单边裂纹通电瞬间裂尖处应力场的复变函数解

本文应用复变函数中的Schwarz-Christoffel变换方法，在具单边裂纹的导电薄板通电瞬间温度场复变函数解的基础上，推导出用复变函数表示的应力场的表达式，并且给出算例，通过理论计算得知；当对具有单边裂纹的导电薄板通入适当密度的电流时，裂尖处温度急剧升高并熔化便裂尖变钝。同时，在裂尖周围形成了有利于遏制裂纹扩展的压应力场，有效地防止了裂纹沿其主方向和其它方向延伸。从理论上证明了电磁热效应在裂尖处产生高温形成焊口的同时，压应力场的形成是遏制裂纹扩展的主要因素之一。理论计算结果与实验结果比较吻合，为这一止裂方法的应用打下了理论基础。     

载流板中半无限裂纹形成瞬间尖端域的应力场

给出载流无限大薄板在形成半无限长裂纹的瞬间，尖端附近的温度和应力的具体表达式。通过算例表明：在电流所产生的焦耳热源的作用下，裂尖区域处的温度将瞬时升高，并伴有压应力的产生，从而可达到阻裂纹扩展的目的。     

带有两个共线裂纹载流薄板温度场的复变函数解

采用复变函数方法对带有两个共线穿透裂纹的导电薄板，在瞬间电流作用下的温度场进行了计算。针对带有两个共线裂纹或夹杂的载流薄板形成了边值问题，给出封闭形式的解，得到了电流在裂纹尖端的奇异特征。在形成了点热源的基础上，导出裂纹端附近区域的温度场表达式，为计算裂纹尖端附近应力场打下了基础。     

微小缺口/孔洞的激光衍射无损检测

基于裂纹和孔洞的小尺寸特征,提出了微小缺口/孔洞的激光衍射无损探测技术,给出了解析表达式.通过这一技术,对单向拉伸试件中所含单边缺口和中心孔洞在外载作用下的演化过程进行了实时原位检测,获得了缺口/孔洞孔径随载荷的变化曲线及模拟裂纹时裂纹的张开位移、裂纹开裂长度及应力强度因子等一系列断裂参数.     

脉冲电流在导电薄板裂纹止裂技术中的应用

给出了脉冲电流作用下,无限大薄板中裂纹尖端附近电流密度及焦耳热源功率的表达式,并在此基础上,推得了尖端区域处温度的具体表达式。通过算例证实了,可利用脉冲电流在尖端处产生的热电磁集中效应来抑制裂纹的传播。     

载流薄板中裂纹形成瞬间尖端附近的应力场

利用电磁场的热效应对带有裂纹的载流导体进行裂纹止裂,是为了达到延长其工作寿命,提高安全性、可靠性的一种行之有效的方法。本文在文献[1]的基础上,以导电弹性体的麦克斯威尔方程为出发点,借助于边界条件和初始条件,推得了载流无限大薄板在形成裂纹的瞬间,裂纹尖端附近电流密度、温度和应力的具体表达式。通过算例分析证实了：在给定参数的情况下,通入适当强度的电流时,在电流所产生的焦耳热源的作用下,裂尖区域处的温度将瞬时升高,同时伴有压应力的产生,从而可达到阻止裂纹扩展的目的。     

导电薄板内电流密度分布与反平面剪切的比拟

定量分析电流密度在含裂纹载流薄板内的分布是当前利用电流热效应止裂技术中一个首先要解决的问题．由于裂纹的存在,电流密度在裂尖形成带奇异性分布的高度密集．现有的分析方法往往比较复杂或局限于特殊布置形式的裂纹．通过电流密度分布与弹性力学里反平面剪切问题的比拟,把分析含裂纹载流薄板内电流密度的分布等效于考虑相应的III型裂纹问题,并比照III型裂纹的应力强度因子来定义电流密度因子．而对于裂纹问题的处理可采用分布位错法这一断裂力学里便利有效的分析手段．由给出的算例可见,所提出的比拟解法可以方便精确地求解电流密度在裂尖附近的奇异分布,并有助于对这一奇异性在概念上的直观理解．     

载流圆形薄板的磁弹性应力与变形分析

本文在建立非定常电磁场和机械载荷作用下载流圆形薄板非线性变形状态下的磁弹性二维关系方程和运动方程的基础上，对其在非静态电磁场和机械载荷联合作用下的位移及应力进行了分析，获得了耦合场中一些参量的变化规律，通过具体算例，得出了载流圆形薄板在机械场和电磁场作用下的位移及应力与通电电流强度之间的关系，并解决了圆板中心处的奇异性问题，给出了在轴对称条件下的数值解，计算结果表明，改变通电电流及电磁感应强度的大小，可以改变载流薄板的应力和变形状态，达到控制薄板的受力和变形的目的。     

含有多个涂层压电纤维复合材料的平面问题研究

压电纤维在未来的复合材料结构健康监测中具有重要作用．本文基于横观各向同性压电材料位移和应力连续条件以及经典的复势函数理论,讨论了同时受到平面内机械载荷和出平面电载荷作用时含有多个带涂层压电纤维的无限大线弹性基体的平面力学问题．首先将线弹性基体、涂层和压电纤维的应力场、位移场表示成复势函数,然后通过横观各向同性压电材料和线弹性材料的位移和应力连续条件确定复势函数表达式．将得到的复势函数表达式代入线弹性基体、涂层和压电纤维的的应力场、位移场公式可确定其应力场和位移场．最后,通过定量的案例讨论了涂层的材料属性对线弹性基体应力场的影响．案例分析表明涂层的材料属性对压电复合材料的应力场有重要的影响．     

层状磁电复合材料界面共线裂纹平面问题分析

本文研究了面内电磁势载荷作用下双层压电压磁复合材料中共线界面裂纹问题．考虑了压电材料的导磁性质和压磁材料的介电性质,引入了界面电位移和磁感强度的连续性条件．利用Fourier 变换得到一组第二类Cauchy 型奇异积分方程．进一步导出了相应问题的应力强度因子、电位移强度因子和磁感强度强度因子的表达式,给出了应力强度因子的数值结果．结果表明电磁载荷会导致界面裂纹尖端I、II 混合型应力奇异性,同时还伴随着电位移和磁感强度的奇异性．比较了双裂纹左右端的应力强度因子,发现在面内极化方向上施加面内磁势载荷时共线裂纹内侧尖端区域的两个法向应力场发生互相干涉增强．     

Higher-order crack tip fields for functionally graded material plate with transverse shear deformation

The crack tip fields are investigated for a cracked functionally graded material (FGM) plate by Reissner’s linear plate theory with the consideration of the transverse shear deformation generated by bending. The elastic modulus and Poisson’s ratio of the functionally graded plates are assumed to vary continuously through the coordinate y, according to a linear law and a constant, respectively. The governing equations, i.e., the 6th-order partial differential equations with variable coefficients, are derived in the polar coordinate system based on Reissner’s plate theory. Furthermore, the generalized displacements are treated in a separation-of-variable form, and the higher-order crack tip fields of the cracked FGM plate are obtained by the eigen-expansion method. It is found that the analytic solutions degenerate to the corresponding fields of the isotropic homogeneous plate with Reissner’s effect when the in-homogeneity parameter approaches zero.     

基于辛弹性力学解析本征函数的有限元应力磨平方法

在实际工程结构的结构强度与优化等力学数值分析中,应力计算结果的精度是非常重要的。有限元法是得到最广泛应用的一类数值方法,并形成了众多通用的有限元程序系统。这些程序系统采用的几乎都是基于最小总势能的位移法,虽然其分析给出的有限元位移场具有较高的精度,但所得到的有限元应力场的精度较位移场大大降低。基于极坐标辛对偶体系所提供的平面弹性力学的解析辛本征展开解,并借用有限元程序系统所得到的节点位移,本文提出了一个应力分析的改进方法。数值结果表明,本方法给出的应力分析精度得到大幅提高,并具有良好的数值稳定性,可用于有限元程序系统的后处理,以提高应力尤其是关键区域应力的分析精度。     

APPLICATION OF THE DIGITAL MOIRE METHOD IN FRACTURE ANALYSIS OF A CRACKED RUBBER SHEET

This paper deals with the mode I crack problem of a cracked rubber sheet under plane stress condition using the delicate digital moire technique. Through the four step phase-shifting method of automated fringe analysis, the displacement fields in the Cartesian coordinate system are given. By the coordinate-transform equation, the radial and circular displacement distributions in the polar coordinate system are obtained. The displacement isoline distributions and displacement vector distributions near the crack tip are discussed. The strain isoline distributions near the crack tip are also analyzed in this paper. Finally, the distribution rules for the mechanical fields near the crack tip are discussed with the sector division method.     

Phase Shifting Full-Field Interferometric Methods for Determination of In-Plane Tensorial Stress

A new method that combines phase shifting photoelasticity and transmission Coherent Gradient Sensing (CGS) is developed to determine the tensorial stress field in thin plates of photoelastic materials. A six step phase shifting photoelasticity method determines principal stress directions and the difference of principal stresses. The transmission CGS method utilizes a standard four step phase shifting method to measure the x and y first derivatives of the sum of principal stresses. These stress derivatives are numerically integrated using a weighted preconditioned conjugate gradient (PCG) algorithm, which is also used for the phase unwrapping of the photoelastic and CGS phases. With full-field measurement of the sum and difference of principal stresses, the principal stresses may be separated, followed by the Cartesian and polar coordinate stresses using the principal stress directions. The method is demonstrated for a compressed polycarbonate plate with a side V-shaped notch. The experimental stress fields compare well with theoretical stress fields derived from Williams solution for a thin plate with an angular corner.     

投影云纹法在研究加劲板后屈曲平衡路径及后屈曲模态转化过程的应用

本文应用投影云纹法研究受压加劲板的大挠度非线性问题。用投影云纹法测量加劲板后屈曲平衡路径,记录了随着载荷的增加,加劲板后屈曲模态变化的全过程。将云纹图输入微型计算机处理,获得了加劲板的全场位移和全场应力的分布情况。用投影云纹法所测得的结果同理论计算值基本吻合。     

A novel geometry for rheological characterization of viscoelastic materials

A novel geometry for generating a viscometric flow presents advantages of both cone and plate and parallel plate geometries, regarding uniform shear field and adjustable range of measurement. Kinematics and dynamics of the generated flow have been described mathematically utilizing an orthogonal curvilinear coordinate system based on the shapes of the shearing surfaces which are similar to the surface that generates the flow. Simple equations that allow the calculation of quantities of experimental interest in the rheological characterization of liquid materials, namely, shear rate, shear stress and two normal stress differences, have also been derived.The geometry, called pseudosphere, was tested with two types of fluids (Newtonian and pseudoplastic). Results show that the geometry can be used with low viscosity liquids (Newtonian liquids) by only adjusting the gapH. The behavior of pseudoplastic fluids for both low and moderately high viscosity could also be studied with this geometry. Very reproducible results were obtained when compared with those obtained with cone and plate geometry. Regions of lower shear rate could be studied using only the pseudosphere geometry.     

Electrothermal stress in conductive body with collinear cracks

The temperature and stress field in a thin plate with collinear cracks interrupting an electric current field are determined. This is accomplished by using a complex function method that allows a direct means of finding the distribution of the electric current, the temperature and stress field. Temperature dependency for the heat-transfer coefficient, coefficient of linear expansion and the elastic modulus are considered. As an example, temperature distribution is calculated for an alloy (No. GH2132) plate with two collinear cracks under high temperature. Relationships between the stress, temperature, electric density and crack length are obtained. Crack trajectories emanating from existing crack are predicted by application of the strain energy density criterion which can also be used for finding the load carrying capacity of the cracked plate.     

热弹耦合圆板非线性振动的研究

对温度场中圆板的非线笥热弹耦合自由振动问题,由非线性振动方程、协调方程及热传导方程出发,动用伽辽金法求解,得出一个关于时间的非线笥常策分方程组。将热弹耦合与非热弹耦合情况进行对比,发现给定初始位移较小时,热弹耦合效应使板的固有频率相对与无热弹耦合情形提高;给定初始位移较大时,热弹耦合２使固有频率降低,该文不还比较了不同热弹参数和边界条件对热弹耦合效应的影响。     

Differential quadrature element method for static analysis of Reissner–Mindlin polar plates

In this paper, a new numerical technique, the differential quadrature element method (DQEM) , has been developed for static analysis of the two-dimensional polar Reissner–Mindlin plate in the polar coordinate system by integrating the domain decomposition method (DDM) with the differential quadrature method (DQM) . The detailed formulations for the sectorial DQEM plate bending element and the compatibility conditions between each element are presented. The convergence properties and the accuracy of the DQEM for bending of thick polar plates are investigated through a number of numerical computations. Consequently, the DQEM has been successfully applied to analyze several annular sector plates with discontinuous loading and boundary conditions and cutouts to illustrate the simplicity and flexibility of this method for solving Reissner–Mindlin plates in polar coordinate system which are not solvable directly using the differential quadrature method. The numerical results are verified by the existing exact solutions or the FEM solutions obtained using the software package ANSYS (Version 5.3) .