利用啁啾光纤光栅色散特性实现波长可调谐的主动锁模掺铒光纤环行腔激光器

在环形腔主动锁模光纤激光器中引入啁啾光纤光栅，利用啁啾光纤光栅的大色散特性，通过调节调制频率，实现波长调谐，调谐范围2nm。所得脉冲为重复频率2．5GHz，脉宽约60ps的正啁啾脉冲，。     

Enhanced betatron radiation by a modulating laser pulse in laser wakefield acceleration

We propose a new idea to enhance and control the betatron radiation by using a modulating laser pulse in laser wakefield acceleration. In this scheme, a high-power laser pulse is used for self-trapping and acceleration of the plasma electrons and the accelerated electron beam is modulated by a separately-propagating laser pulse for large amplitude betatron oscillations and microbunching. In this way, the relatively low power modulating laser pulse can enhance the X-ray photon flux and energy significantly. We performed two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations to demonstrate the idea and the results show that a sub-TW laser pulse is enough for electron beam modulation and it can generate easily-controllable fs X-ray pulses with a wide range of photon energies from soft X-rays to hard X-rays.     

被动谐波锁模Er3+/Yb3+共掺双包层光纤环形腔激光器

 为了实现高重复频率和高功率的光脉冲,实验采用Er³⁺/Yb³⁺共掺双包层光纤作为增益介质,稳定的中心波长为976 nm的高功率半导体激光器作为泵浦源,利用非线性偏振旋转锁模技术,得到稳定的自起振锁模光脉冲。当泵浦功率为2.4 W时,激光器输出重复频率为8.829 MHz的连续锁模光脉冲,平均输出功率为52.5 mW,自起振锁模泵浦阈值功率为0.6 W,并观测到了稳定的高阶谐波锁模、调Q和调Q-锁模光脉冲输出。     

Modulator‐Free Coherent‐One‐Way Quantum Key Distribution

Time‐bin encoding is an attractive method for transmitting photonic qubits over long distances with minimal decoherence. It allows a simple receiver for quantum key distribution (QKD) that extracts a key by measuring time of arrival of photons and detects eavesdropping by measuring interference of pulses in different time bins. In the past, coherent pulses have been generated using a CW laser and an intensity modulator. A greatly simplified transmitter is proposed and demonstrated here that works by directly modulating the laser diode. Coherence between pulses is maintained by a weak seed laser. The modulator‐free source creates time‐bin encoded pulses with a high extinction ratio (29.4 dB) and an interference visibility above 97 %. The resulting QKD transmitter gives estimated secure key rates up to 4.57 Mbit/s, the highest yet reported for coherent‐one‐way QKD, and can be programmed for all protocols using weak coherent pulses.     

基于光纤中SBS相位共轭的自调Q光纤激光器

分析了利用光纤中的受激布里渊散射(stimulated Brillouin scattering,SBS)相位共轭效应进行激光腔内调Q,产生ns量级脉冲激光的原理,并对利用该效应产生的激光脉冲波形和脉冲形成过程进行了数值模拟,得到的脉冲波形与SBS相位共轭反射率随时间变化曲线基本一致,表明利用光纤中的SBS相位共轭作用调Q具有可行性.据此,对采用单模光纤(single-mode fiber,SMF)作为SBS池的Er³⁺掺杂调Q光纤激光器进行实验研究.当单模光纤长度为1.5 m时,在45 mW的光抽运功率下得到脉宽约2.6ns,脉冲周期58.23ns,平均功率7.35mW的激光脉冲.进一步的研究表明:激光器中相位共轭镜的形成与SBS介质长度有关,SBS介质过长,斯托克斯线之间无固定的相位关系,不能形成相干叠加,SBS相位共轭腔不能形成;SBS介质过短,腔内正交偏振模光子寿命的改变使脉冲出现双峰现象.脉冲形成后其属性只与SBS动态属性有关.     

1.3μmDFB半导体激光超短脉冲的产生及其压缩

本文首次报道１．３μｍ单模超短脉冲产生及压缩实验。通过梳状波电脉冲直接调制ＤＣＰＢＨ－ＤＦＢ半导体激光器，获得２２ｐｓ单模光滑脉冲；然后利用Ｇ－Ｔ干涉仪压缩得到近变换极限超短脉冲。脉宽为９．３ｐｓ，峰值功率超过２００ｍＷ，重复频率１ＧＨｚ，时间带宽乘积为０．３９，脉冲压缩比为２．４。最后对实验结果进行了讨论。     

High harmonic XUV spectral phase interferometry for direct electric-field reconstruction

We demonstrate the first experimental complete temporal characterization of high-harmonic XUV pulses by spectral phase interferometry, with an all-optical setup. This method allows us to perform single-shot measurements of the harmonic temporal profile and phase, revealing a remarkable shot-to-shot stability. We characterize harmonics generated in argon by a 50 fs 800 nm laser pulse. The 11th harmonic is found to be 22 fs long with a negative chirp rate of -4.8 x 10(27) s(-2). This duration can be reduced to 13 fs by modulating the polarization of the generating laser. The technique is easy to implement and could be routinely used in femtosecond XUV pump-probe experiments with harmonics.     

Periodic nanostructures self-formed on silicon and silicon carbide by femtosecond laser irradiation

Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) were formed on Si and SiC surfaces by irradiations with femtosecond laser pulses in air. Different kinds of self-organized structures appeared on Si and SiC at laser fluences slightly higher than the damage threshold, which was measured by confocal laser scanning microscope. The characteristic spatial periodicity of every observed structure was estimated reading the peak values of the 2D Fourier transform power spectra obtained from SEM images. The evolution of the spatial periodicity was finally studied with respect to both the laser fluence and the number of laser pulses. As already observed for metals, the behavior of the spatial periodicity on laser fluence can be related to the parametric decay of laser light into surface plasma waves. Our results suggest a wide applicability of the parametric decay model on different materials, making the model a useful tool in view of different applications of LIPSS.     

Highly dynamic and versatile pulsed fiber amplifier seeded?by?a?superluminescence diode

We propose and investigate a high power superluminescence diode (SLD) as a pulsed seed source for a highly dynamic and versatile pulse fiber amplifier system. The SLD provides, contrary to conventional Fabry?CPérot laser diodes, a smooth and broad output spectrum which is independent of the input pulse parameters. The output pulses from the SLD are as short as 10?ns with up to 150?mW peak power. Moreover, the pulses can be directly shaped by modulating the injection current of the SLD. Pulse shaping in an amplifier configuration is demonstrated without the observation of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) due to the provided spectral bandwidth of 10?nm FWHM. Further spectral shaping was realized with a band pass filter in the amplifier chain.     

相位对比读出三维光数据存储的实验研究

使用波长800 nm、脉冲宽度150f s的近红外激光脉冲紧聚焦到PMMA（聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯）和熔融石英中实现了三维逐位式光数据存储,分别记录下了5、10、 15和20层数据位点.利用相位对比光学显微原理对各层数据并行读出,实验分析了各层数据位点的读出对比度的变化.结果表明:各层数据位点的折射率对比度由内至外依次增加,记录层数越多,其内部层的对比度下降越明显.由于飞秒激光脉冲与透明介质相互作用中,熔融石英内部产生的残余应力比PMMA内大,因此数据位点参数相同的情况下,利用PMMA材料记录的层数更多.     

Mode locking in a free-electron laser amplifier

A technique is proposed to generate attosecond pulse trains of radiation from a free-electron laser amplifier. The optics-free technique synthesizes a comb of longitudinal modes by applying a series of spatiotemporal shifts between the copropagating radiation and electron bunch in the free-electron laser. The modes may be phase locked by modulating the electron beam energy at the mode spacing frequency. Three-dimensional simulations demonstrate the generation of a train of 400 as pulses at gigawatt power levels evenly spaced by 2.5 fs at a wavelength of 124 angstroms. In the x-ray at wavelength 1.5 angstroms, trains of 23 as pulses evenly spaced by 150 as and of peak power up to 6 GW are predicted.     

Effect of Carried-Envelope Phase on Transient Process in a Cascade-Type System

This paper investigates the effect of carried-envelope phase on transient process in a cascade-type atomic system, which is driven by two ultrashort laser pulses （probe and signal laser）. It is found that the one- and two-photon processes corresponding to pathway ｜0〉→｜1〉and ｜0〉→｜1〉→｜2〉 can be enhanced or ,suppressed by modulating the carried-envelope phases of probe laser pulse. Our numerical results also show that the transient populations of two excited states can be periodically affected by the carried-envelope phase of probe laser pulse. With certain time, the partial population transfer between two exited states can be realized just by adjusting the carried-envelope phase of probe laser pulse.     

纳秒激光刻蚀玻璃基质铬薄膜直写微光栅结构

利用波长为351 nm的半导体泵浦全固态脉冲激光器,采用双光束干涉方法,对蒸镀在石英玻璃衬底上的铬薄膜直接刻蚀形成微光栅结构的方法进行了实验研究.通过实验,分析了激光能量和脉冲数与微光栅结构槽形和一级衍射效率之间的关系.利用光学显微镜和原子力显微镜检测分析光栅槽形,测得槽深为253 nm的最佳微光栅结构,并测得其在波长为532 nm的激光的一级衍射效率为6.5%.结果表明：在激光能量为1 150 μJ时,适当增加曝光脉冲数有利于提高制备光栅的槽深和一级衍射效率.     

Determining the phase-energy coupling coefficient in carrier-envelope phase measurements

For f-to-2f interferometers based on white-light generation in sapphire plates, the accuracy of the carrier-envelope (CE) phase measurement and stabilization is affected by the laser energy fluctuation. The coupling coefficient between the CE phase and the laser energy has been determined by modulating the pulse energy in an in-loop f-to-2f interferometer while measuring the CE phase variation with an out-loop interferometer. When the total spectral phase measured by the in-loop interferometer was locked, a 1% change in laser energy caused a 160 mrad shift in the CE phase of the output pulses.     

All-fiber actively Q-switched Yb-doped laser

An all-fiber actively Q-switched Yb-doped laser is presented. Q-switching is performed by modulating a fiber Bragg grating via a magnetostrictive rod which is fixed to the fiber at the position of the grating. By exposing the rod to a changing magnetic field, the rod is stretched and relaxed causing the Bragg wavelength of the grating to shift and thereby changes the Q-factor of the cavity. Using Yb-doped fiber, pulses at 1052 nm are obtained at repetition rates from 1 to 200 kHz. At 75 kHz, 0.5 μJ pulses with peak powers of 3 W can be produced when 180 mW of pump power is applied. To the knowledge of the authors, this is the first all-fiber actively Q-switched Yb-doped laser presented to date.     

Modulation of the Casimir force by laser pulses: Influence of oxide films on the silicon surface

The possibility of modulating the Casimir force that acts in an air medium between a gold sphere and a silicon plate irradiated by laser pulses has been studied. It has been demonstrated that the oxide film that is formed on the silicon surface in air hardly affects the possibility of modulating the Casimir force when the distances between interacting bodies are of the order of 100 nm. With an increase in the distance, the modulation depth decreases; however, this region is of less practical interest, because the Casimir forces become too weak.     

CO2 laser beam modulating for surface texturing machining

Laser texturing is a novel technique that may be used to texture a cold roller in the process of manufacturing high quality steel sheets. With the aim of improving the quality of the textured roller by using a CO₂ laser, a new laser beam modulating device is proposed. An optical beam expander with a fast rotating chopper system is designed. The laser pulse is split into two parts by the chopper blades; one is the preheating pulse that is reflected onto optical loop mirrors; the other is the directly transmitted pulse that creates the craters at the preheated spots. The preheating beam focus spot size and position can be adjusted. The focusing characteristics and optical parameter compensation for the flying optics are investigated. The heat transfer and melt process of laser texturing are numerically simulated. The effects of the double pulses on the texturing are analyzed. The effect of preheating the sample ahead of the laser texturing pulse is examined. The surface profile and bump hardness show improvements by using this approach.     

Talbot effect of a high-density grating under femtosecond laser illumination

The Talbot effect of a high-density grating under femtosecond laser illumination is analyzed with rigorous electromagnetic theory which is based on the Fourier decomposition and the rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA). Numerical simulations show that the contrast of the Talbot images steadily decreases as the transmitted femtosecond laser pulses propagate forward and with wider spectrum width of the femtosecond laser pulses. The Talbot images of high-density gratings have much higher sensitivity of the spectrum widths of the incident laser pulses than those of the traditional low-density gratings. In experiments, the spectrums and the pulse widths of the incident pulses are measured with a frequency-resolved optical grating (FROG) apparatus. The Talbot images are detected by using a Talbot scanning near-field optical microscopy (Talbot-SNOM) technique, which are in coincidence with the numerical simulations. This effect should be useful for developing new femtosecond laser techniques and devices.     

Simple method for the complete characterization of an optical pulse

A novel and simple method to measure the amplitude and the phase of optical pulses is presented. The technique basically involves modulating the optical pulse train in a particular manner and then directly examining the resultant optical spectrum. This experimental measurement technique, which is extremely accurate and sensitive and can be implemented with an all-fiber setup, permits direct measurement of the phase of the optical signal in the frequency domain. Experimental results demonstrate the use of this measurement technique for characterizing optical pulses at 10 GHz from a gain-switched laser diode.     

Determination of the material properties of microstructures by laser based ultrasound

In most applications of MEMS the mechanical properties of the used materials are key parameters for the perfect working of the microsystems. Measuring bulk acoustic waves excited in MEMS structures with ultra-short laser pulses is a powerful method for the accurate and non-destructive evaluation as well as for the characterization of material properties. The pump-probe laser-based acoustic method generates bulk acoustic waves in a thermo-elastic way by absorbing the pump laser pulses. The acoustic waves are partly reflected at any discontinuity of the acoustic impedance. At the surface of the specimen the reflected acoustic pulses cause changes of the optical reflection coefficient, which are measured with the probe laser pulses. Thin membranes are part of numerous microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) like sensors, activators and bulk acoustic wave (BAW) filters for example. The described non-destructive and non-contact method is the right approach for testing such thin and brittle structures like membranes. Results of measurements on freestanding aluminium-silicon nitride multi-layer membranes with total thicknesses in the order of several hundred nanometers are presented and compared with thermo-elastic models and with measurements of the supported case. The measured results are used for the determination of the moduli of the membranes.