超子耦合常数对混合星性质的影响

用相对论平均场理论描述强子物质, 用NJL模型描述夸克物质研究了超子耦合常数对混合星性质的影响. 结果表明, 随着超子耦合常数的增大, 强子-夸克相变密度变小, 混合相区域的状态方程变硬, 中子星的最大质量及对应的半径变大. 超子耦合常数由0.73增到1.0时, 混合星最大质量由1.68M_⊙增至1.84M_⊙, 相应的半径由11.4km变到12.5km. 该夸克模型下不同强子参数组对应的混合星性质也有较明显的差异. 可知, 其适合于描述大质量而小夸克核心的混合星.     

f0(975)和φ(1020)介子对中子星物质的影响

利用相对论平均场理论,考虑了σ*,φ介子及重子八重态{N,P,A,∑-,∑0,∑ ,(I)-,(I)0},研究了中子星的性质.发现当考虑了σ*,φ介子的贡献时,超子出现的临界重子数密度降低了,超子数目增加了,超子星的转变密度ρ0H降低了,物态方程变软,最大质量变小而相应的中子星半径增大,中子星的中心重子数密度、中心能量密度和中心压强均降低.     

σ和φ介子对有限温度中子星物质的影响

考虑到σ*,φ介子的贡献及重子八重态{n,p,Λ,Σ^－,Σ⁰,Σ⁺,Ξ^－,Ξ⁰}, 采用相对论平均场方法,在5—25MeV的有限温度范围内, 对中子星物质的性质进行了研究. 发现当考虑到σ*,φ介子的贡献后, 超子出现的临界密度降低了(但对Λ超子, 影响并不显著), 超子的粒子数密度增加了, 在能量密度较高时物态方程变软, 中子星的最大质量变小而相应的半径增大, 中子星的中心粒子数密度、中心能量密度和中心压强都降低了. 当温度为较低的T=5MeV, 10MeV时, σ*,φ介子的参与使出现Σ⁰,Ξ⁰,Σ⁺超子的临界密度极大地降低了; 但当温度为较高的T=15MeV, 20MeV, 25MeV时, 影响则较小. 对于Λ,Σ^－,Ξ^－超子来说, 在上述所有温度下, σ*,φ介子对超子出现的临界密度的影响都不明显.     

σ^＊和Ф介子对有限温度中子星物质的影响

考虑到矿，中介子的贡献及重子八重态{n，p，∧，∑^-，∑^0，∑^＋，≡^-，≡^0}，采用相对论平均场方法，在5—25MeV的有限温度范围内，对中子星物质的性质进行了研究．发现当考虑到σ^＊，Ф介子的贡献后，超子出现的临界密度降低了（但对∧超子，影响并不显著），超子的粒子数密度增加了，在能量密度较高时物态方程变软，中子星的最大质量变小而相应的半径增大，中子星的中心粒子数密度、中心能量密度和中心压强都降低了．当温度为较低的T=5MeV，10MeV时，σ^＊，Ф介子的参与使出现∑^0，≡^0，∑^＋超子的临界密度极大地降低了；但当温度为较高的T=15MeV，20MeV，25MeV时，影响则较小．对于∧，∑^-，≡^-超子来说，在上述所有温度下，矿，中介子对超子出现的临界密度的影响都不明显．     

相对论平均场研究超子星

随着引力波探测以及对中子星质量与半径的高精度测量,中子星作为超新星爆发的剩余产物正吸引着相关领域的高度关注。在中子星的内核部分,诸如超子之类的奇异自由度有可能会出现从而形成超子星。本工作在相对论平均场模型框架下研究由核子与轻子构成的中子星以及包含超子的超子星。采用目前常用的非线性相对论平均场以及密度依赖的相对论平均场参数研究了超子对超子星质量、半径、潮汐形变等性质的影响。最后讨论了介子与超子的耦合常数对超子星性质的影响,发现当矢量介子与超子耦合系数较强时,利用现有的相对论平均场模型参数可以获得大质量的超子星。     

质子中子星物质的热力学性质

在相对论σ-ω-ρ模型的平均场近似下, 研究了质子中子星物质在均熵状态下的组成、温度和物态方程. 如给定每一个重子的熵, 一些热力学量的值将随重子密度的增加而增加, 当考虑超子时, 这些值会减小. 给定重子密度, 中子在S=2时的组分比S=1时的小, 而质子、电子、μ子在S=2时的组分比S=1时的大, 特别是在低密度区域. S是每个重子的熵. 保持重子密度不变, 在低密度区域, 超子在S=2时的组分比S=1时的大, 在高密度区域则相反. 同样, 在同一重子密度处, S=2时的温度、能量密度及压强分别比S=1时的大. 另外, 有限熵对粒子组分和温度的影响比对质子中子星物质的物态方程的影响大. 还研究了反粒子的贡献, 他们确实很小.     

f0（975）和Ф（1020）介子对中子星物质的影响

利用相对论平均场理论，考虑了σ＊，Ф介子及重子八重态{N，P，A，∑^-，∑0,∑＋，Ξ^-，Ξ^0}，研究了中子星的性质．发现当考虑了σ＊，Ф介子的贡献时，超子出现的临界重子数密度降低了，超子数目增加了，超子星的转变密度poH降低了，物态方程变软，最大质量变小而相应的中子星半径增大，中子星的中心重子数密度、中心能量密度和中心压强均降低．     

利用含δ介子的相对论平均场理论研究中子星潮汐形变性质

开展中子星宏观性质的研究,对于揭示中子星内部组成和结构具有重要意义.本文基于相对论平均场理论模型,研究了δ介子对传统中子星和超子星物态方程、最大质量、勒夫数和潮汐形变能力的影响.结果表明,对于中小质量传统中子星(或超子星), δ介子使其潮汐形变能力变强;随着传统中子星(或超子星)质量的增加, δ介子对其潮汐形变能力影响逐渐减弱;尤其对于大质量超子星,含有δ介子的超子星潮汐形变能力相比不含δ介子的超子星变弱.此外,在相同质量下超子的存在会降低星体的潮汐形变能力,在本文所选的参数下,含有δ介子的星体中,仅同时含L,Σ和Ξ超子的超子星潮汐形变能力能同时满足GW170817和GW190814天文观测约束.随着与中子星相关的引力波数据逐渐增加,将为人们判断超子星内超子种类提供一个可能的途径.     

前中子星内的K-凝聚和超子的生成

用相对论平均场下的手征强子模型研究了前中子星内K^-凝聚和超子的生成。结果显示，前中子星内的中微子束缚使得出现K^-凝聚的临界密度推迟到更高的重子密度，而K^-0凝聚无法出现。同时中微子束缚使得前中子星的状态方程变硬，从而前中子星的最大质量变大。如果考虑超子，前中子星内无法出现K^-凝聚，同时系统的状态方程变软（与不含超子的情况相比），从而对应前中子星的最大质量变小。A chiral hadronic model is extended to investigate antikaon condensation and hyperons production of protoneutron stars. Our results show that neutrino trapping makes the critical density of K^- condensation delay to higher density and K^-0 condensation not occur. Meanwhile, the equation of state （EOS） of （proto）neutron star matter considering neutrino trapping is stiffer than the case without neutrino trapping. Therefore the maximum masses of rotoneutron stars with neutrino trapping are larger than those without neutrino trapping. If hyperons are considered, antikaon condensation does not appear in （proto） neutron stars. Meanwhile, the corresponding EOS becomes much softer, and the maximum masses of （proto）neutron stars are smaller than those without hyprons.     

利用非对称核物质状态方程对中子星的质量和半径的研究

在温度、密度及同位旋相关的核物质状态方程的基础上,通过求解Tol-man-Oppenheimer?Volkoff方程得到了中子星的质量与中心密度的关系,发现随着中心密度的变化,中子星存在一个最大质量.同时计算结果表明,中子星的最大质量与核物质状态方程的不可压缩系数、有效质量及对称能强度系数等密切相关.对中子星半径的研究表明,较硬的核物质状态方程给出的中子星半径较大,而且较大的对称能强度系数和较大的核子有效质量也会给出较大的中子星半径.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Research on beamforming method for dual-line array with space mismatch between the two line arrays

The performance of port/starboard discrimination of dual-line array will be seriously degraded when the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. The directivity function of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is deduced and the port/starboard discrimination of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is also studied both under the ideal status and the status under which the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. Analysis results show the delay-subtract beamforming has better performance of port/starboard discrimination. At last, the sea trial results demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Retrieval of ultraviolet skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities from balloon-borne limb spectrometer

With a novel light-weight and absolutely calibrated ultraviolet （UV） spectrometer, UV skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities are measured by balloon-borne limb measurements in Xinjiang area, China. UV skylight radiances measured at the height of 31 km are compared with the results from Modtran in the wavelength range from 290 to 420 nm. O3 slant column densities are derived from radiance spectra in the Huggins bands （320 - 335 nm） using differential optical absorption spectroscopy method. And the parameter exhibits a good correlation with the same value simulated by radiative transfer model （Tracy）. The O3 profile simultaneously measured by an O3 sonde is used as input in Tracy calculations. The O3 sonde is launched on the same balloon.     

Design optimization of highly sensitive LSPR enhanced surface plasmon resonance biosensors with nanoholes

For breaking through the sensitivity limitation of conventional surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors, novel highly sensitive SPR biosensors with Au nanoparticles and nanogratings enhancement have been proposed recently.But in practice, these structures have obvious disadvantages.In this study, a nanohole based sensitivity enhancement SPR biosensor is proposed and the influence of different structural parameters on the performance is investigated by using rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA).Electromagnetic field distributions around the nanohole are also given out to directly explain the performance difference for various structural parameters.The results indicate that significant sensitivity increase is associated with localized surface plasmons (LSPs) excitation mediated by nanoholes.Except to outcome the weakness of other LSP based biosensors, larger resonance angle shift, reflectance amplitude, and sharper SPR curves' width are obtained simultaneously under optimized structural parameters.     

Polymer gratings based on photopolymerization for low-order distributed feedback polymer lasers

Novel polymer distributed feedback(DFB)gratings are fabricated based on photopolymerization to reduce lasing threshold of polymer lasers.A photopolymer formulation sensitive to 355-nm ultraviolet(UV)light is proposed for the fabrication of polymer gratings and it can be used to form polymer films by spin-coating process.A very low surface-relief depth ranging from 12.5 to about 1.0 nm has been demonstrated with a refractive-index modulation of about 0.012.The experimental results indicate that such polymer gratings have promising potentials for the fabrication of low-order DFB organic semiconductor lasers.