原位聚合法制备具有温敏PNIPAM壳的核-壳结构聚合物纳米微球的研究

结合大分子自组装和原位自由基聚合方法,采用油溶性引发剂偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN),在聚(ε-已内酯)(PCL)纳米粒子表面引发聚合单体N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAM)和交联剂亚甲基双(丙烯酰胺)(MBA),制备得到了核-壳结构的PCL/PNIPAM聚合物纳米微球.系统研究了单体和交联剂用量、壳层目标交联度、初始PCL/DMF溶液的浓度及引发剂AIBN含量4个反应参数对核-壳结构PCL/PNIPAM纳米微球的PNIPAM壳层得率、微球尺寸、温敏性能及电镜形貌的影响.结果表明,在制备核-壳结构PCL/PNIPAM纳米微球的反应过程中,PCL粒子表面的聚合和水中的聚合二者之间相互竞争.适当增加引发剂AIBN的添加量,有利于制备得到核/壳比例可控的PCL/PNIPAM纳米微球;交联剂MBA较高的反应活性导致形成了非均匀交联的PNIPAM壳层.     

丙烯酰胺基偶氮苯的RAFT聚合反应动力学

以丙烯酰胺基偶氮苯(AAAB)为单体,二硫代苯甲酸异丙苯酯(CDB)为链转移剂,偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)为溶剂,利用可逆加成-断裂链转移(RAFT)聚合法合成了侧链含有偶氮苯基团的聚丙烯酰胺基偶氮苯(PAAAB),同时考察了反应温度、引发剂浓度、链转移剂浓度等因素对聚合反应的影响。利用FT-IR、1H NMR、GPC等对其结构进行了表征。结果表明,聚合反应动力学曲线呈良好的线性关系,分子量分布窄;随着[CDB]/[AIBN]比例的增大,聚合速率、分子量和分子量分布均下降。     

RAFT聚合法合成PDMAEMA-b-PAAAB嵌段共聚物的研究

以甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯(DMAEMA)为单体、二硫代苯甲酸异丙苯酯(CDB)为链转移剂、偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,利用RAFT聚合法合成了聚甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯(PDMAEMA)。以所得PDMAEMA为大分子链转移剂,丙烯酰胺基偶氮苯(AAAB)为单体,AIBN为引发剂,采用RAFT聚合法合成了PDMAEMA-b-PAAAB共聚物,并考察了AAAB的RAFT聚合反应动力学,利用FT-IR、1 H-NMR、GPC和TG对聚合物的结构和热性能进行了表征。结果表明,PDMAEMA的分子量随聚合反应时间的增加而增加,且分子量分布较窄;PDMAEMA-b-PAAAB嵌段共聚物的分子量随着AAAB单体转化率的升高而线性增加,且分子量分布较窄(PDI1.3),聚合反应动力学曲线呈良好的线性关系,且具有较好的热稳定性。     

脱氢枞酸/GMA酯化物的均聚研究

以脱氢枞酸/GMA酯化物(DG)为原料,偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,在甲苯溶液中进行了DG的均聚反应。研究了反应温度、反应时间、引发剂种类和引发剂用量对DG均聚反应的影响,采用单因素试验和正交试验对聚合反应的条件进行优化。利用红外光谱、凝胶渗透色谱和热重分析对产物进行测试表征。结果表明:成功合成了DG的均聚物(PDG),且PDG具有较好的热稳定性;均聚反应的最佳条件为反应温度100℃,搅拌速度400r/min,AIBN为单体总量的2%(wt),反应4h。     

4,4‘—偶氮二（4氰基戊酰对甲苯胺）的合成及其用作嵌段共聚合引发剂

合成了一类新型的含偶氮基和对甲苯基氨基甲酰基的多功能引发剂，４，４’偶氮二（４氰基戊酰对甲苯胺）．测定其偶氮键热分解反应为一级反应，分解活化能为１２４６ＫＪ·ｍｏｌ－１．利用引发剂中对甲苯氨基甲酰与Ｃｅ（ＩＶ）盐的氧化还原引发单体聚合，得到含有偶氮端的预聚物，它在６５℃热分解引发另一单体聚合生成嵌段共聚物．纯化后的共聚物，经ＩＲ等结构表征为嵌段共聚物     

RAFT聚合法合成聚丙烯酰胺基偶氮苯的研究

以二硫代苯甲酸苄酯(BDTB)为链转移剂,偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,丙烯酰胺基偶氮苯(AAAB)为单体,DMF为溶剂,利用可逆加成-断裂链转移(RAFT)聚合法合成了聚丙烯酰胺基偶氮苯(PAAAB),并考察了聚合温度和链转移剂浓度对聚合反应的影响。通过FT-IR、1 H-NMR、GPC等对链转移剂和聚合物结构进行了表征。结果表明:聚合反应动力学曲线呈良好的线性关系,分子量分布窄;随着[BDTB]/[AIBN]比例的增大,聚合速率和分子量下降,分子量分布变窄。     

聚[2-(4-苯基偶氮苯氧基)乙基丙烯酸酯]的合成及光响应性能研究

从4-羟基偶氮苯出发,依次与2-氯乙醇、丙烯酰氯反应,合成了2-(4-苯基偶氮苯氧基)乙基丙烯酸酯(PAPEA)。接着以PAPEA为单体,二硫代苯甲酸异丁腈酯(CPDB)为链转移剂,偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,利用可逆加成-断裂链转移(RAFT)聚合法合成了聚[2-(4-苯基偶氮苯氧基)乙基丙烯酸酯](PPAPEA)均聚物,同时考察了反应时间、引发剂和链转移剂浓度等因素对聚合反应的影响。利用FT-IR、1H-NMR和GPC等对单体和聚合物的结构进行了表征,并利用UV对聚合物的光响应性能进行了测试。结果表明,PAPEA的聚合反应动力学曲线呈良好的线性关系,分子量分布较窄(小于1.3);均聚物在紫外光照下的异构化速率随分子量的增大而减缓,而其在自然光下的回复速率变化不大。     

一种低分子量带有羧基的聚丙烯酸酯丙烯酸树脂的制备和性质

制备了一种紫外光固化预聚物——带有羧基的低分子量聚丙烯酸酯丙烯酸树脂(Polyacrylate acrylic resin, PAAR).其主链由丙烯酸烷基酯和丙烯酸进行共聚而得,当采用丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯和丙烯酸(摩尔比1:1:1)作为共聚单体,引发剂AIBN为1.5%,链转移剂十二硫醇为2.5%时,聚合得到的聚丙烯酸酯(Polyacrylate, PA)分子量在1100-1400之间,多分散性小于2,反应速率快,转化率高;由这种PA和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)进行酯化反应,制备得到最终产物聚丙烯酸酯丙烯酸树脂,酯化率可以达到80%以上,其光固化膜具有较好的涂膜硬度和柔韧性,光泽度饱满.     

水溶性聚合物和两亲聚合物 16.聚苯乙烯/聚丙烯酰胺嵌段聚合物的合成和表征

采用聚偶氮酯引发剂,合成了聚苯乙烯/聚丙烯酰胺嵌段聚合物(PSt/PAM)。考察了含偶氮基聚苯乙烯预聚物(pre-PSt)在1,4-二氧六环中引发AM的聚合反应行为,讨论了影响第二单体转化率和聚苯乙烯均聚物含量的因素。用元素分析、溶解性、红外光谱、DSC、TG和裂解色谱表征了PSt/PAM嵌段聚合物。     

氮氧自由基调控下苯乙烯的活性自由基聚合

本文用亚磷酸三-(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶氮氧自由基)酯(PT3)作为稳定自由基,偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)和四乙基秋兰姆(TETD)分别作为起始自由基引发剂引发苯乙烯在125℃聚合。实验结果表明：在两种自由基引发剂存在下,Pb都可以有效地控制苯乙烯的聚合,分子量随转化率线性增长,分子量分布控制在1．15-1．6。对AIBN和TETD聚合过程比较可以发现：TETD引发下的聚合速度快于AIBN的聚合速度,就分子量分布和分子量的控制而言,两者具有相拟的能力。用得到的大分子聚合物为引发剂戚功进行的扩链实验也证明在三臂聚合物中心的烷氧胺可以继续引发苯乙烯聚合。     

Solvation effect in thermal decomposition of 2,2′-azoisobutyronitrile

The solvation effect in the thermal decomposition of a radical initiator (AIBN) in monomer–solvent mixtures is discussed. Equations were derived which comprise the initiator decomposition constant as a function of the monomer mole fraction for chosen types of solvation. In addition, equations were deduced presenting the concentrations and partial relative decomposition rates for the solvated initiator species as a function of the monomer mole fraction. The equations obtained were compared to the experimental literature data and possible dependences of decomposition constants on monomer concentration were simulated for various solvated species. The simulated relationships were found to be straight lines, curves of saturated type (possessing a plateau), S-shaped curves, and maximum or minimum curves. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Surface active azogroup-containing polymers and their use in emulsion polymerization

Polymeric azoinitiators have been obtained by the acidcatalyzed polyreaction of azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) with tetraethylene glycol (TEG) and 1.6-hexanediol resp. The kinetics of decomposition of these polyazoesters were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) resulting in an activation energy of E_a=124.5 KJ/mol and a frequency factor of A= 3.6 · 10¹⁴ sec^–1.The polyazoesters were used to initiate radical polymerization of acrylamide limiting the decomposition of the initiator to 37%. The resulting polyacrylamides containing azogroups had molecular weights between 50 000 and 250 000 g/mol. They are surface active polymers having a critical micell concentration of 0.1 to 0.3 g./l. By use of these polyacrylamides as an emulsifying initiator system stable emulsions of polymers were obtained without additional use of a tenside. Polymethacrylic acid containing azogroups can be used as well as an emulsifying initiator.The latex particles are stabilized by a solvated shell of a polymer. Thus it is possible to obtain stable emulsions in organic solvents by use of an azogroup-containing prepolymer which is soluble in that solvent. An emulsion of polyacrylamide in methanol ohtained by use of an azogroup-containing polyvinylacetate is an example.Dedicated to Professor F. H. Müller.Thanks are due to Dr. R. Menhold, Bayer AG, Leverkusen for performing the electronmicroscopic investigations. Financial support by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and Fonds der Chemischen Industrie is gratefully acknowledged.     

复合引发剂体系引发下氯乙烯悬浮聚合动力学模型及应用

在建立复合引发剂分解动力学模型的基础上,推导了复合引发剂体系引发下的氯乙烯(VC)悬浮聚合动力学模型.用模型预测不同温度、引发剂复合体系引发的氯乙烯聚合动力学与实验数据能较好地吻合.其中TxEHP,Tx99,Tx23和Tx36在51和57℃下的引发效率由单一引发剂引发的VC动力学数据计算     

双官能度引发剂引发苯乙烯聚合微观动力学

采用 2 ,5 二甲基 2 ,5 二己酰基过氧化己烷 (DMDEHPH)为引发剂 ,在 5 5～ 80℃下引发苯乙烯聚合 .通过研究影响聚合速率的各种因素 ,得出了聚合速率对单体浓度和引发剂浓度的级数分别为 1 0和 0 5次、聚合活化能为 92 0kJ mol、引发效率为 0 5 5± 0 0 3.温度一定 ,引发效率随引发剂浓度的增加而减小 .求得 6 0和70℃下DMDEHPH向引发剂的链转移常数分别为 0 0 37和 0 0 4 8、向单体的链转移常数分别为 0 5 9× 10 - 4和0 75× 10 - 4.     

含偶氮聚四氢呋喃的合成及分解

<正> 本文以4,4′-偶氮二异氰基戊酰氯(ACVCl)与SbCl_5引发体系,低温下进行THF聚合,合成出主链中含有一个偶氮基的聚四氢呋喃(简称AZO-PTHF)。该聚合物中的AZO基和通常低分子偶氮化合物一样可在受热时发生分解反应,生成大分子游离基,因此可作为高分子引发剂引发乙烯基单体聚合。ESR波谱分析表明,该聚合物在40°C左右热分解产生游离基。     

Determination of in-cage and out-of-cage recombination of initiator radicals in solution polymerization using labeled initiators

The amount of in-cage and out-of-cage recombination of initiator radicals has been measured by recovering the recombination products of simultaneous decomposition of an unlabeled and a deuterium-labeled initiator. The occurrence of recombination products generated from both an unlabeled and a deuterium-labeled initiator fragment, which can be monitored in a mass spectrometer, indicate out-of-cage recombination. It turned out that in the course of decomposition of dibenzoylperoxide in benzene, biphenyl was not produced by direct recombination of the phenyl radicals originally generated, but rather by interaction with benzene. Upon decomposing azoisobutyronitrile in various solvents, however, both in-cage recombination and out-of-cage recombination were observed. When small amounts of styrene were added to such systems, the initiator radicals tended rather to react with styrene than to undergo out-of-cage recombination.     

Chemical properties of water-soluble,nonionic azo compounds as initiators for emulsion polymerization

Four kinds of water-soluble, nonionic azo compounds were studied in terms of their decomposition rate and initiator efficiency in radical polymerization, and then used for emulsion polymerization. They had relatively low initiator efficiency from 0.09 to 0.46. It was attributed to the susceptibility to a cage effect, depending on their molecular size and hydrophobicity. Four azo compounds initiated emulsion polymerization but nonionic latex particles were not obtained unexpectedly. Methanol-containing medium results in the formation of a bimodal particle size distribution as well as a bimodal molecular weight distribution. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Determination of rate constants of benzoyl peroxide and azobisisobutyronitrile dissociation via polymerization kinetics

A linear expression is derived from Tobolsky's equation related to the dead-end polymerization method to determine the rate constant for the initiator dissociation. This novel graphical method applies remarkably well to the kinetic data collected by dilatometry from the polymerization of methyl methacrylate initiated by 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile and benzoyl peroxide in toluene at 60°C. Results obtained for these two initiators are consistent with those published in the literature. Applicability of the method is confined to at least 5% and at most 13% decomposition of initiator. However, these limiting values are sensitive to the experimental techniques employed. The effects of induced decomposition of benzoyl peroxide and thermal polymerization of methyl methacrylate are shown to be negligible in the present investigations.     

Effect of Oxygen on the Polymerization of Vinyl Chloride

The effects of oxygen on the liquid-phase polymerization of vinyl chloride at 55°C in the presence of an added initiator, bis(4-tert-butylcyclohexy1) peroxydicarbonate, (Perkadox 16), have been studied by tumbled dilatometry. A conventional kinetic scheme involving a predominant cross-termination reaction is proposed to explaine the dependence of the induction period on initial oxygen concentration and initiator concentration. The degree of conversion of the initial oxygen to peroxidic compounds did not exceed 30% by weight under any experimental conditions employed, and the existence of other oxidation products such as formaldehyde, carbon monoxide, and methanol has been demonstrated. Radical decomposition reactions may produce some of the oxidation products. At 55°C, the average velocity constant for decomposition of vinyl chloride polyperoxides in dichloromethane solution was 8 × 10^?5 sec^?1 compared with 6.6 × 10^?5 sec^?1 for Perkadox 16. Perkadox 16 has been used as an initiator in a dilatometric study of the homogeneous polymerization of styrene at 60°c. Molecular weights of the polymers were determined viscometrically or by the use of gel-permeation chromatography. The results indicate that no transfer to initiator occurs in this systems.     

Graft Copolymerization of Methyl Methacrylate onto Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) Fibers Using Benzoyl Peroxide

Abstract

The graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate onto poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers has been studied using benzoyl peroxide as initiator. The grafting reactions were carried out within the 70 to 90°C temperature range, and the variations of graft yield with monomer and initiator concentrations were also investigated. The overall activation energy for grafting was calculated as 34.1 kcal/mol. The results of dyeability with the disperse dye suggested that diffusion into the fiber structure was moderately difficult when the graft yield reached 14?15%. The maximum graft yield was obtained at a benzoyl peroxide concentration of 4.00 × 10^?3 M. The decomposition temperature values obtained from thermogravimetric analysis show that the thermal stability of poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers decreased as a result of grafting. Further, such change in the properties of methyl methacrylate grafted fibers as density, diameter, and moisture regain were also determined.