遗传算法在自适应光学系统中的应用

为了校正激光光束的波前像差,建立了一套无需直接探测波前信息的自适应光学(AO)系统模型,提出了一种基于实数编码的高斯变异的遗传算法(GA)用来控制61单元压电变形镜补偿波前像差,并仿真利用此算法控制61单元变形镜校正由变形镜本身产生的像差。结果表明,这种算法能够找到补偿各种像差所需的变形镜的最优面型。像差校正后,焦平面的峰值光强最多能够提高30倍。环围斯特尔比值(Strehl ratio)最多能够从校正前的0.032提高到0.96,变形镜61个驱动器后的电压值收敛性能良好。     

Adaptive aberration correction based on ant colony algorithm for solid-state lasers: numerical simulations

We describe an adaptive aberration correction technique based on an ant colony algorithm for solid-state lasers and a general class of other adaptive optics systems. We show that it is possible to compensate phase aberrations without wavefront sensing in this approach, which iteratively adjusts the control voltages of a deformable mirror to maximize certain system performance metrics of the far-field intensity distribution of the laser beam. The effectiveness of this approach is analyzed numerically by use of a 37-element piezoelectric deformable mirror and a variation of the Strehl ratio as the metric. Results demonstrate that this approach can effectively compensate the phase distortions of laser beams and significantly improve beam quality. A comparison indicates that this approach is much faster than a genetic algorithm while achieving almost the same beam quality.     

A parallel system for adaptive optics based on parallel mutation PSO algorithm

Wavefront sensor-less adaptive optics technology has a much higher requirement for the processing speed than ever before. To improve the efficiency of particle swarm optimization (PSO), this paper proposes a novel parallel mutation particle swarm optimization (PMPSO) algorithm based on a master-slave model. The parallel system based on PMPSO algorithm is applied in a 61-element adaptive optics system to control the deformable mirror. The experimental results show that the parallel system based on PMPSO algorithm has a rapid convergence speed, which can effectively correct the wavefront aberration.     

空间插值在功率谱密度计算中的应用

为了提高光学元件波前中频PSD计算的精度和有效频谱宽度,提出了填补波前无效数据的双线性插值法和抑制欠采样噪声的六采样点插值法。模拟计算和实验结果表明:双线性插值法有效地保证了填充数据与真实数据的一致性,抑制了零填充方法引入的虚假中高频信息,使得填补后的PSD与原始PSD较好地吻合;六采样点插值法有效地分离了信号和欠采样噪声,使得有效PSD频谱上限从1/2 Nyquist频率提高到Nyquist频率。     

Beam cleanup of a 532-nm pulsed solid-state laser using a bimorph mirror

A successful beam cleanup of a 5-mJ/200-μs pulsed solid-state laser system operating at 532-nm wavelength is demonstrated. In this beam cleanup system, a wave-front sensor-less adaptive optics (AO) system is set up with a 20-element bimorph mirror (BM), a high-voltage amplifier, a charge-coupled device camera, and a control software implementing the stochastic parallel gradient descent (SPGD) algorithm. The brightness of the laser focal spot is improved because the wave-front distortions have been compensated. The performance of this system is presented and the experimental results are analyzed.     

变形镜高斯函数指数对迭代法自适应光学系统的影响

基于613单元自适应光学系统, 描述了迭代矩阵和斜率响应矩阵的特性. 在变形镜驱动器间距和交连值不变的情况下, 研究了变形镜高斯函数指数对迭代矩阵和斜率响应矩阵稀疏度的影响, 对自适应光学系统稳定性和校正能力的影响. 研究表明, 迭代矩阵和斜率响应矩阵的稀疏度随着变形镜高斯函数指数的增大而减小. 高斯函数指数过大或者过小都会影响自适应光学系统的稳定性和校正能力. 最后, 综合迭代矩阵和斜率响应矩阵的稀疏度、自适应光学系统的稳定性和校正能力, 给出了合理的变形镜高斯函数指数的取值范围.     

基于线性相位反演技术的自适应光学闭环实验研究

利用成像光学系统、变形镜、装有图像采集卡和D/A卡的PC机等建立了一套基于线性相位反演技术的自适应光学闭环实验系统.在Windows操作系统下用VC完成图像处理和控制算法.利用一台高测量精度的哈特曼传感器测量波前信息并评价自适应光学系统的校正效果.在不同像差大小状态下研究了这种基于线性相位反演技术的自适应光学系统的像差校正能力.收敛速度,稳定性等.实验结果表明,基于线性相位反演技术的自适应光学系统对静态小像差有较好的校正效果.     

一种基于全息术的光学系统闭环像差补偿方法

提出了一种基于21单元变形镜与全息波前传感器的全息自适应光学系统, 并对其像差校正能力进行了分析. 首先描述了全息波前传感器基本原理, 并在薄全息图近似下给出基于快速傅里叶变换算法的全息波前传感器数值模型; 然后基于21单元变形镜的数值模型, 分析了该变形镜的波前校正能力; 在此基础上, 数值模拟并实验验证了全息自适应光学系统对静态像差的闭环校正能力.     

西安理工大学无线光通信系统自适应光学技术研究进展

总结了国内外自适应光学技术在无线光通信系统应用中的研究进展和技术分类,同时介绍了西安理工大学在该领域的工作,包括有波前测量的自适应光学系统、无波前测量的自适应光学系统、液晶空间光调制器波前校正、偏摆镜和变形镜组合的波前校正、空间光光纤耦合自适应光学波前校正等。自适应光学技术可有效修正无线光通信系统中由大气湍流引起的畸变波前,提高耦合效率和通信性能。虽然这些方法在理论分析和工程实际中尚不完善,但不失为人们在该领域进行的有益探索。     

微加工薄膜变形镜本征模分析

 介绍了变形镜本征模的构造过程及其特点，分析了从荷兰OKO公司购买的37单元微加工薄膜变形镜的本征模，并用前65阶Zernike多项式分析微加工薄膜变形镜的37阶本征模的特性。搭建了以微加工薄膜变形镜作为波前校正器、变形镜本征模为波前复原控制算法以及高分辨率Shack-Hartmann波前传感器为波前探测器的自适应光学实验系统。实验结果表明：变形镜本征模可以实现模式筛选，也可作为自适应光学系统的波前复原算法。     

Phase diversity for calibrating noncommon path aberrations of adaptive optics system under nonideal measurement environment

When the defocus cannot be measured and the wavefront solution set is restricted by a multi-channel, some practical problems exist in the calibration of the noncommon path aberrations of the adaptive optics system. To solve these problems, an evaluation function of phase diversity algorithm is constructed in this paper. We use the method that the estimated aberration and the modulated deformable mirror iterate each other to make up the nonideal measurement environment. Then the ill-pose problem of the solution by phase diversity, produced as relaxing constraints of the diversity defocus on the wavefront solution set, is solved. We have adopted the proposed method to measure the noncommon path aberrations of the adaptive optics system on a 1.23 m telescope. Experimental results demonstrate that wavefront solution is more accurate and the whole imaging quality is improved effectively by using the deformable mirror to compensate the aberration measured.     

Hybrid approach used for extended image-based wavefront sensor-less adaptive optics

The stochastic parallel gradient descent(SPGD) algorithm is widely used in wavefront sensor-less adaptive optics(WSAO) systems. However, the convergence is relatively slow. Modal-based algorithms usually provide much faster convergence than SPGD; however, the limited actuator stroke of the deformable mirror(DM) often prohibits the sensing of higher-order modes or renders a closed-loop correction inapplicable. Based on a comparative analysis of SPGD and the DM-modal-based algorithm, a hybrid approach involving both algorithms is proposed for extended image-based WSAO, and is demonstrated in this experiment. The hybrid approach can achieve similar correction results to pure SPGD, but with a dramatically decreased iteration number.     

21元分立式变形反射镜

来自远处目标的光波通过大气以后,由于大气湍流将使波面发生随机起伏,导致望远镜分辨率下降,而且口径越大,湍流效应越明显。为获得接近衍射极限的分辨率,就需要采用自适应光学技术对波面误差进行实时校正。而自适应光学系统之所以具有能动可控的特点,关键之一是它具有能控制光程的元件——变形镜。本文将从空间域的观点出发,讨论21元变开镜的最佳影响函数,机械耦合的确定及其滤波函数,并估算21元变形镜对大气湍流的补偿效果。     

Optimization of low-order harmonic generation by exploitation of a resistive deformable mirror

The generation of harmonics from the interaction of an ultra-intense laser pulse and a gas jet is strongly influenced by the intensity and shape of the laser beam. In this work we present a sensor-less optimization procedure of the harmonics yield based on the use of an adaptive mirror. Because of the limited repetition rate of the laser source, we used a resistive actuator-deformable mirror which allows a rapid convergence to the optimal laser beam correction without a wave-front measurement. Our approach demonstrated that this kind of deformable mirror was able to enhance the harmonic yield by a factor of two in about 40 acquisitions.     

利用Offner光学系统进行图像恢复和光学检测

设计了一种Offner光学系统,用于基于相位差异技术的图像恢复和光学系统波像差的辅助检测。该Offner光学系统采用同轴抛物面反射镜作为Offner反射镜,以高速CCD相机和Shack—Hartmann波前探测器作为接收元件,能完好地消除复色光源在图像恢复过程中带来的色差;设计的RMS波像差小于a／50（A=632．8nm）,结构简单,容易实现。利用该系统分别以分辨率板和光纤光源为目标进行了图像恢复实验,经过恢复后的图像分辨率提高了19％。此外,利用该系统,采用相位差异算法解算了系统波像差,并与Shack—Hartmann波前探测器的测量结果进行了比较。比较显示两者的RMS波像差测量值相差5％,证明该系统同样能够进行光学波前检测。     

内腔自适应光学系统校正激光器畸变

固体激光器中,增益介质由于热沉积产生的热畸变严重影响了激光器的稳定性、输出功率和光束质量。研究了一种内腔自适应光学系统校正激光器腔内畸变的方法,利用微机电变形反射镜作为固体激光器的内腔全反射镜,通过控制变形镜的面型改善激光器输出光束的模式及功率。从腔外引入的一束信标光通过激光器内腔后反射出腔外,用波前探测器可测得激光器工作时腔内畸变对此信标光的影响,并通过搭建的自适应光学系统平台可闭环校正此畸变。实验结果表明,闭环校正后,激光器的输出功率提高了近3倍,且激光光束质量得到了明显的改善。     

用于激光二极管抽运固体激光器热畸变补偿的微变形镜特性研究

在很多高功率的激光器中,由于热效应的缘故会导致激光器的光束质量大幅下降。为了改善激光光束的动态畸变,自适应光学是一种有效的方法。作为自适应光学系统的核心部件,设计了一种可用于大功率激光二极管抽运固体激光器(DPL)热畸变补偿的新型可变形反射镜,并且通过工艺流片实际制造出有效反射面积为30 mm×30 mm,拥有49个静电驱动单元的可变形反射镜。对该微机电系统(MEMS)微变形镜的变形特性进行了详细的理论分析和模拟研究,并和实际测量结果进行了比较,得到了满意的结果。为了实现闭环控制,对微变形反射镜的光学影响函数矩阵进行了全面测量,并用得到的电压矩阵对畸变激光光束的波前进行了校正。实验结果表明,微变形反射镜可以有效地改善激光光束质量。     

微型自适应光学系统的波前重构算法

基于测量所得的 37通道微型机械薄膜变形镜的影响函数矩阵和微型自适应光学系统 ,给出模式法波前重构与补偿的微型变形镜的控制电压 ,模拟计算和微型自适应光学系统的实验结果说明所得结果是正确可行的     

Analysis of a combined tip-tilt and deformable mirror

A deformable mirror mounted on a two-axis tilt platform can provide wavefront compensation at a single location in an adaptive optics system, resulting in a significant reduction in the number of optical components in the system and in a simplification of the alignment. However, the moment of inertia of a deformable mirror is significantly different from that of the monolithic mirror commonly mounted on a tilt platform. We report on what are to our knowledge the first experimental results of mounting a microelectromechanical deformable mirror onto a fast steering platform and the first observation that at low operating frequencies high-order deformation of the deformable mirror membrane was not recorded.     

自适应光学波前校正器技术发展现状

波前校正器是自适应光学系统中的关键部件,相关技术已得到了多年的积累与发展。本文介绍了多种目前常用的波前校正器件,包括分离促动器连续表面变形镜、拼接子镜变形镜、薄膜变形镜、双压电片变形镜、微电子机械系统变形镜以及基于液晶技术的空间光调制器和自适应次镜等,给出了它们的实现方式及其基本工作原理,并从空间校正频率和校正速度等方面对各校正器的性能进行了比较。最后,总结了在新应用的需求下,波前校正器件的技术创新及发展趋势。