基于多星级网络的智能自适应用电管理系统设计与实现

为提高多密集用电端的用电管理能力,提高电能使用效率达到节能减排,深入研究并设计了一种基于多星级网络的智能自适应用电管理系统。完成了系统的架构规划,重点研究并设计了无线自适应分控系统、多路自适应智能控电系统的数据采集及通信协议和用户软件。应用软件的测试表明,该系统智能化、模块化程度高,市场前景广阔。     

多路电能计量与控制系统的设计与仿真

在实际电路设计工程中为加快设计进度,利用现代计算机仿真技术和软件对实际电路进行了仿真设计。基于仿真元件和实际电路的差异,对电路中的独特元件磁保持继电器及其驱动电路、功率信号以及逻辑处理电路进行了分析并建立了仿真模型,设计了核心测量软件代码,成功完成了对16路用电线路的电能计量与通断等的控制,达到了项目对多路集中用电的控制和节能的目的。仿真结果节约了成本和时间,提高了设计效率,仿真过程对大部分电路设计具有借鉴意义。     

混合模式直线型变压器驱动源模块

在对Marx发生器和直线型变压器驱动源(LTD)电路拓扑结构及等效参数进行分析对比的基础上,结合两种电路拓扑结构的技术特点,提出了基于Marx基本回路的混合模式LTD模块构想。在混合模式LTD模块中,每个基本回路是一个多级的Marx发生器回路,回路中只有前一级或几级开关需要外部触发,而后级开关工作在自击穿模式。计算分析表明:混合模式LTD模块设计可以有效降低LTD系统对多路同步触发的要求;独立回路式结构可提高整个混合模式LTD模块的可维护性;回路间耦合触发的方式可提高整个混合模式LTD的工作可靠性。最后,还探讨了回路内阻、磁芯损耗及Marx发生器回路中后级自击穿开关抖动对混合模式LTD模块参数设计的影响。     

模块化固体开关脉冲功率源触发技术

为满足高功率脉冲源小型化和高重复频率运行的研制需要,提出了一种基于固体开关(可控硅)的电感隔离型高压脉冲发生器触发控制设计方案。这种方案采用光纤收发器件及其驱动电路和高耐压脉冲变压器,研究了固体开关脉冲功率源控制技术中的触发信号高压隔离、光分多路及脉冲变压器分立或并联使用等关键技术。给出了单模块触发控制电路的设计及测试结果:5级LC回路在每级充电电压4 kV输入时,实现最终32 kV的输出,功率源模块输出/输入电压转换效率达到80%。同时对其应用特点进行了分析和讨论。     

空间站主动热控系统回路的热负荷分配优化

空间站主动热控系统回路包括低温回路、中温回路和外回路。以减轻系统总质量为优化目标,本文基于系统质量模型和能量平衡关系式,分别针对体装式辐射器和展开式辐射器的设计,对冷板热负荷在低温回路和中温回路的分配比例进行了优化分析。结果表明,存在一个最佳热负荷分配系数值,使系统在总换热量一定时总质量达到最小;同时给出了对应的各回路工作温度与分配系数之间的关系。辐射器在系统总质量中占了绝大部分,因此在优化时应尽可能减少辐射器面积。此外,不同的冷凝空气热负荷下对应的最佳冷板热负荷分配系数值也不同。     

基于STM32F的企业楼宇节能控制系统设计

针对企业楼宇耗电量严重的问题,研究设计了基于STM32F的楼宇节能控制系统。该系统采用红外传感模块统计楼宇内人数,使用光控模块采集光照度,通过微处理器实时采集人数和光照强度信号,然后进行数据处理和算法分析,从而实现楼宇照明灯具的自动控制;同时采集用电电器的工作状态信息,若电器长时间处于待机状态,系统将会自动切断其供电电源。实验结果表明：企业楼宇节能控制系统提高了电能利用率,实现了楼宇的低碳节能。     

基于FPGA的微型直流电机控制器IP核设计

为了实现阵列天线波束高效控制和系统小型化, 实现多轴微型直流伺服系统达到高速、并行控制, 根据Nios Ⅱ处理器的Avalon总线规范, 利用Verilog硬件描述语言, 设计了一种基于现场可编程逻辑门阵列(FPGA)的微型直流电机控制器IP核。该控制器采用了有限状态机的方法, 分多模块实现硬件控制功能。针对微型直流电机特性, 采用了比例-积分-微分（PID）算法、分段控制及启停监测等控制策略。最后利用软件Quartus Ⅱ及DE0开发板进行了仿真和实验验证, 实验表明, 该控制器具有响应速度快、定位精度高、可靠性高、体积小等特点, 可以可靠地对各路微型直流电机进行独立控制, 且控制性能良好, 能够实现天线单元快速、准确的相位控制。     

基于ARM和DSP的电网监测系统的设计

设计了一种基于ARM和DSP的电网监测系统的软硬件设计方案;利用TMS320F2812 DSP和高速AD芯片ADS8364实现对现场电信号的采集分析与加Nuttall窗多层插值校正处理,仿真结果表明该算法能够实现电力系统谐波的准确分析;DSP通过串口和嵌有Linux操作系统的S3C2440通信,通过Internet登陆检测系统网页,电网工作人员能够实时查看电网参数情况及对故障进行处理,用户能够实时查看消费信息;该设计方案满足分布式供电系统电能参数的计量要求,实现了电网参数实时远程网络监控。     

关于高中物理“ 闭合电路欧姆定律”的认知和总结

由于电力系统配电网接入负荷不断增加且随机变化的特性, 配电网负荷会经常发生三相不平衡情况, 三相不平衡会造成线路损耗增加, 变压器能耗变大, 出力减小, 严重时, 产生过大的零序电流可能导致人身触电和用 电设备烧损事故, 因此开展三相电力不平衡治理是十分必要的. 本文在分析某台区用电实测数据的基础上, 应用数 学模型算法, 求解每日、 各时段用户用电数据对配电网三相不平衡程度的影响, 应用控制用户负荷换相的方法, 建立 最优解决数学模型, 计算出配电网中需要配置的换相开关数量、 需要配置换相开关的用户以及换相技术策略, 在实 际应用中取得了满意的效果, 最终确定三相电力不平衡治理设备应用的经济性最优的解决方案     

数值模拟全寿命周期的住宅节能技术

本研究在考虑住宅全寿命周期内家庭生活方式及成员构成变化的基础上,对住宅全寿命周期的能耗及成本进行数值分析.结果表明,随着地域的不同,各种节能技术对住宅全寿命周期能耗及全寿命周期成本所带来的节约效果是不同的;特别是对于夏热冬冷地区,在采用围护结构的高断热高气密技术同时还要结合太阳能技术,才能获得住宅全寿命周期能耗最佳的节能性与经济性.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.