A Study on the Reaction of 1-（3-Pyridyl）-2,2-di-substituted Ethylenes with 1-Benzyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide

The reaction of a series of 1-（3-pyridyl）-2,2-di-substituted ethylenes with 1-benzyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide （BNAH） in deaerated acetonitrile produces the corresponding 1-（3-pyridyl）-2,2-di-substituted ethanes in contrast to benzylidenemalononitrile （BM） which does not react with BNAH under the same conditions.     

1，1－二氨基2，2－二硝基乙烯（DADE）的热化学性质、热行为和热分解机理

The constant-volume combustion energy, △cU （DADE, s, 298.15 K）, the thermal behavior, and kinetics and mechanism of the exothermic decomposition reaction of 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene （DADE） have been investigated by a precise rotating bomb calorimeter, TG-DTG, DSC, rapid-scan fourier transform infrared （RSFT-IR） spectroscopy and T-jump/FTIR, respectively. The value of △cHm （DADE, s, 298.15 K） was determined as （-8518.09±4.59） j·g^-1. Its standard enthalpy of combustion, △cU （DADE, s, 298.15 K）, and standard enthalpy of formation, △fHm （DADE, s, 298.15 K） were calculated to be （-1254.00±0.68） and （- 103.98±0.73） kJ·mol^-1, respectively The kinetic parameters （the apparent activation energy Ea and pre-exponential factor A） of the first exothermic decomposition reaction in a temperature-programmed mode obtained by Kissinger＇s method and Ozawa＇s method, were Ek=344.35 kJ·mol^-1, AR= 1034.50 S^-1 and Eo=335.32 kJ·mol^-1, respectively. The critical temperatures of thermal explosion of DADE were 206.98 and 207.08 ℃ by different methods. Information was obtained on its thermolysis detected by RSFT-IR and T-jump/FTIR.     

Photo-induced Coupling Reaction of 1, 1-Diphenyl-2, 2-dicyanoethylene with 10-Methyl-9, 10-dihydroacridine

In a previous communication1, we reported a novel photo-induced coupling of 9-fluorenylidenemalononitrile 1 with the coenzyme NADH model 10-methyl-9, 10-dihydroacridine (AcrH2) to give 9-dicyanomethyl-9-(10-methyl-9-acridinyl)fluorene and proposed a mechanism involving photo-induced electron transfer-proton transfer and radical coupling. This is a scarce mechanism for the reaction of NADH models2, which usually takes place by a formal hydride transfer pathway3. In view of the novelty of t…     

Effect of Solvents on Oxidation of 1, 1′-Bi-2-naphthol

A novel biomimetic catalyst of complex Cu (p-OTs)2/ethanolamine (1 : 1 ) was used to oxidize 1, 1′-bi-2naphthol into xanthene derivatives with a relative high yield in a mixed solvents of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and CH3OH. The studies on the effect of some solvents on the yield of xanthene derivatives indicates that the yield reduces dramatically with the increase of the content of H2O in the mixed solvents of H2O and DMSO. No product can be obtained when the content of H2O is up to 70%. The cyclic voltammetric study demonstrated that the copper ion in complex Cu(p-OTs)2/ethanolamine(1:1) is reduced via a twostep one-electron reduction process from Cu (Ⅱ) to Cu in the mixture of DMSO and H2O. Water as a poor solvent in respect to the reactants probably hampered the coordination of 1, 1′-bi-2-naphthol to copper/amine complex and led to the insufficient catalytic efficiency of complex Cu(p-OTs),/ethanolamine(1:1).     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 2-p-Methyloxyphenyl- 3a-（2-phenyl-1,2,3-triazole-4-yl）-3,4-dihydro-1,2,4- oxa-diazolo[4,5-d][1,5] Benzothiazepine

The title compound2-p-methyloxyphenyl-3a-(2-phenyl-1,2,3-triazole-4-yl)-3,4- dihydro-1,2,4-oxa-diazolo[4,5-d][1,5] benzothiazepine (C31H25N5O2S, Mr = 531.63) has been syn- thesized and its structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal belongs to triclinic, space group P1 with a = 10.888(2), b = 15.115(3), c = 16.702(3), α = 99.90(3), β = 95.21(3), γ = 100.41(3)o, V = 2642.1(9) nm3, Dc = 1.336 g/cm3, Z = 4, F(000) = 1112, μ = 0.162 mm-1 ,λ(MoKα) = 0.071073 nm, R = 0.0357 and wR = 0.1126 for 10620 observed reflections with I > 2σ(I). X-ray analysis reveals that the molecular backbone consists of a tricyclic system with the central seven- membered ring in a twisted boat-like conformation.     

Enzymatic Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Polycarbonates Derived from 5-Allyloxy-1, 3-dioxan-2-one and 5, 5-Dimethvl-1.3-dioxan-2-one

Novel polycarbonates from 5-allyloxy-1, 3-dioxan-2-one （ATMC） with 5, 5-dimethyl- 1, 3-dioxan-2-one （DTC） were successfully synthesized for the first time using immobilized porcine pancreas lipase （IPPL） as catalyst. The resulting copolymers were characterized by IR, ^1H NMR, ^13C NMR and GPC. The molecular weight （Mn） of the copolymer with molar feed ratio of 10：90 （ATMC：DTC） was 9300 and the polydispersity was 1.31, while the Mn increased to 14300 and polydispersity of 1.25 with the feed ratio of 50：50. Moreover, the composition of the copolymers agreed well with the monomer feed.     

2-叠氮基-1,1-二硝基乙基取代苯衍生物的合成

详细研究了2-叠氮基-1,1-二硝基乙基取代苯衍生物的合成方法。由苯基二硝基甲烷钾盐经羟甲基化,磺酰酯化和叠氮化得到目标化合物:3-硝基-(2-叠氮基-1,1-二硝基乙基)苯(4b),4-硝基-(2-叠氮基-1,1-二硝基乙基)苯(4c),m-二(2-叠氮基-1,1-二硝基乙基)苯(10)和p-二(2-叠氮基-1,1-二硝基乙基)苯(15)。     

Solid-Phase Stereoselective Synthesis of （E）-1, 2-Disubstituted Ethenes from Polymer-Sopported α-Selenoaldehydes

Reaction of polymer-supported α-selenoaldehydes with Grignard reagents afforded polymer-bound β-hydroxyalkyl selenides, which treated with thionyl chloride and triethylamine leading to (E)-1, 2-disubstituted ethenes in good yield.     

Synthesis of the Cyclopentenylamine Derivatives Promoted by SmI2

The intermolecular reductive coupling of 1,1-diary1-2,2-drcyanoethylenes with cinnamic esters promoted by samarium( Ⅱ）iodide was studied.Functionalized cyclopentenylamine derivatives were prepared in good yields under neutral and mild conditions.     

Synthesis and Bioactivity of Novel Aminomethyl-2-（1, 2,4-triazol）-4, 4-dimethyl-3-pentanone （ol）

3, 3-Dimethyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol)-2-butanone was treated with aqueous formaldehyde to give an additional product, and subsequent elimination by acetic anhydride yielded 4,4-dimethyl-2-(1,2,4-triazol)-1-penten-3-one. Further addition with substituted amines provideda series of (1,2,4-triazol)-4,4-dimethyl-3-pentanone, which were then reduced by KBH4 to obtaina series of (1,2,4-triazol)-4,4-dimethyl-3-pentanol. Their structures were confirmed by ^1HNMR and elemental analysis. The results of bioassay showed that the title products possess good fungicidal activities.     

Structural Characterization and Thermal Properties of 1-Amino-1-ethylamino-2,2-dinitroethylene

1-amino-1-ethylamino-2,2-dinitroethylene (AEFOX-7) was synthesized by the reaction of 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene (FOX-7) and ethylamine aqueous solution at 92 oC. The the-oretical investigation on AEFOX-7 was carried out by B3LYP/6-311++G^**method. The IR frequencies and NMR chemical shifts were performed and compared with the experi-mental results. The thermal behavior of AEFOX-7 was studied with differential scanning calorimetry and thermal gravity-derivative thermogravimetry methods, and can be divided into a melting process and an exothermic decomposition process. The enthalpy, apparent activation energy and pre-exponential factor of the exothermic decomposition reaction were obtained as 374.88 kJ/mol, 169.7 kJ/mol, and 10^19.24 s^-1, respectively. The critical temper-ature of thermal explosion of AEFOX-7 is 145.2 oC. The specific heat capacity of AEFOX-7 was determined with micro-DSC method and theoretical calculation method, and the molar heat capacity is 214.50 J/(mol K) at 298.15 K. The adiabatic time-to-explosion of AEFOX-7 was calculated to be a certain value between 1.38-1.40 s. The thermal stability of AEFOX-7 is much lower than that of FOX-7.     

1,1-二氨基-2,2-二硝基乙烯的合成和表征

三氨基三硝基苯(1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene,TATB)非常钝感,已得到广泛应用,但其爆轰能量太低,只相当于奥克托今(1,3．5．7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazacyclooctane,HMX)的65％,影响武器的小型化,因此,有必要研究开发新的能量更高的低(钝)感炸药。1,1-二氨基．2,2-二硝基     

1,1-二氨基-2,2-二硝基乙烯的比热容、热力学性质及绝热至爆时间研究

应用Micro-DSCⅢ微热量仪的两种连续比热容测定模式对1,1-二氨基-2,2-二硝基乙烯(FOX-7)比热容进行了测定. 得到298.15 K时FOX-7的标准摩尔比热容分别为176.56和176.02 J•mol^－1•K^－1, 相对偏差为0.31%. 运用Gaussian 03W程序的DFT-RB3LYP/6-311＋＋G**方法对FOX-7在283～353 K温度范围内进行了比热容理论计算, 结果为147.11～170.54 J•mol^－1•K^－1, 与Micro-DSCⅢ微热量仪测定值偏差在13.27%～15.46%之间. 用测得的比热容方程计算了298.15 K为基础的FOX-7的热力学函数并得到了绝热至爆时间.     

1,1-二氨基-2,2-二硝基乙烯的合成与性能研究

以2-甲基嘧啶-4,6-二酮为原料, 通过硝化和水解过程合成出FOX-7 (1,1-二氨基-2,2-二硝基乙烯), 经IR, MS, NMR和元素分析鉴定了其结构, 并对影响得率的主要因素进行了简要分析. 重结晶提纯后培养合成产物的单晶, 用四圆衍射仪对其进行了结构解析, 得到了合成产物的晶体学数据. 测试了FOX-7的电火花感度和落锤感度, 并同RDX (1,3,5-三硝基-1,3,5-三氮杂环己烷)、HMX(环四甲撑四硝胺)以及TATB(三氨基三硝基苯)进行了对比, 结果表明FOX-7的感度要低于RDX, 但较TATB差. 同时对原始样品和重结晶FOX-7的外观形貌和热性质进行了测试, 并对变化情况进行了说明, 发现FOX-7的外观形貌和热性质可以进一步改善和优化.     

Synthesis and characterization of a new cadmium complex based on 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene

A new cadmium complex of 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene (FOX-7) was synthesized and structurally determined. Central Cd²⁺ is coordinated by six nitrogens from four NH₃ molecules and two FOX-7^? anions to form an octahedral structure. The thermal decomposition of Cd(NH₃)₄(FOX-7)₂ was studied with differential scanning calorimeter and TG–DTG methods. The apparent activation energy and pre-exponential constant of the exothermic process are 220.6 kJ M^?1 and 10^17.86 s^?1, respectively. Cd(NH₃)₄(FOX-7)₂ is sensitive.     

Elucidation of the Role of the Complex in Hydride Transfer Reaction between Methylene Blue and 1-Benzyl-1,4-dihydronictinamide by Effect of γ-Cyclodextrin

The kinetics of the hydride transfer reaction between Methylene Blue (MB⁺) and 1-benzyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide (BNAH) were studied in 10% ethanol-90% water mixed solvents containing β- and γ-cyclodextrins (β-CD and γ-CD). The pseudo-first order rate constant shows kinetic saturation at high initial concentration of BNAH. This indicates the formation of a complex between MB⁺ and BNAH. The reaction was suppressed by addition of β-CD, but enhanced by addition of γ-CD. MB⁺ and BNAH were separately accommodated within the β-CD cavity and the cavity walls may protect the activity site of the reactants. On the other hand, in the MB⁺-BNAH-γ-CD system, the inclusion of the complex between MB⁺ and BNAH with γ-CD occurred. This effect of γ-CD can distinguish between the productive and non-productive nature of the complex.     

Photoinduced and thermal reactions of α‐cyano‐β‐bromomethylcinnamide with 1‐benzyl‐1,4‐dihydronicotinamide

The photoinduced reaction of a mixture of (Z)‐α‐cyano‐β‐bromomethylcinnamide (1) and (E)‐α‐cyano‐β‐bromomethylcinnamide (2) with 1‐benzyl‐1, 4‐dihydronicotinamide produces a mixture of the (E)‐ and (Z)‐ isomers of α‐cyano‐β‐methylcinnamide (3 and 4). Using spin‐trapping technique for monitoring reactive intermediate, it is shown that the reaction proceeds via electron transfer‐debromination‐H abstraction mechanism. The thermal reaction of the same substrate with BNAH at 60°C in the dark gives three products: the (E)‐ and (Z)‐isomers of α‐cyano‐β‐methylcinnamide and a dehydrodimeric product; 2, 7‐dicyano‐3, 6‐diphenylocta‐2, 4, 6‐trien‐1, 8‐dioic amide (7). Based on product analysis, scavenger experiment and cyclic voltammetry, an electron transfer‐debromination‐disproportionation mechanism is proposed.     

Reduction of diaryl disulfides with 1-benzyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide

Reduction of diaryl disulfides with 1-benzyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide (BNAH) proceeded through a radical chain reaction, while dialkyl disulfides were found to be inert to BNAH.     

Ab initio equation of state of an organic molecular crystal: 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene

A complete equation of state for the molecular crystal 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene has been calculated from first principles for temperatures between 0 and 400 K, and for specific volumes from 61 to 83 cm3/mol, corresponding to relative volumes from 0.78 to 1.06. The calculated 300 K isotherm agrees very well with the experimentally measured pressure-volume relation reported by Peiris et al. (Peiris, S. M.; Wong, C. P.; Zerilli, F. J. J. Chem. Phys. 2004, 120, 8060). The volumetric thermal expansion coefficient is calculated to be 140 ppm/K at 300 K and atmospheric pressure and varies considerably with specific volume as well as temperature. The Grüneisen parameter varies significantly with temperature, but its variation with specific volume is small. The calculated specific heat (160 J/mol/K at 300 K and atmospheric pressure) has only a very small dependence on specific volume.