去散焦模糊的折反射全向成像系统设计

随着高分辨率传感器和大光圈的采用,光圈和反射面曲率造成的折反射全向成像散焦模糊问题越发突出。提出了一种有效去除散焦模糊的折反射全向成像系统设计。理论分析折反射成像散焦模糊的原因,建立全向图点扩展函数与实景空间物点及成像系统虚像位置的关系;在一次曝光成像时间内匀速旋转镜头对焦环,通过累积曝光使全向图散焦模糊核具有期望的空间不变性;利用反卷积算法对散焦模糊全向图进行复原,得到全局清晰的全向图像。该方法较好地解决了折反射全向成像散焦模糊问题,对提高折反射全向成像质量,促进其在相关领域的广泛应用具有重要意义。     

Coded aperture enhanced catadioptric optical system for omnidirectional image deblurring

Mirror curvature in the catadioptric camera often leads to noticeable blurring artifacts in omnidirectional imaging. Proper deblurring method is challenging because the blur kernel is difficult to estimate. A coded aperture enhanced catadioptric optical system is proposed in this paper that allows for image deblurring. The enhancement is designed by inserting a patterned occluder within the aperture of the camera lens. The captured omnidirectional image can be recovered to all-focus image though certain deconvolution method. Experiments on a variety of scenes (indoor/outdoor) demonstrate the benefits of using the coded apertures over conventional circular apertures. The sharp image obtained can be combined for various catadioptric applications, including omnidirectional monitoring systems, intelligent omnidirectional systems and robotics.     

水平场景无畸变的折反射全景成像系统

基于透视成像模型，建立了一套较完整的水平场景无畸变的折反射全景成像系统设计方法，分析了该系统的近似透视成像性质；设计制作了特殊面形反射镜，建立了水平场景无畸变的折反射全景成像系统，给出了实验图像，并与双曲面折反射全景成像系统的实景图像和透视全景图像进行了比较。     

折反射周视系统研究进展与展望

折反射周视系统作为近十几年发展起来的一种新型周视视觉实现形式,相比相机旋转扫描、多相机图像拼接和鱼眼镜头大视场成像等常规方法,在小型化、结构灵活性、成本和实时性方面具有优势。本文综述了折反射周视系统的成像模型、系统标定、畸变校正和全视场清晰成像等基本问题研究状况,讨论了折反射周视系统在红外成像和立体视觉领域的扩展应用研究现状,最后总结了目前存在的问题,并提出未来折反射周视成像系统将围绕非单视点成像模型、提高空间分辨力的方法和处理算法实时实现开展研究。     

双曲面折反射全景成像系统

给出了双曲面折反射全景成像系统的设计方法，推导了系统的逆投影计算公式，建立了虚拟像面内透视全景图像与实际像平面内全景图像的坐标映射关系，为全景视频图像的处理提供了必要的模型和计算方法。提出了全景成像系统设计方法，研制出双曲面反射镜，建立了双曲面折反射全景成像系统。     

水平场景无畸变折反射全景成像系统透镜畸变的消除

采用短焦距透镜设计水平场景无畸变折反射全景成像系统,会使系统更加小型化,然而短焦距透镜的畸变会对系统成像产生影响。为此建立了具有径向畸变的相机模型;根据这一相机模型,研究了采用短焦距摄像头的水平场景无畸变折反射全景成像系统中,透镜畸变对系统成像的影响,结果表明短焦距透镜的畸变会对系统成像产生严重影响;为了消除透镜畸变的影响,对反射镜的设计进行了改进,在反射镜面形微分方程中包含了透镜畸变消除的参量;按新的方法,设计了一套由短焦距摄像头组成的水平场景无畸变折反射全景成像系统。     

Single-camera panoramic stereo system model based on skew ray tracing

This study integrates panoramic imaging and stereo vision theory to propose an innovative 3D optical positioning method for single-camera panoramic stereo imaging systems. The conventional single-viewpoint theory based on pinhole modeling is replaced by a skew ray tracing methodology to establish the geometrical relationships of object and image. An analytical model of a single-CCD panoramic stereo imaging system is then established by adopting a catadioptric imaging system, a single-CCD stereo panoramic vision system and the presented skew ray camera calibration method.     

基于折反射全景相机的视觉里程计研究

为了实现折反射全景相机实时定位,提出了基于特征点法的可以用于折反射全景相机的视觉里程计算法。对折反射全景相机的投影模型重新设计了初始化模块,用于全景相机位姿的初始化。在初始化模块中,提出了适用于折反射全景相机的球面对极几何,通过球面对极几何计算初始化过程中两帧图像间位姿变化关系。为了验证算法鲁棒性和精确度,在相同场景下,将本文算法与使用针孔相机的特征点法的视觉里程计算法进行对比。结果表明,使用折反射全景相机的情况下,室外场景和室内场景下视觉里程计精度分别比针孔相机算法提升了38%和50%。     

摄影测量图像处理的高精度误差补偿法

在高精度的摄影测量中,图像处理精度对整体测量精度起着至关重要的作用,但成像过程中摄像机对特征点图像的离散化采样,会造成图像与原始信号的失真,从而带来图像处理环节的误差。通过对图像处理过程中特征点总能量、能量分布弥散半径和图像处理窗口的特性分析,并以特征点中心位置、提取误差大小和能量密度函数的标准差之间关系为基础,提出一种针对离散化采样的误差补偿法。该方法仅需标定一次补偿参数,适用于所有摄像机和算法,可显著提升原有图像处理精度。实验证明,对于质心法和高斯拟合法,该补偿法可将图像提取精度提高到0.03pixel。     

Real-time distortion correction of fish-eye lens based on Bayer image signal

The imaging system based on a fish-eye lens generally has to correct the distortion of fish-eye images. The distortion correction based on the Bayer image signal is valuable, such as reducing the computation burden of image signal processing chips and providing a new imaging system structure of fish-eye lens. In this paper, a distortion correction method of fish-eye lens based on the Bayer image signal is proposed. Firstly, a distortion correction method that focuses on vertical straight lines and processing delay is proposed. Secondly, according to the correlation among color channels of the Bayer image, a novel Hermite interpolation method appropriate for Bayer image signal is proposed. Finally, a prototype system of fish-eye-lens-based imaging is established and the real-time field-programmable gate array (FPGA) implementation of the proposed method is demonstrated. The experiment demonstrates that the proposed distortion correction is not only characteristic of real-time processing and the smaller computation amount, but also applicable to embedded hardware.     

Graying for images with color-discrete characteristic

It is realized that there is a category of images with color-discrete characteristic, widely investigated in the fields of machine vision, image processing and pattern recognition. Despite the authority of weighted-average method on graying, it is not robust enough in the preceding case. In this paper, a graying method based on trichromatic imaging and color-discrete characteristic is proposed. Detailed experimental evidence has demonstrated that this method can maximize contrast of target region furthest while graying; also this feature can improve performance of thresholding and image enhancement, which has significant effect on image processing tasks in natural scenes. In addition, the proposed may help to optimize design of imaging devices.     

A progressive processing method for breast cancer detection via UWB based on an MRI-derived model

Ultra-wideband （UWB） microwave imaging is a promising method for breast cancer detection based on the large contrast of electric parameters between the malignant tumor and its surrounded normal breast organisms. In the case of multiple tumors being present, the conventional imaging approaches may be ineffective to detect all the tumors clearly. In this paper, a progressive processing method is proposed for detecting more than one tumor. The method is divided into three stages： primary detection, refocusing and image optimization. To test the feasibility of the approach, a numerical breast model is developed based on the realistic magnetic resonance image （MRI）. Two tumors are assumed embedded in different positions. Successful detection of a 3.6 mm-diameter tumor at a depth of 42 mm is achieved. The correct information of both tumors is shown in the reconstructed image, suggesting that the progressive processing method is promising for multi-tumor detection.     

基于Voigt函数的拉曼成像插值方法

拉曼成像是拉曼光谱技术非常重要的一个环节,通过生成光谱数据的伪彩图像,可以得到采集区域中某物质组分的浓度和位置分布信息,当前,拉曼成像技术已经逐渐成为监测生物活性以及物质组分的最优解之一.为了得到清晰的成像效果,采集过程中的数据量不宜过小,否则成像效果差、锯齿感较重,从而导致视觉效果不好.但是,数据量的增加虽然可以得到...     

Region-specialized underwater image restoration in inhomogeneous optical environments

Underwater optical imaging and image processing play an important role in oceanic scientific research and practical applications. However, as light is absorbed and scattered by the water which it passes through, the underwater image acquired is seriously degraded. The resolution and contrast are lowered by light scattering and color is distorted by the wavelength-selective absorption. In order to solve these problems, various artificial sources are widely used in underwater imaging systems. However, additional sources except the parallel background light will cause pollution to the underwater optical environments, making it inhomogeneous. In this condition, the popular image processing methods based on the assumption of the homogeneous ambient light are weak or even futile. Aimed to solve this problem, a region-specialized method for underwater image restoration is proposed in this paper. Region-varied changes in the ambient light are taken into consideration for dehazing and color compensation. In contrast to the references including the state of art methods for both underwater image enhancement and restoration, the enhanced clarity and color fidelity are obtained through visual evaluation. Moreover, the highest score of no-reference perceptual quality assessment is obtained by the proposed method as well.     

折反射全向相机镜面位姿的自标定方法

在已知镜面和透视相机参数的情况下,提出一种不需要任何其他标定物的折反射全向相机镜面位姿的自标定算法,只需要折反射相机采集任意一幅图像即可估计出反射镜面与透视相机之间的旋转和平移。利用镜面外边缘所成的像,通过平面圆位姿估算方法获得两个候选位姿;再利用透视相机镜头边缘的成像,同时进行镜头边缘参数估计和镜面位姿选择。该标定方法操作简单,精度高,适用于非单视点相机的标定。仿真和真图实验结果证明了该方法的有效性。     

四光束剪切相干成像目标重构算法研究

针对传统剪切光束成像技术的准实时性问题,提出用口字形排布的四束光代替传统L形三束剪切光照射目标,研究了四光束剪切相干成像目标重构算法.只需单次测量就能同时重构出四幅目标图像,减少了用于降低散斑噪声、获取高质量图像所需的测量次数,同时大大减少了多组发射时的光束切换次数,提高了成像效率.在算法实现中,通过最小二乘法恢复出四组波前相位,利用散斑幅值的简单代数运算恢复波前幅值,从而重构出目标图像.仿真结果表明,与传统方法相比,在图像质量相同的前提下,本文方法所需的数据采集时间减少了至少1/2,不但提高了目标重构效率,还可为远程运动目标的成像识别提供更好的手段.     

Estimation of optical abnormalities in breast phantom by diffuse equation

Optical imaging is an emerging method for bio-imaging. The advantages of this imaging provide non-ionizing and safe radiation, non-invasive and functional medical imaging. Due to diffusion of photons inside biological tissues, its image processing is complicated. So in spite of these advantages, this imaging method has not been progressed like ultrasound imaging and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Also, the penetration depth of photons inside biological phantom is low. To overcome this problem, the complicated diffusion of photons through tissue must be modeled. The diffuse equation can be applied to simulate photons through turbid media like biological tissues. In this paper, the diffuse equation is used to study propagation of diffuse photons. The green function method is applied to solve this equation, and then the optical properties of abnormalities in breast phantom are estimated. This fast method can be applied for image processing.     

Calculating depth maps from digital holograms using stereo disparity

Depth extraction is an important aspect of three-dimensional (3D) image processing with digital holograms and an essential step in extended focus imaging and metrology. All available depth extraction techniques with macroscopic objects are based on variance; however, the effectiveness of this is object dependent. We propose to use disparity between corresponding points in intensity reconstructions to determine depth. Our method requires a single hologram of a scene, from which we reconstruct two different perspectives. In the reconstruction the phase information is not needed, which makes this method useful for in-line digital holography. To our knowledge disparity based 3D image processing has never been proposed before for digital holography.     

一种基于改进频域图像配准技术的超分辨力图像处理方法

为提高光电成像系统的空间分辨力,提出了一种基于改进的频率域图像配准技术的超分辨力图像处理方法。首先利用改进的频域图像配准方法估算出低分辨力图像之间的微位移量,然后采用Papoulis-Gerchberg超分辨力处理方法完成图像复原。利用不同重构方法进行了仿真及实验研究,给出了评价参数。模拟和实际显微热图像的处理结果表明:该算法可使图像质量得到改善,分辨的细节更多,可有效地提高光电成像系统的空间分辨力;处理算法简单,计算量小,可实现快速处理。该算法还可应用于其他不可控光学微扫描成像系统中,具有广泛的应用前景。     

中心折反射全方位摄像头的标定方法研究

提出一种适用于不同类型中心折反射全方位摄像头的标定方法。该方法不需标定模板的运动信息或限定全方位摄像头的类型,而只用通过摄像头观测分布在不同位置的标定模板,对所采集的标定模板图像提取角点,将包含内外部参数的非线性图像投影函数用泰勒级数展开表示,应用Levenberg-Marquardt算法计算摄像头外部参数,而通过对超定方程组的伪逆求解计算内部参数。整个标定过程简单,快速而且自动完成。利用某一中心折反射全方位摄像头对提出的方法进行了实验,实验结果表明,该方法可获得很好的标定效果。