化学发光免疫分析法检测血清中前列腺特异抗原复合物

采用杂交瘤技术构建抗前列腺特异抗原-α1-抗胰凝乳蛋白酶( Prostate specific antigen-α1-antichymot-rypsin complex,PSA-ACT)单克隆抗体(单抗)细胞株,共获得8株稳定分泌PSA-ACT单抗的细胞株,纯化后进行免疫特性鉴定并做单抗配对。选择其中一对单抗,采用辣根过氧化物酶( HRP)催化鲁米诺( lumino)-H2 O2化学发光体系,建立了测定人血清中PSA-ACT浓度的化学发光酶免疫分析方法( CLEIA)。对包被缓冲液、包被抗体浓度、酶标抗体稀释度、温育时间、发光反应时间和免疫反应步骤等实验参数进行了优化。在最佳实验条件下, PSA-ACT浓度在5~40 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好(R2=0.9943),检出限为0.53 ng/mL,批内相对标准偏差(RSD)为4.6%~6.6%,批间RSD为5.7%~8.0%,回收率为95.4%~104.2%,与游离前列腺特异性抗原F-PSA的交叉反应率为0.6%。本方法简单、稳定、灵敏、快速,为开发检测PSA-ACT的CLEIA试剂盒奠定了基础。     

磁性微粒子化学发光免疫分析法测定人血清中雌三醇

利用化学发光免疫分析(chemiluminescence immunoassay, CLIA)高灵敏度和高特异性的特点, 将磁性微粒子应用于化学发光免疫分析中, 用两种不同的方法对人体血清内的雌三醇(E3)含量进行了测定. 磁性微粒子分别作为固相一抗包被材料和二抗分离剂参与反应. 两种方法检测雌三醇浓度的线形范围均为0.6～60 ng/mL. 其中, 固相一抗法的批内变异及批间变异系数分别小于11%和15%, 回收率为90%～116%, 健全性系数为0.9987. 二抗分离法的批内变异及批间变异系数分别小于8%和10%, 回收率为88%～118%, 健全性系数为0.9974. 两种方法分别与经典板式化学发光法对比, 检测人血清样本, 结果相关性较好, 且磁性微粒子法更为省时、简便, 适于推广应用.     

直接竞争酶联免疫吸附分析法测定氰戊菊酯

采用活性酯法,将氰戊菊酯半抗原N-[2-(4-氯苯基)-3-甲基丁酰基]-4-氨基丁酸与载体蛋白共价偶联合成突出氰戊菊酯分子结构特征的人工抗原和包被原.以人工抗原免疫新西兰白兔制备抗血清,采用(NH4)2SO4分步盐析和DEAE纤维素柱层析法从抗血清中分离纯化对氰戊菊酯具特异性亲和力的抗体,采用活性酯法,以辣根过氧化物酶标记半抗原N-[2-(4-氯苯基)-3-甲基丁酰基]-6-氨基己酸.采用固定抗体、氰戊菊酯和酶标半抗原直接竞争结合固相抗体的模式, 建立对氰戊菊酯具高特异性的酶联免疫吸附分析方法.在优化条件下, 测定氰戊菊酯标样检测的线性浓度范围为0.001～10.0 mg/L; 检出限0.001 mg/L; 相对标准偏差(RSD, n=5)为9.19%.小白菜中分别添加0.10和5.0 mg/kg氰戊菊酯,直接竞争酶联免疫吸附分析法(ELISA)测定,重复6次,回收率分别为83.8%～109%和93.6%～110%; RSD分别为11.7%和7.25%.对实际样品的有效检出限为0.007 mg/L.其它常用拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂(氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊脂、功夫菊酯、醚菊酯、联苯菊酯)不干扰氰戊菊酯的测定.     

管式磁性微粒子化学发光免疫分析法测定人尿液中的雌三醇

待测尿液中的雌三醇、辣根过氧化物酶标记的雌三醇与异硫氰酸荧光素(FITC)标记的兔抗雌三醇抗体在均相体系中发生竞争性免疫反应,再加入用羊抗FITC抗体包被的磁微粒,反应生成物结合在磁微粒上,在磁场中经分离、洗涤后加发光底物,检测发光强度(RLU),测定尿液中雌三醇的含量。通过对检测条件的优化,建立了磁性微粒子化学发光免疫分析法测定人尿液中雌三醇的方法,并对正常男性、女性和孕妇的尿液中雌三醇含量进行了测定。结果表明,本方法的线性范围为1～100μg/L,检出限为0.25μg/L,具有很高的灵敏度;批内相对标准偏差<14%;批间相对标准偏差<7%,具有良好的稳定性和重现性。     

生物素-亲和素放大酶联免疫吸附法测定氯胺酮

建立了检测氯胺酮的生物素-亲和素放大酶联免疫吸附测定法(BA-ELISA)。实验最佳测定条件:抗原包被浓度为2.0mg/L、氯胺酮单克隆抗体浓度为10.2mg/L,生物素化羊抗小鼠IgG(Biotin-IgG)和酶标链霉亲和素(SA-HRP)的最佳反应浓度分别为0.29和1.0mg/L。在此优化条件下,方法的线性范围为0.1～1000μg/L;检出限为0.03μg/L。氯胺酮生物样品的加标回收率为94%～102%。与酶标二抗体系ELISA法相比,BA-ELISA具有更高的灵敏度,适于低浓度氯胺酮的检测。     

细交链格孢菌酮酸间接竞争酶联免疫检测方法及配套试剂盒的研制

建立了间接竞争酶联免疫吸附法检测食品中细交链格孢酮酸(Tenuazonic Acid,TA)残留,并研制快速检测试剂盒。采用肟化法对TA进行衍生化,活泼酯法偶联半抗原和载体蛋白得到人工抗原TAO-BSA和TAO-KLH,以TAO-KLH作为免疫原免疫雌性Balb/c小鼠制备特异性抗体。对包被浓度、包被时间、封闭液类型、抗体工作浓度、二抗稀释度、底物显色时间等参数进行研究,建立了TA残留间接竞争酶联免疫检测方法并进行了配套试剂盒的研制。该试剂盒半抑制浓度Ic_(50)为1.48ng/mL,检测线性范围为0.06~35.95ng/mL(R~2=0.9941);检测限为0.02ng/mL;加标样品平均回收率大于88.50%;试剂盒的批间和批内平均变异系数分别为2.84%和9.49%,与食品中常见真菌毒素交叉反应率均小于1%。     

人血清中cTnI的化学发光酶免疫分析研究——实验条件的优化

采用高效化学发光试剂3-(2'-螺旋金刚烷)-4-甲氧基-4-(3"-羟基)苯-1,2-二氧杂环丁烷磷酸(AMPPD)作为检测底物, 并将传统的ELISA两步双抗夹心法改为一步法, 得到了高灵敏测定人血清中心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)的化学发光酶免疫分析优化条件. 采用单因素变化法和方阵滴定法得到的最佳实验条件为: 捕获抗体包被浓度为10.0 μg/mL, 以pH=7.0的PBS作为免疫反应缓冲底液, 以含质量分数为1.0%的BSA pH=9.6的碳酸盐溶液缓冲液, 于4 ℃封闭过夜, 生物素-检测抗体(Biotin-IgG2)以及碱性磷酸酶-亲和素(ALP-Avidin)结合物均采用1:2000稀释度, 免疫反应条件为37 ℃, 孵育时间60 min, 以去离子水作为洗涤剂, 以1:100稀释的AMPPD作为发光反应底物, 发光反应时间10 min(37 ℃). 检出限为0.02 ng/mL, 比现行ELISA法灵敏度提高一个数量级; 测定周期约75 min, 比两步法ELISA快得多; 线性范围(0.04~36.20 ng/mL)比ELISA法扩宽了两个数量级; 加标回收率97.5%~102.8%, 对标准样品的测定结果与用ELISA法的测定结果吻合; 重复性好, 3个样品批内变异系数均小于8.5%(n=12).     

虾肉中呋喃它酮代谢物化学发光酶免疫分析方法的建立

采用对碘苯酚增强的HRP-鲁米诺-H2O2化学发光体系,建立了虾肉中呋喃它酮代谢物5-吗啉甲基-3-氨基-2-恶唑烷基酮(AMOZ)残留的间接竞争化学发光酶免疫分析(icCLEIA)检测方法。检测所用抗体是基因重组的抗AMOZ衍生物单链抗体。优化的icCLEIA最佳工作条件为:AMOZA-OVA包被浓度62.5μg/L,抗AMOZ衍生物单链抗体最佳稀释度为1∶10,竞争免疫反应时间45 min,HRP酶标记羊抗鼠抗体最佳稀释度为1∶10000,孵育时间50 min。本方法的IC50为1.38μg/L;灵敏度为0.09μg/L;线性范围为0.26～9.08μg/L(IC20～IC80);批内和批间相对标准偏差均小于15%;抗AMOZ衍生物单链抗体与其它硝基呋喃类抗生素及其代谢物均没有交叉反应,特异性良好。4个不同添加量的AMOZ加标样品的平均回收率分别为72.2%,73.4%,72.6%和78.6%。与HPLC-MS/MS法测定值进行比较发现,两种方法相关性良好(R2=0.9997)。本方法可用于水产品中AMOZ残留的快速检测。     

ELISA法和化学发光法对血清中HIV-1HIV-2抗体、梅毒抗体和丙肝抗体的检测意义

目的探讨分析ELLSA法(酶联免疫吸附法)和化学发光法对血清中HIV-1/HIV-2抗体、梅毒抗体和丙抗体的临床检测意义。方法将382份脐血作为研究分析对象,分别采用酶联免疫吸附和化学发光法对所选标本进行检测,包含丙肝抗体、梅毒抗体、HIV-1/HIV-2抗体检测。结果采用ELLSA检测后HIV-1/HIV-2抗体、梅毒抗体、丙肝抗体阳性率分别为0.52%、0.79%、1.05%。采用化学发光法检测HIV-1/HIV-2抗体、梅毒抗体、丙肝抗体3种检测的阳性率分别为0.79%、1.05%、1.31%。标准抗体品梯度稀释后再进行检测,将此3种抗体稀释程度为10 pg/m L,三组抗体采用化学发光法进行检测,其结果均为阳性,采用酶联免疫吸附方式进行检测的只有梅毒抗体呈阳性,其余两项均为阴性。结论化学发光法作为临床进行血清中HIV-1/HIV-2抗体、梅毒抗体、丙肝抗体检测的首选方案,此检测方式具有更高的灵敏性。     

异源间接竞争酶联免疫法测定大米及土壤中甲萘威的残留

以6-(1-萘氧基甲酰胺基)己酸(CNH)偶联牛血清白蛋白(BSA)作为免疫原(CNH-BSA)制备高特异性抗体,分别以CNH、4-(1-萘氧基甲酰胺基)丁酸(CNB)、3-(1-萘氧基甲酰胺基)丙酸(CNA)偶联卵清蛋白(OVA)得到包被抗原(CNH-OVA,CNB-OVA,CNA-OVA),以上述抗体及包被原作为核心材料,研究了同源包被与异源包被模式及ELISA各影响因素对检测灵敏度的影响,建立了甲萘威异源间接竞争酶联免疫法,并考察了此方法对测定大米及土壤中甲萘威残留的适用性。结果表明:以CNA-OVA异源包被的间接竞争ELISA法具有较高的灵敏度,IC50为(10.51±0.11)μg·L-1,该方法的检测范围为2.07~47.30μg·L-1(以IC20~IC80为标准)。以0.5,1.0,2.0,4.0 mg·kg-1作为加标浓度,甲萘威在大米中的加标回收率为92.3%~111.6%,土壤中的加标回收率为85.3%~103.2%,相对标准偏差均在10%以内。与HPLC法的比对验证结果表明,ELISA和HPLC两种方法的分析结果无显著性差异(P0.05)。     

铜（III）配合物-罗丹明6G体系流动注射化学发光法测定头孢米诺钠

在酸性条件下,头孢米诺钠对铜（III）配合物-硫酸-罗丹明6G化学发光体系有强烈的增敏作用,据此建立了流动注射化学发光法定量分析头孢米诺钠方法。头孢米诺钠浓度在2．0×10^-7-6．0×10^-6g／mL范围内与化学发光强度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数r=0．99969,检出限为1．4×10^-7g／mL。对2．0×10^-7g／mL头孢米诺钠水溶液进行11次平行分析,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1．69％。利用该方法对鸡血样品和头孢米诺钠针剂中头孢米诺钠的含量进行测定,加标回收率为90．2％～102．1％。     

Chemluminescence immunoassay for estriol in saliva

Estriol is determined in whole saliva of pregnant women by a direct solid-phase chemiluminescence immunoassay. The assay uses a monclonal antibody raised against estriol-6-crboxymethyloxime/bovine serum albumin and the homologous chemiluminescent marker conjugate estriol- 6-carboxymethyloxime/aminopentylethylsiolominol (E3/APEI). The anti-estriol antibody is bound to the wells of a microtitration plate via a second antibody directed against the monoclonal antibody; 50 μl of saliva and 12.5 pg of E3/APEI per well are used. The incubation time is 10 min at room temperature. The calibration graph covers 5–750 pg of estriol and the detection limit is 4.5 pg (0.31 nmol l^-1. Mean recovery of added estriol is 98%. Within-assay coefficient of variation is 11.8–5% for 0.21–6.5 nmol l^-1 E3, and the between-assay value is 15.7–6.9% for 0.27-3.5 nmol l^-1 E3. The correlation of E3 concentration in time-matched samples of saliva and sera from pregnant women was good (r = 0.934). Total assay time including calculation of results is 3 h for 40 saliva samples.     

Determination of catecholamines by ion chromatography coupled to acidic potassium permanganate chemiluminescence detection

A simple,fast,sensitive,highly selective and eco-friendly analytical method for the determination of catecholamines in human urine by ion chromatography（IC） with chemiluminescence（CL） detection was described in this paper.Using 12 mmol/L H₂SO₄ without any organic additive as eluent,three catecholamines including epinephrine（EP）,norepinephrine（NE） and dopamine（DA） were well separated on a cation-exchange column.The CL detection was based on the reaction of analytes with acidic potassium permanganate in the presence of formaldehyde as an enhancer.The absence of methanol and acetonitrile in eluent made the proposed method more sensitive and eco-friendly.Under the optimal conditions,the linear range of the proposed method was in the range of 0.02-0.5μg/mL.The limit of detection（LOD） was in the range of 0.6 and 5.1μg/L.The relative standard deviations （RSD） for 0.1μg/mL mixed standard solution were in the range of 0.8-1.9%（n = 11）.The method has been applied to the determination of catecholamines in human urine successfully.Excellent spiked recoveries were achieved for catecholamines ranged from 91.2%to 112.7%.     

Development of Magnetic Particle-based Chemiluminescence Enzyme Immunoassay for the Detection of 17β-estradiol in Environmental Water

In the present work, a simple, fast, and highly sensitive chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay for 17β-estradiol (E2) in environmental water samples was developed, using magnetic particles (MPs) labeled with secondary antibody as both the immobilization matrix and the separation tools. The specific anti-E2 polyclonal antibody (PcAb) was produced against a conjugate of estradiol–bovine serum albumin. The specificity of the anti-E2 antibody was studied. The results showed that the antibody did not cross-react with the structurally related endocrine-disrupting compounds, including estrone, ethinyl E2, estriol, E2-17-glucuronide, E2-3-sulfate-17-glucuronide, androstenedione, and dihydrotestosterone. The water samples were pretreated with solid-phase extraction using C₁₈ cartridges for the removal of matrix effects. Several physicochemical parameters including the dilution ratios of E2-6–horseradish peroxidase conjugate and anti-E2 PcAb, immunoreaction time, volume of chemiluminescent substrate and MPs, chemiluminescence reaction time, and pH of assay solution were studied and optimized. At optimal experimental conditions, it was found that the proposed method exhibited high performance with detection limit of 2.0 pg/mL, linear range of 20–1,200 pg/mL, and total assay time of 45 min. Both inter- and intra-assay coefficient of variation were less than 10%. The average recoveries of three different spiked concentration samples ranged from 86.3% to 108%. The method was successfully applied to the determination of E2 in river, waste, and tap water, and showed a good correlation with the commercially available radioimmunoassay kit.     

基于量子点增敏化学发光同时测定尿液中的亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐

采用铜镉柱还原硝酸盐,与CdTe量子点增敏过氧亚硝酸-碳酸钠体系的化学发光信号相结合,开发了快速在线同时分析亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐的新方法.对流动注射、化学发光等实验参数条件进行优化,在Na2CO3的浓度为0.2 M、H2O2的浓度为0.03 M、Na2EDTA的浓度为1×10-3 M、CdTe量子点粒径为2.84 nm的条件下,过氧亚硝酸-碳酸钠体系可以获得最优的化学发光信号.该方法检测亚硝酸盐的线性范围为0.3~75μM,检测限可达0.12μM,其相对标准偏差为1.9%;硝酸盐的线性范围为1.0~100μM,检测限可达0.26μM,其相对标准偏差为1.5%.此方法无需衍生和分离,可以实现同时、准确、快速和高选择性地检测人体尿液中亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐的含量,回收率分别为94%~105%和96.6%~110.4%.     

Direct determination of estriol 3- and 16-glucuronides in pregnancy urine by column-switching liquid chromatography with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry

Using column-switching liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), we developed an improved analytical method of urinary estriol glucuronides. This new method is derived predominantly from maternal and fetal precursors in pregnancy. We used in the following procedure: first, we filtered urine samples with a membrane filter. Next, we directly injected the 50 microL aliquot of urine samples onto a pre-column. Then, after activating the column-switching valve, we backflushed the loaded samples onto the C(18) analytical column. Urine samples can be assayed within 20 min without any sample preparation steps. We monitored separated estriol glucuronides by negative electrospray ionization (ESI) and selected-reaction monitoring (SRM). The calibration range of estriol-3-glucuronide (E3-3G) and estriol-16-glucuronide (E3-16G) was 0.1-20 microg/mL and the linearity of the method was 0.9984 for E3-3G and 0.9987 for E3-16G. The limits of detection at a signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio of 3 were 10 ng/mL (E3-3G) and 5 ng/mL (E3-16G). The analytical recovery was over 85% and, in general, inter-day and intra-day variability for precision and accuracy were less than 10%. When applied to a pregnancy urine sample to biomedical monitoring of the function of the maternal/fetal unit, the proposed method allowed rapid and sensitive screening for the detection of E3-3G and E3-16G.     

Flow injection chemiluminescence determination of imipramine in tablets, human plasma and urine samples based upon oxidation with singlet oxygen generated in N-bromosuccinimide-hydrogen peroxide reaction.

Singlet oxygen generated in a reaction between N-bromosuccinimide and hydrogen peroxide was used for the chemiluminescence oxidation of imipramine. A strong chemiluminescence signal was observed when imipramine was mixed with N-bromosuccinimide and hydrogen peroxide under an alkaline condition. The chemiluminescence signal was linearly dependent on the concentration of imipramine in the range of 0.01 - 1.0 mg/L. The detection limit was 0.005 mg/L imipramine and the relative standard deviation was 1.5% for a 0.4 mg/L imipramine solution in 11 repeated measurements. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of imipramine in tablets, human plasma and urine samples.     

化学发光法测定奶粉中的三聚氰胺

在碱性条件下,三聚氰胺对鲁米诺-铁氰化钾体系化学发光反应具有明显的增敏作用;据此建立了流动注射化学发光测定奶粉中三聚氰胺的分析方法,确定了优化测定条件,并将该方法用于测定奶粉中的三聚氰胺.结果表明,在优化测定条件下,三聚氰胺的质量浓度在1.0×10-6～4.0×10-5 g.L-1范围内与发光强度呈现良好的线性关系,检出限为2.6×10-7 g.L-1,11次平行测定4.0×10-6 g.L-1三聚氰胺的相对标准偏差为3.42%.与此同时,将所建立的方法用于奶粉中三聚氰胺的测定,结果令人满意.     

固相萃取-衍生化气相色谱/质谱法测定制药厂污水中的环境雌激素

采用固相萃取-衍生化气相色谱/质谱法(GC/MS)测定某制药厂污水中的雌酮(E1)、雌二醇(E2)、雌三醇(E3)和乙炔基雌二醇(EE2)4种雌激素化合物。样品经固相萃取柱萃取富集及双(三甲基硅烷基)三氟乙酰胺(1%三甲基氯硅烷)（BSTFA(1%TMCS)）衍生化后进行GC/MS分析。该法对4种目标物的检出限为1.8～4.7 ng/L,相对标准偏差为2.3%～9.1%(n=8)。目标化合物的加标回收率为（94.0±2.9）%～（101±3.8）%,说明该方法能较好地应用于污水中雌激素化合物的定量检测。通过对某制药厂污水中的雌激素进行定量分析,发现污水中乙炔基雌二醇和雌酮质量浓度分别达396.6 和39.9 ng/L;经过传统的厌氧兼氧好氧生物处理后,污水中的环境雌激素的去除率仅为35%～40%,说明传统的污水处理工艺对去除污水中雌激素效果并不明显,需要改进。     

Design and evaluation of capillary electrophoresis in dynamically coated capillaries coupled with chemiluminescence detection

A dynamic coating capillary electrophoresis coupled with a simplified on-line chemiluminescence detection system was designed and evaluated. In the proposed system, poly-vinylpyrrolidone was used as dynamic coating substance in the separation buffer to reduce the unwanted protein non-specific adsorption, which was first applied in capillary electrophoresis coupling with on-line chemiluminescence detection. In order to avoid complex processing, an ordinary plastic cuvette was modified as a three-way joint. The chemiluminescence reaction conditions and capillary electrophoresis separation conditions were investigated in detail. The results showed that the coated capillary can be injected protein samples at least 30 times continuously with good repeatability. Under optimal conditions, the chemiluminescence relative intensity was linear with the concentration of hemoglobin in the range of 4-1850 μg mL(-1) and the detection limit was 2.0 μg mL(-1) (S/N=3). The relative standard deviation of migration times and peak heights for 40 μg mL(-1) hemoglobin were 2.5% and 4.1% (n=11) respectively. Interference of matrix effects was overcome by the calibration according to standard addition methods. Afterwards, the method was validated successfully and was applied to detect the concentration of hemoglobin in the serum of haemolytic patients.