“Spatial nodes” in discrete location problems

Discrete location models often assume an underlying network where demands originate at point nodes. To apply these models to planar regions with continuously distributed demand, the region is usually partitioned into zones and the demand from each zone is assumed to originate at a point, usually the zone centroid. Thus, the point node in the underlying network represents a spatial zone with a finite area. This paper examines the effect of approximating these spatial nodes by point nodes. In some problem scenarios, the approximation does not affect the solution. However, especially when the locational criterion includes the consideration of intra-zonal travel cost variances (e.g. travel time variance) and demands may originate anywhere within zones of nonzero area, point nodes do not give an accurate evaluation of the performance of a locational design. To illustrate the application of the concept of spatial nodes, a model is formulated for locatingp (fire-fighting) units in a region having continuously distributed demand with the objective of minimizing a nonlinear function of arrival times of the first and second closest units to any (fire) incident. A heuristic site-substitution procedure is presented that solves the formulated model.     

On the solution of a generalized Schrödinger-type equation

Lu(t)+(u,F)g(t)=f(t), tS. , ( F, g). .

---

---

The authors wish to thank Professor Yu. A. Rozanov for his help and discussions.     

Invariance Principles for Paced Record Times and Applications

Let {Y_n:n0} be a sequence of independent and identically distributed random variables with continuous distribution function, and let {N(t):t0} be a point process. In this paper, making use of strong invariance principles, we establish limit laws for the paced record process {X(t):t0} based on {Y_n:n0} and {N(t):t0}. We consider as applications of our main results, the case of the classical and paced record models. We conclude by extensions of our theorems to non-homogeneous record processes.     

Generic properties of the complementarity problem

Givenf: R ₊ ⁿ R ⁿ , the complementarity problem is to find a solution tox 0,f(x) 0, and x, f(x) = 0. Under the condition thatf is continuously differentiable, we prove that for a generic set of such anf, the problem has a discrete solution set. Also, under a set of generic nondegeneracy conditions and a condition that implies existence, we prove that the problem has an odd number of solutions.This work was partially supported by N.S.F. Grants GP-8007 and 010185.     

Properties of Solutions to Second Order Evolution Control Systems. II

We continue the research of the first part of the article. We mainly study codensity for the set of admissible trajectory-control pairs of a system with nonconvex constraints in the set of admissible trajectory-control pairs of the system with convexified constraints. We state necessary and sufficient conditions for the set of admissible trajectory-control pairs of a system with nonconvex constraints to be closed in the corresponding function spaces. Using an example of a control hyperbolic system, we give an interpretation of the abstract results obtained. As application we consider the minimization problem for an integral functional on solutions of a control system.     

Minisum Location with Closest Euclidean Distances

This paper considers the problem of locating a facility not among demand points, as is usually the case, but among demand regions which could be market areas. The objective is to find the location that minimizes the sum of weighted Euclidean distances to the closest points of the demand regions. It is assumed that internal distribution within the areas is someone else's concern. A number of properties of the problem are derived and algorithms for solving the problem are suggested.     

Small Ball Probabilities Around Random Centers of Gaussian Measures and Applications to Quantization

Let be a centered Gaussian measure on a separable Hilbert space (E, ). We are concerned with the logarithmic small ball probabilities around a -distributed center X. It turns out that the asymptotic behavior of –log (B(X,)) is a.s. equivalent to that of a deterministic function _R (). These new insights will be used to derive the precise asymptotics of a random quantization problem which was introduced in a former article by Dereich, Fehringer, Matoussi, and Scheutzow.⁽⁸⁾     

A branch and bound algorithm for bound constrained optimization problems without derivatives

In this paper, we give a new branch and bound algorithm for the global optimization problem with bound constraints. The algorithm is based on the use of inclusion functions. The bounds calculated for the global minimum value are proved to be correct, all rounding errors are rigorously estimated. Our scheme attempts to exclude most uninteresting parts of the search domain and concentrates on its promising subsets. This is done as fast as possible (by involving local descent methods), and uses little information as possible (no derivatives are required). Numerical results for many well-known problems as well as some comparisons with other methods are given.     

Distribution of the supremum of sums of independent variables with negative drift

Let {_n} be a sequence of identically distributed independent random variables,M₁=<0,M ₁ ² <;S ₀=0,S _n =₁+₂,+...+ _{n, n}1;¯ S=sup {S _n n=0.} The asymptotic behavior ofP(¯ St) as t is studied. If _t ^P (₁x dx=0((t)), thenP(¯ St)– 1/¦¦ _t P (₁x dx=0((t)) (t) is a positive function, having regular behavior at infinity.Translated from Matematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 22, No. 5, pp. 763–770, November, 1977.The author thanks B. A. Rogozin for the formulation of the problem and valuable remarks.     

On the Mechanism for Nonlinear Representations of the Lorentz Group Arising in Quantum Field Theory

A mechanism is identified that leads to the correct law for the relativistic Wigner function transformation with respect to the Lorentz group as long as the corresponding relativistic wave functions have special transformation properties.     

Majorization of Gaussian processes and geometric applications

Summary Let (x _i ^* ) _i=1 ⁿ denote the decreasing rearrangement of a sequence of real numbers (x _i ) _i=1 ⁿ . Then for everyij, and every 1kn, the 2-nd order partial distributional derivatives satisfy the inequality, . As a consequence we generalize the theorem due to Fernique and Sudakov. A generalization of Slepian's lemma is also a consequence of another differential inequality. We also derive a new proof and generalizations to volume estimates of intersecting spheres and balls in ⁿ proved by Gromov.Supported by NSF grant # DMS 8909745, and the USA-Israel Binational Science Foundation grant # 86-00074, and grant for the Promotion of Research at the Technion     

Stellare Abänderungen und Schälbarkeit von Komplexen und Polytopen

Brugesser and Mani proved that the boundary-complex of a convex polytope can be shelled. This result lead to McMullen's proof of the Upper-bound-conjecture. We show that the shellability of complexes has a close connection to the theory of stellar operations. Several results on special shelling procedures and on non-shellable complexes are obtained.     

Linear cyclic codes of wordlength v over GF(q s ) which are also linear cyclic codes of wordlength sv over GF(q)

Any nonsingular linear transformation : GF(q^s) GF(q^s) can be used to treat a linear cyclic code of wordlength v over GF(q^s) as a linear code () of Wordlength sv over GF(q). This paper determines those linear cyclic codes and transformations for which the resulting linear code () is also cyclic.     

A characterization of nonlinear φ-accretive operators

Let E be a Banach space and E(–,] a proper lower semi-continuous convex function. The main purpose of this paper is to characterize those m-accretive operators AE x E that are also -accretive. This is done by using the semigroup S generated by -A, and by first establishing a necessary and sufficient condition for to be a Lyapunov function for S. We also obtain similar results for accretive operators that are not necessarily m-accretive, and deduce invariance and order-preserving criteria for nonlinear semigroups.This research was partially supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant MCS-8102086.     

A Higher Level Bailey Lemma: Proof and Application

In a recent letter, new representations were proposed for the pair of sequences (,), as defined formally by Bailey in his famous lemma. Here we extend and prove this result, providing pairs (,) labelled by the Lie algebra AN – 1, two nonnegative integers and k and a partition , whose parts do not exceed N – 1. Our results give rise to what we call a higher level Bailey lemma. As an application it is shown how this lemma can be applied to yield general q-series identities, which generalize some well-known results of Andrews and Bressoud.     

Positive Solutions for a Singular Nonlinear Problem on a Bounded Domain in R 2

For a bounded regular Jordan domain in R ², we introduce and study a new class of functions K() related on its Green function G. We exploit the properties of this class to prove the existence and the uniqueness of a positive solution for the singular nonlinear elliptic equation u+(x,u)=0, in D(), with u=0 on and uC(), where is a nonnegative Borel measurable function in ×(0,) that belongs to a convex cone which contains, in particular, all functions (x,t)=q(x)t ^–,>0 with nonnegative functions qK(). Some estimates on the solution are also given.     

Nonnegative Hall Polynomials

The number of subgroups of type and cotype in a finite abelian p-group of type is a polynomialg with integral coefficients. We prove g has nonnegative coefficients for all partitions and if and only if no two parts of differ by more than one. Necessity follows from a few simple facts about Hall-Littlewood symmetric functions; sufficiency relies on properties of certain order-preserving surjections that associate to each subgroup a vector dominated componentwise by . The nonzero components of (H) are the parts of , the type of H; if no two parts of differ by more than one, the nonzero components of – (H) are the parts of , the cotype of H. In fact, we provide an order-theoretic characterization of those isomorphism types of finite abelian p-groups all of whose Hall polynomials have nonnegative coefficients.     

Robust Estimation of Tail Parameters for Two-Parameter Pareto and Exponential Models via Generalized Quantile Statistics

Robust estimation of tail index parameters is treated for (equivalent) two-parameter Pareto and exponential models. These distributions arise as parametric models in actuarial science, economics, telecommunications, and reliability, for example, as well as in semiparametric modeling of upper observations in samples from distributions which are regularly varying or in the domain of attraction of extreme value distributions. New estimators of generalized quantile type are introduced and compared with several well-established estimators, for the purpose of identifying which estimators provide favorable trade-offs between efficiency and robustness. Specifically, we examine asymptotic relative efficiency with respect to the (efficient but nonrobust) maximum likelihood estimator, and breakdown point. The new estimators, in particular the generalized median types, are found to dominate well-established and popular estimators corresponding to methods of trimming, least squares, and quantiles. Further, we establish that the least squares estimator is actually deficient with respect to both criteria and should become disfavored. The generalized median estimators manifest a general principle: smoothing followed by medianing produces a favorable trade-off between efficiency and robustness.     

Time-Space Harmonic Polynomials for Continuous-Time Processes and an Extension

A time-space harmonic polynomial for a stochastic process M=(M _t) is a polynomial P in two variables such that P(t, M _t) is a martingale. In this paper, we investigate conditions for the existence of such polynomials of each degree in the second, space, argument. We also describe various properties a sequence of time-space harmonic polynomials may possess and the interaction of these properties with distributional properties of the underlying process. Thus, continuous-time conterparts to the results of Goswami and Sengupta,⁽²⁾ where the analoguous problem in discrete time was considered, are derived. A few additional properties are also considered. The resulting properties of the process include independent increments, stationary independent increments and semi-stability. Finally, a generalization to a measure proposed by Hochberg⁽³⁾ on path space is obtained.     

Modified critical behavior in the ϕ4(O n ) model

In the standard ⁴(O _n ) model, a critical regime in which the coupling constantg of the ⁴ decreases as a certain given power as T-T _c0 is considered. From the point of view of physics, such a formulation of the problem corresponds to a certain class of trajectories of approach to the triple point in the two-dimensional plane of the physical parameters of the system. It is shown that in such a modified critical regime all the critical dimensions can be expressed in terms of the specified value of the exponent and the ordinary critical dimensions of the ⁴ model known in the form of 4- expansions.Leningrad State University. Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Matematicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 91, No. 1, pp. 168–172, April, 1992.