodynamic similarity criteria for the considered processes. Then, we conduct 1D and 2D hydrodynamic simulations to model the expansion dynamics of the SN remnant (the progenitor mass is ～5–15 that of the Sun) during several hundreds of seconds after the explosion, including initially asymmetric configurations. Basing on the similarity criteria, we consider possible laser targets – simulators for a supernova, which mimic some processes inherent in astrophysical phenomenon, such as shock wave propagation through a medium, the development of hydrodynamic instabilities at contact boundaries of shells of different densities, etc. We present a simple solution to the problem of blast wave propagation in a medium with density distributed according to a decreasing power law, which is a good approximation for the density distribution in a supernova progenitor.     

Effect of Cellular Instability on the Initiation of Cylindrical Detonations

The direct initiation of detonations in one-dimensional(1 D) and two-dimensional(2 D) cylindrical geometries is investigated through numerical simulations. In comparison of 1 D and 2 D simulations, it is found that cellular instability has a negative effect on the 2 D initiation and makes it more difficult to initiate a sustaining 2 D cylindrical detonation. This effect associates closely with the activation energy. For the lower activation energy,the 2 D initiation of cylindrical detonations can be achieved through a subcritical initiation way. With increasing the activation energy; the 2 D cylindrical detonation has increased difficulty in its initiation due to the presence of unreacted pockets behind the detonation front and usually requires rather larger source energy.     

神光III主机上球腔辐射场实验的三维数值模拟与分析

2015年在神光Ⅲ激光装置上开展了两孔球腔物理实验.利用三维隐式蒙特卡罗数值模拟程序模拟两孔球腔中的辐射输运问题,研究辐射场分布及其动态演化过程.数值模拟结果大多数与实验结果符合较好,但局部位置存在明显差异.分析了产生差异的可能原因,提出解决措施及未来发展方向.综合数值模拟结果及其与实验结果的对比可知,三维隐式蒙特卡罗数值模拟程序具备较好的黑腔三维辐射输运数值模拟能力.     

Optimization of the Doped Ablator Layers for the Plastic Ignition Capsule

The paper investigates theoretically the optimization of the doped ablator layers for the plastic ignition capsule. The high-resolved one-dimensional implosion simulations show that the inner pure CH layer of the Si-doped design is excessively preheated by the hard x-ray, leading to the unstable ablator-fuel interface compared to the Ge-doped capsule. This is because that the Si K-shell absorption edge (1.8 keV) is higher than the Ge L-edge (1.3 keV), and Si dopant makes more hard x-ray penetrate through the doped ablator layers to preheat the inner pure CH layer. So an optimization of the doped ablator layers (called "Si/Ge capsule") is performed: an Si-doped CH layer is placed next to the outer pure CH layer to keep the high implosion velocity; next to the Si-doped layer is a thin Ge-doped layer, in order to absorb the hard x-ray and protect the inner undoped CH-layer from excessively preheating. The simulations show that the Si/Ge capsule can effectively improve hydrodynamic stability at the ablator-fuel interface while keeping the high implosion velocity.     

低密度泡沫金激光-X射线转换特性模拟研究

在激光间接驱动惯性约束聚变中, 激光首先与黑腔壁高Z等离子体相互作用转换成强X射线辐射, 再通过高Z腔壁的X射线再辐射而在靶丸表面产生对称辐射以驱动其内爆, 改善腔中激光–X射线转换特性非常重要. 利用一维辐射流体程序模拟研究了低密度泡沫金对激光–X射线转换特性的影响, 结果表明: 在固定激光参数条件下, 随着Au材料密度降低, 激光–X射线转换效率提高, 当泡沫Au密度为0.1 g/cm³时, 转换效率相对提高19%; 同时, 金M带辐射份额随之减少; 对于发光区运动, 存在合适的泡沫Au密度使其得到有效抑制. 从能量平衡的角度分析了转换效率提高的原因: 在激光与低密度泡沫Au作用时, 转换为流体力学动能损耗的能量份额与固体Au相比有所降低, 因而相应的辐射能份额增加. 低密度泡沫Au改善激光–X射线转换特性是实现黑腔腔壁优化的一种途径, 模拟结果为进一步开展相应实验研究提供了依据. 关键词： 泡沫金 激光-X射线转换 辐射谱 等离子体运动     

Excitation spectroscopy on the M-band of red HgI2

The luminescence of red HgI₂ is investigated as a function of excitation intensity and -wavelength. At low excitation, emission is due to free and bound exciton recombination, at high levels a “M-band” is dominating. This M-band is partially ascribed to biexciton decay, this assumption being supported by resonances found in the excitation spectra. The biexciton binding energy is determined to be 6±1 meV.     

Wrinkling of pressurized elastic shells

We study the formation of localized structures formed by the point loading of an internally pressurized elastic shell. While unpressurized shells (such as a ping-pong ball) buckle into polygonal structures, we show that pressurized shells are subject to a wrinkling instability. We study wrinkling in depth, presenting scaling laws for the critical indentation at which wrinkling occurs and the number of wrinkles formed in terms of the internal pressurization and material properties of the shell. These results are validated by numerical simulations. We show that the evolution of the wrinkle length with increasing indentation can be understood for highly pressurized shells from membrane theory. These results suggest that the position and number of wrinkles may be used in combination to give simple methods for the estimation of the mechanical properties of highly pressurized shells.     

点火靶驱动不对称性与表面粗糙度的模耦合模拟

使用二维辐射多群扩散流体力学程序LARED-S对点火靶内爆进行大规模数值模拟,同时考虑低阶辐射驱动不对称性和中高阶的表面粗糙度.计算结果表明：靶丸内爆流场不仅出现严重的低阶模面密度扰动,同时生成大幅度的尖钉与气泡结构;呈现明显的扰动模耦合效应,模耦合生成的扰动增长幅度与理论公式在一定时间内较好地吻合.在内爆减速阶段,扰动增长发展到强非线性阶段,模耦合效应使得扰动频谱分布变宽;同时芯部的涡流使得靶壳的尖钉弯曲,内爆流场出现明显的湍流混合现象.模耦合效应与湍流混合极大地降低了内爆性能,导致点火失败.     

Excitation spectroscopy,Raman scattering and the temperature dependence of the luminescence in highly excited red HgI2

The luminescence of red HgI₂ is investigated as a function of temperature, excitation intensity and wavelength. At high excitation intensity and low temperature an “M-band” emission dominates. This M-band is assigned to biexciton decay and bound exciton scattering with acoustic phonons (“acoustic wing”), this assumption being supported by the results of excitation spectroscopy. The energy of the biexciton is determined to be (4661 ± 1) meV. From the evaluation of Raman spectra, the phonon energies (1.9, 3.1 and 14.0 ± 0.2) meV are found. At higher temperatures two lines are observed, one of which is ascribed to exciton-free carrier scattering. Position and line shape are in good agreement with theoretical results. The other emission line is found to be due to scattering involving excitons or carriers bound to lattice defects.     

Temperature dependence of single event transient in 90-nm CMOS dual-well and triple-well NMOSFETs

This paper investigates the temperature dependence of single event transient (SET) in 90-nm complementary metat-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) dual-well and triple-well negative metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (NMOSFETs). Technology computer-aided design (TCAD) three-dimensional (3D) simulations show that the drain current pulse duration increases from 85 ps to 245 ps for triple-well but only increases from 65 ps to 98 ps for dual-well when the temperature increases from -55℃ to 125℃, which is closely correlated with the source of NMOSFETs. This reveals that the pulse width increases with temperature in dual-well due to the weakening of anti-amplification bipolar effect while increases with temperature in triple-well due to the enhancement of the bipolar amplification.     

辐射驱动不对称性对靶球压缩的影响

定量评估了驱动不对称性对靶球压缩的影响。对于不随时间变化不对称性驱动内爆,2维数值模拟结果表明:收缩比越小,驱动不对称性对靶球压缩变形和中子产额的影响越小;如果靶球压缩变形度为2.0,则相应的中子产额较少30%。改变黑腔长度,可得到不同时空性质辐射流,当腔长为1 350μm时,后来的反向不均匀性能消除前期不对称压缩的影响,最后压缩接近球形,内爆中子产额也最高。靶球压缩X光成像数值分析表明,用成像图的半高全宽(FWHM)值来分析燃料压缩变形特性是合理的。该研究结果已成功地用于神光Ⅱ间接驱动内爆物理实验的理论设计和测量数据分析。     

非平衡辐射烧蚀对内爆中子产额的影响

 利用1维多群非平衡辐射输运RDMG程序,对不同能谱分布的辐射场驱动的靶丸的辐射烧蚀过程及中子产额进行了模拟计算,并与实验测量结果进行了初步比较。结果发现,辐射驱动源的能谱平衡性,特别是高能金M带成分对内爆靶丸产生预热效应,降低核燃料区压缩度,电子及离子温度,从而显著降低了中子产额。计算结果表明：中子产额随CH壳厚增加而下降,该变化规律与实验结果基本符合。     

Dynamic Modeling and Analysis of Wind Turbine Blade of Piezoelectric Plate Shell

This paper presents a theoretical analysis of vibration control technology of wind turbine blades made of piezoelectric intelligent structures. The design of the blade structure, which is made from piezoelectric material, is approximately equivalent to a flat shell structure. The differential equations of piezoelectric shallow shells for vibration control are derived based on piezoelectric laminated shell theory. On this basis, wind turbine blades are simplified as elastic piezoelectric laminated shells. We establish the electromechanical coupling system dynamic model of intelligent structures and the dynamic equation of composite piezoelectric flat shell structures by analyzing simulations of active vibration control. Simulation results show that, under wind load, blade vibration is reduced upon applying the control voltage.