μ3-氧桥三核和四核锰水杨叉-β-丙氨酸配合物的合成和表征

合成了μ₃-氧桥三核锰配合物Mn₃O(Salala-β)₃·3H₂O和四核锰配合物Mn₄O₂(sa-lala-β)₃(ClO₄)₂·8H₂O,其中salala-β^2-是水杨叉-β-丙氨酸三齿希夫碱的负二价阴离子,运用元素分析、化合价测定、电导率、磁化率、热重分析、红外和电子光谱等实验结果对其进行了表征,并提出了配合物的可能结构。     

硝酸铕18-C-6(4:3)络合物的晶体结构

标题化合物的分子式为[Eu(NO₃)₆][Eu(NO₃)₂C₁₂H₂₄O₆]₃。晶体属单斜晶系,空间群为C2/m,a=28.772(6),b=11.142(2),c=12.024(2)Å,β=112.63(2)°,Z=2。对1167个可观察反射(I≥3σ(I)),用块矩阵最小二乘法精修所有的结构参数,最后的一致性因子R=0.063。结构分析表明:晶体学上有三个不同的离子,(1)[Eu(NO₃)₆]^3-,(2)[Eu(NO₃)₂C₁₂H₂₄O₆]⁺(有序)和(3)[Eu(NO₃)₂C₁₂H₂₄O₆]⁺(无序)。前两个离子都具有C_2h对称性。第三个离子是C₁对称性,它有一个无序的冠醚环。在Fourier图上二个冠醚环叠加,它们的相互交错角为32°。     

掺杂Eu2O3的SrTiO3及SnO2光致发光

用具有大能隙的本征半导体(SrTiO₃及SnO₂)粉末作本体,分别掺杂1%(原子百分数)的Eu₂O₃;所得物质表现出Eu³⁺离子的线发射光谱特性,但相对发光强度及光谱形状有相当大的变化。X射线衍射结构分析显示Eu³⁺在SrTiO₃晶格里是处在间隙位置,而它在SnO₂晶格里则形成新物相Eu₂Sn₂O₇。     

胶原/明胶的结构(构象)与性能研究Ⅲ.从酸溶胶原(SLK)中分离出的四种不同构象的表征

本文以高纯α₁、α₂、β₁₁、β₁₂和γ为标准样品,测定了它们在SDS-PAGE电泳中的迁移距离,利用这些组份的分子量的对数log M_n与迁移距离的线性关系,对从酸溶胶原中分离出来的a、b,c、d、e和f六个不同级份进行了鉴定,表明从a到f的六个不同的分离级份是α_<sub>1a,α_1b,β₁₁和β₁₂,α_z,和(α₁+β₁₁)。这一分离是成功的。其中α_1α和α_1b是首次分离成功。     

轻稀土金属β-二酮络合物催化丙烯二聚的研究

本文对以轻稀土金属β-二酮络合物为基础的催化丙烯二聚体系进行了探索性研究。找出了Pr(acac)₃。H₂O/Et₃Al₂Cl₃/PPh₃体系,在Al/Pr为30—50、P/Pr为3—6、温度为60—80℃范围内有较高二聚活性1200—1300molC₃^-/mol Pr·h和二聚转化率50—60%。在RE(ac-ac)₃/Et₃Al₂Cl₃/PPh₃和Pr(β-二酮)₃/Et₃Al₂Cl₃/PPh₃体系中,活性顺序分别为Ce～Pr>La>Nd>Sm和六氟乙酰丙酮>乙酰丙酮>二苯二甲酰甲烷,其二聚物的组成分布为:甲基戊烯64～66%,线性烯烃24.1—26.4%。二聚选择性在77—93.3%之间。     

气相色谱法研究配合物的热稳定性—ⅩⅣ.K2Co[Fe(CN)6]•H2O和Co3[Fe(CN)6]2•7H2O的热分解及其加氢反应

K₂Co[Fe(CN)₆〕•H₂O和Co₃〔Fe(CN)₆]₂•7H₂O的热分解经过脱水、放出(CN)₂和HCN或C≡N^-键断裂,最终固相产物中有铁钴合金生成。CN^-的多重键在加氢时断裂,生成NH₃和CH₄。以CN^-作为加氢反应的探针,考察了C≡N^-键在金属双端基间的配位活化作用。     

电化学沉积制备半导体CuInSe2薄膜

本文报道恒电位法在pH为1.35的Cu₂SO₄、SeO₂、In₂(SO₄)₃溶液中,在Ti电极上电化学沉积制备CuInSe₂纳米薄膜.研究络合剂柠檬酸和酒石酸对制备CuInSe₂纳米薄膜的影响.扫描电子显微镜(SEM)结果表明,加入络合剂后,电化学沉积的薄膜表面颗粒分布更均匀、致密.X射线衍射(XRD)分析显示,制备的CuInSe₂薄膜是黄铜矿和闪锌矿相的混和物,添加柠檬酸和酒石酸后,衍射峰增强,晶形变好.制备的薄膜颗粒尺寸大小在250nm左右,造成粒度增大的原因是由于颗粒的团聚作用.     

伯胺N1923硝酸盐从硫代硫酸盐溶液中萃取银(Ⅰ)的机理

本文研究了伯胺N₁₉₂₃硝酸盐(RNH₃NO₃)从硫代硫酸盐溶液中对Ag(I)的萃取.结果表明,Ag(I)同时以AgS₂O₃^-和Ag(S₂O₃)₂^3-两种形式萃入有机相.     

PbO2电极上S2O82-离子阳极形成过程的研究

用分解稳态极化曲线的方法,在PbO₂阳极上,H₂SO₄和H₂SO₄-(NH₄)₂SO₄溶液中得到了相应于S₂O₈^2-形成和O₂发生的动态力学数据。在高于+2.25V的电位区,这两个反应的Tafel斜率都是2.303RT/βF(β=0.52～O.55),S₂O₈^2-形成的电流效率低于29%,且几乎不随阳极电位而改变。S₂O₈^2-的形成速度与溶液中硫酸离子浓度无关,而O₂发生速度随硫酸离子浓度的增大稍有减慢。提出了在高电位区S₂O₈^2-形成及O₂发生的机理。     

Eu3+激活的SrO-BaO-SiO2发光材料的合成和特性研究

(Sr,Ba)SiO₃:Eu³⁺是以SrCO₃、BaCO₃、H₂SiO₃、Li₂CO₃、Eu₂(C₂O₄)₃为原料,经高温烧结而成。合成发光材料过程中,用正交试验法进行实验条件的探索。得到了发光材料的最佳组成为:(Sr_0.8Ba_0.2)_0.95Eu_0.025Li_0.025SiO₃或Si_0.95Eu_0.025Li_0.025SiO₃。最佳实验条件为:灼烧温度1150℃,灼烧时间3小时。通过X-射线粉末衍射谱、激光荧光光谱、发光光谱和激发光谱研究了发光材料的结构和发光特性。     

HDPE,LLDPE或LDPE高取向薄膜微结构的电子显微学研究

木工作用透射电子显微术及电子衍射技术研究3种PE(HDPE,LLDPE或LDPE)均聚物高取向薄膜的微结构。定量测定了它们的结晶尺寸。通过倾斜样品电子显微学研究确定了不同种PE纤维结构的对称性。     

淬火温度对聚偏氟乙烯形态结构的影响

用透射电子显微镜（ＴＥＭ）和傅里叶交换红外光谱（ＦＴＩＲ）等方法研究了结晶温度对聚偏氟乙烯（ＰＶＦ２）晶相结构的影响．结果表明，从ＰＶＦ２熔体高速淬火到较低温度等温结晶可直接生成β相结晶，临界淬火温度为３０℃．淬火温度在４０—７０℃时，α和β相共存．当淬火温度较高时（８０—１５０℃），生成α相结晶．在淬火温度高于１６５℃时，则得到ＰＶＦ２的γ相结晶．在临界温度以下淬火的ＰＶＦ２薄膜含有β相微晶，而高于临界淬火温度时则生成α相或γ相的片晶或球晶结构．     

LLDPE/IPP共混物高取向薄膜的附生结晶

本文用透射电子显微术、电子衍射等方法研究了线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)和等规聚丙烯(IPP)共混物高取向薄膜的形态结构.在熔体拉伸薄膜中统组分的LLDPE与IPP均以高取向的片晶形式存在,片晶生长方向垂直手拉伸方向.当共混物中LLDPE含量较低(小于40％)时,作为分散相的LLDPE在IPP上附生结晶.两种片晶的c轴成45°交角,附生结晶的接触面为LLDPE的(100)和IPP的(010).而在LLDPE含量大于50％时,LLDPE形成独立的相区,则不存在附生结晶现象,结果两种片晶的生长方向均垂直于拉伸方向.在135℃热处理15min,然后自然冷却的LLDPE/IPP共混物薄膜中,当LLDPE含量≤50％时,LLDPE仍然在IPP上附生生长,二者的结构关系与热处理前的相同.     

含少量共聚组分聚乙烯熔体拉伸薄膜的形态结构

利用透射电子显微学(TEM)和示差扫描量热学(DSC)等方法研究了含少量丁烯-1组分(摩尔分数为0.64%)的聚乙烯共聚物(PE100)熔体拉伸高取向薄膜的形态结构. 结果表明, 在PE100熔体拉伸薄膜中, 除存在高取向片晶结构外, 还含有大量的纤维晶, 纤维晶平行于拉伸方向, 穿过几个片晶区, 平均直径约为12 nm. 模拟实验结果表明, 纤维晶的生成源于聚乙烯共聚物中的超高分子量组分, 但不同于传统意义上的伸直链纤维晶, 其形态特征应为晶桥结构. 由此提出了晶桥结构纤维晶模型, 该模型不但有助于深入理解和认识聚合物取向结晶机理, 同时也为该材料的高性能化提供了理论依据.     

Far-infrared and x-ray studies on poled semicrystalline poly(vinylidene fluoride)

Far-infrared (FIR) Fourier-transform transmission spectra and x-ray diagrams of poly(vinylidene fluoride) films are examined in terms of poling-field action on the crystalline phase (α and β forms) and on the amorphous phase. We show that the poling field induces an increase of crystallinity in the α phase as well as in the β phase, and for the latter an orientation of dipoles in the field direction. For samples containing a mixture of phases α and β we note an α to β phase transition, a rotation of the dipoles in the β phase, and an increase of the crystallinity of the sample. Part of the β phase is generated from the amorphous phase.     

EFFECT OF GAS FLOW RATE ON CRYSTAL STRUCTURES OF ELECTROSPUN AND GAS-JET/ELECTROSPUN POLY(VINYLIDENE FLUORIDE) FIBERS

The effect of gas flow rate on crystal structures of electrospun and gas-jet/electrospun poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) fibers was investigated.PVDF fibers were prepared by electrospinning and gas-jet/electrospinning of its N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) solutions.The morphology of the PVDF fibers was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).With an increase of the gas flow rate,the average diameters of PVDF fibers were decreased.The crystal structures and thermal properties of the PVDF fibers w...     

钒氧酞菁的合成及其薄膜结构与光电性能的研究

自从60年前^[1]金属酞菁被发现以来,就引起人们的广泛兴趣,其原因主要在于它们在染料颜料、光化学、催化、和成像中的应用. 和许多其它酞菁衍生物一样,钒氧酞菁具有光导和半导体特性,这使得它在光电子学、电子成像、化学传感器、甚至于微电子器件中有潜在的十分光明的应用前景^[2]. 例如, 钒氧酞菁在电子成像体系中已成为有用的感光材料. 近年来,金属酞菁等有机材料的结晶薄膜开始不断地吸引人们的注意力. 人们考察了不同的金属酞菁如: 酞菁铜、酞菁铅、酞菁镍、和酞菁锡 等的光电导和光电压^[3]. 通常酞菁以几种不同的多晶异构体、即以不同的晶体排列结构方式存在. 因此,其光电特性不仅取决于分子中心的金属原子、而且取决于它们的晶体结构. 总之,值得我们研究钒氧酞菁薄膜的光电特性以及它与吸收光谱和薄膜晶体结构的关系.     

Structural, electronic, and optical properties of crystalline iodoform under high pressure: a first-principles study

The high pressure phases, electronic structure, and optical properties of iodoform at zero temperature have been investigated by first-principles pseudopotential plane-wave calculations based on the density-functional theory. A new high pressure polar monoclinic structure with space group Cc, denoted as β phase, has been observed after a series of simulated annealing and geometry optimizations. Our calculated enthalpies showed that the transition from α to β phase occurs at 40.1 GPa. Electronic structure calculated results showed that the insulator-metal transition in α phase due to band overlap is found at about 32 GPa. In addition, the calculated absorption spectra of iodoform are consistent with the experimental results.     

A study of the phase behaviour of metal-free phthalocyanine in a differential scanning calorimeter

The phase behaviour of metal-free phthalocyanine (H₂Pc) has been studied in a differential scanning calorimeter. The effect of the thermal history of samples on the DSC curves was investigated to obtain data concerning the phase transition which appeared on α as well as β forms of H₂Pc over the termperature range from 250 to 340 K. To characterize the α metal-free phthalocyanine at low temperatures, the capacitance of an Ag(H₂Pc)Al sandwich was measured as a function of the temperature. The specific heats of the α and β forms of H₂Pc and the heat of the α → β polymorphic transition were measured. Kinetic parameters of the α → β polymorphic transition have been derived from the calorimetric results.     

Effect of post‐deposition annealing on surface morphology and gas sensing properties of palladium phthalocyanine thin films

The effect of post‐deposition annealing on surface morphology and gas sensing properties of palladium phthalocyanine (PdPc) nanostructured thin films has been studied. PdPc thin films were deposited on polyborosilicate substrate by thermal evaporation technique at room temperature. The surface morphology of thin films was investigated by SEM, X‐ray diffraction, and optical absorption. X‐ray diffraction patterns showed a phase transition from α to β based on post‐deposition annealing at temperatures above 200 °C. The SEM and optical absorption confirmed that annealing strongly influenced the surface morphology of nanostructured thin films. Sandwich devices (Au|PdPc|Al) were fabricated and exposed to different concentrations of NO₂ and NH₃ as oxidizing and reducing gases at different temperatures, and the sensitivity of devices were obtained versus gases. Obtained results showed α‐PdPc thin film devices had higher sensitivity in comparison with devices in β‐phase. In particular, it was found that the sensitivity of devices is temperature dependent and the best operating temperature range of devices was measured at about 90–100 °C. Devices showed good reversibility, response, and recovery time at room temperature. Finally, the stability of sensors was investigated for a period of about 1 year; results showed that the sensors were stable for 2 months and lost about 30% of their sensitivity after 1 year. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.