尖晶石型过渡金属硫化物CuCo2S4与MoS2复合材料的制备及电催化析氢性能

通过简单的三步水热法实现尖晶石型过渡金属硫化物CuCo₂S₄与MoS₂的复合, 以三维多孔泡沫镍(NF)为基底, 制得自支撑催化电极MoS₂@CuCo₂S₄-Ni₃S₂/NF. 高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、 X射线衍射(XRD)、 X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及透射电子显微镜(TEM)表征结果表明, MoS₂纳米片层密集均匀地生长在CuCo₂S₄-Ni₃S₂纳米棒表面, 并形成多级核壳结构. 其碱性条件下(1 mol/L KOH)的电催化析氢性能研究结果表明, MoS₂与CuCo₂S₄的复合和特殊形貌的构筑有效提高了电化学活性面积和电子传导效率, 达到10, 100和300 mA/cm²电流密度分别仅需116, 231和282 mV的过电位, 经2000次循环伏安扫描后, 100 mA/cm²电流密度所对应的过电位仅增大6%, 展现出优异的电催化析氢催化活性及较好的稳定性.     

Asymmetric supercapacitors based on high capacitance Ni6MnO8 and graphene

A fast, facile and cost-effective method is used to synthesize Ni₆MnO₈ electrode with high electrochemical performance. The supercapacitor based on Ni₆MnO₈ electrode exhibits excellent stability, high area specific capacitance and promising energy and power density.     

Ni2P和MoS2催化剂在喹啉加氢脱氮反应中的协同效应

设计实验证明了Ni₂P和MoS₂催化剂在喹啉加氢脱氮反应中存在协同效应,该协同效应能够用氢溢流遥控模型理论解释。Ni₂P//MoS₂的协同因子随反应温度升高而减小,并且略微大于相同反应条件下NiS_x//MoS₂的协同因子。Ni₂P产生的溢流氢能够提高MoS₂催化剂上加氢活性位的数量,促使Ni₂P//MoS₂催化体系增加1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉和5,6,7,8-四氢喹啉加氢生成十氢喹啉的速率,提高其脱氮活性;因此,Ni₂P对MoS₂催化剂是很好的助剂。     

Ni3S2@碳纳米管复合材料的制备及其储钠性能

采用一步固相煅烧工艺制备了碳纳米管原位封装Ni₃S₂纳米颗粒（Ni₃S₂@CNT）,并研究了其作为钠离子电池（SIBs）负极材料的电化学性能. 通过X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、循环伏安测试、恒流充放电以及交流阻抗等研究了Ni₃S₂@CNT的物相结构、形貌特征以及电化学性能. 电化学测试表明,材料在100 mA·g ^-1电流密度下,放电容量可以达到541.6 mAh·g ^-1,甚至在2000 mA·g ^-1的大电流密度下其放电比容量也可以维持在274.5 mAh·g ^-1. 另外,材料在100 mA·g ^-1电流密度下,经过120周充放电循环后其放电和充电比容量仍然可以保持在374.5 mAh·g ^-1和359.3 mAh·g ^-1,说明其具有良好倍率性能和循环稳定性能. 良好的电化学性能归因于这种独特的碳纳米管原位封装Ni₃S₂纳米颗粒结构. 碳纳米管不但可以提高复合材料的导电性,也可以缓冲Ni₃S₂纳米颗粒在反复充放电过程中产生的体积膨胀效应,明显改善了Ni₃S₂@CNT负极复合材料的电化学性能.     

Hydrothermal Synthesized Co-Ni3S2 Ultrathin Nanosheets for Efficient and Enhanced Overall Water Splitting

We used the one-step hydrothennal controlled synthesis method for Co-Ni3S2 ultrathin nanosheets grown directly on nickel foam(NF).The as-synthesized Co-Ni3S2/NF showed eiilianced activities in the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and better overall water splitting(OWS)efficiency than the iin-doped Ni3S2/NF.the voltage of Co-Ni3S2/NF for OWS was only 1.58 V at the current density of 10 niA/cm^2 and with long time(>30 h)current output during the current-density(i-t)test.The good i-t pertonnance was also observed in both HER and OER processes.Additionally,the Co-Ni3S2/NF showed a large current density(>1A/cm^2)for both HER and OER.Wlien the current densities reached 100 and 1000 mA/cm^2,the required overpotentials tor Co-Ni3S2/NF were 0.35 and 0.75 V for OER and 0.30 and 0.85 V for HER.Therefore,after introducing Co,the activity of Ni3S2-based material was strongly enhanced.     

MoS_2@Co_9S_8蛋黄壳复合材料的制备及其电化学性能

近年来,过渡金属硫化物已成为锂离子电池理想的负极材料之一。其中,MoS_2具有的独特二维层状结构使得其能够让Li+在电化学反应中可逆地嵌入和脱出,且拥有较高的理论储锂容量(670 m A·h/g)而受到广泛关注。但MoS_2作为典型的半导体材料,电导率低下且在锂离子嵌入-脱出的过程中会发生较大程度的体积收缩膨胀,所以具有较差的倍率性能和循环性能,限制了其商业化的使用。很多研究通过优化MoS_2结构或与其它导电材料复合来克服上述缺陷。Co_9S_8具有较高的电导率,但由于其迟缓的离子传输动力学表现出低的首次库仑效率及较差的循环稳定性,基于此,将MoS_2与Co_9S_8结合利用二者协同效应来提高复合材料的电化学性能。本文采用溶剂热与气相沉积法制备得MoS_2@Co_9S_8蛋黄结构复合材料电极。MoS_2与Co_9S_8均匀分布于整个蛋黄壳结构,这有利于电子和锂离子的快速传输,从而有效地提升了电极的循环性能和倍率性能。其次,蛋黄壳的空穴有效缓解了在充放电过程中的体积膨胀,及其活性位点有效缩短了离子和电子的传输距离,提高了电极反应动力学并获得高比容量。MoS_2@Co_9S_8蛋黄壳复合物的循环性能与倍率性能在同等条件下均高于Co_9S_8和MoS_2,在电流密度为0.2 A/g下循环500圈后,放电容量仍能维持在631.5 m A·h/g。     

Flower-like Cu5Sn2S7/ZnS nanocomposite for high performance supercapacitor

Due to the synergistic effect between ZnS and Cu₅Sn₂S₇, the ZnS can enhance electrochemical performance of pristine Cu₅Sn₂S₇.     

MoS2 nanosheet arrays supported on hierarchical porous carbon with enhanced lithium storage properties

MoS₂ nanosheet arrays supported on hierarchical nitrogen-doped porous carbon(MoS₂@C)have been synthesized by a facile hydrothermal approach combined with high-temperature calcination.The hierarchical nitrogen-doped porous carbon can serve as three-dimensional conductive frameworks to improve the electronic transport of semiconducting MoS₂.When evaluated as anode material for lithium-ion batteries,the MoS₂@C exhibit enhanced electrochemical performances compared with pure MoS₂ nanosheets,including high capacity(1305.5 mA h g^-1 at 100 mA g^-1),excellent rate capability (438.4 mA h g^-1 at 1000 mA g^-1).The reasons for the improved electrochemical performances are explored in terms of the high electronic conductivity and the facilitation of lithium ion transport arising from the hierarchical structures of MoS₂@C.     

NiS-Ni3S2树状异质结阵列在析氧反应中的应用

在过去的几十年里,数以万计化石能源的开发和利用导致了一系列的环境问题,例如温室效应和水污染等。许多应对的策略被提出以应对环境问题,可再生氢气是其中一个最为瞩目的能源。而在其中,电解水是为了获得可在生氢气最为环保的方案。在阳极发生反应过于低效则限制着这项技术的发展,所以研究开发高效的阳极电催化剂变得尤为重要。在本文中,我们通过一步水热法合成了一种直接生长在泡沫镍基地的NiS-Ni₃S₂树状异质结阵列。这个材料在实际电解水的阳极反应中表现出巨大的潜能,表现出高效的电催化性能和超强的稳定性能。NiS-Ni₃S₂树状异质结阵列比纳米棒状Ni₃S₂表现出更好的性能。因为其拥有更高的比表面积和NiS-Ni₃S₂之间协同效应展现。NiS-Ni₃S₂树状异质结阵列的高性能也可能是因为其紧密地与泡沫镍基地连接,拥有较好的电子传输路径。同时,在反应的过程中,一些羟基氢氧化镍的产生也有利于催化效果的提升。毫无疑问,NiS-Ni₃S₂树状异质结阵列作为电解水的阳极催化剂拥有极大的前景。     

碳纳米管/五氧化二钒空心球的制备及其电化学性能研究

采用溶剂热法制备了碳纳米管穿插的分级结构五氧化二钒空心球（VOC_x）. 使用XRD、SEM、循环伏安曲线和充放电曲线研究了不同碳纳米管量对产物结构、形貌和电化学性能的影响. 结果表明,碳纳米管的加入明显改善了VOC的倍率特性. 碳纳米管含量为7.1%时,0.5 A·g^-1电流密度下,其比电容达到346 F·g^-1,8 A·g^-1电流密度时,其电容保持率可达75%. 与活性炭组装成混合电容器,在功率密度为700 W·kg^-1时,能量密度达12.6 Wh·kg^-1.     

溶剂热一步法制备二硫化钼/亚氧化钛电解水析氢催化剂

通过水热法一步合成了系列二硫化钼/亚氧化钛（MoS₂/Ti_xO_y）复合催化剂,研究了溶剂、硫源和钼源等合成条件对所合成的催化剂电催化析氢活性的影响以及亚氧化钛的作用。结果表明,溶剂、硫源、钼源、亚氧化钛等因素都对催化剂的结构和电解水析氢性能有重要影响。溶剂水、水解可产生铵根离子的硫源和钼源以及亚氧化钛的加入有利于获得具有高析氢活性的催化剂。其中,以水为溶剂、硫代乙酰胺为硫源、钼酸铵为钼源得到的催化剂析氢活性最高,电解水析氢测试中达到10 mA/cm²电流密度时需要的过电势仅为280 mV。     

三元镍基硫属化物纳米棒阵列的简单合成及其高效的电催化析氧性能北大核心CSCD

通过一步溶剂热法成功合成了泡沫镍(NF)支撑的三元镍基硫属化物(Ni_(3)(Se_(x)S_(1−x))_(2))纳米棒阵列。结构表征结果表明,所得三元Ni_(3)(Se_(x)S_(1−x))_(2)纳米棒属于三方物相,在泡沫镍基底上形成了有序的阵列结构。由于其快速的载流子传输效率、丰富的活性位点和多阴离子的协同效应,Ni_(3)(Se_(0.3)S_(0.7))_(2)/NF纳米棒阵列具有最佳的电催化性能。在1.0 mol/L的KOH溶液中,电流密度为50 mA/cm2时,过电势仅为344 mV,塔菲尔斜率为40.17 mV/dec,同时具有优异的电化学稳定性。更重要的是,以商用Pt/C为阴极,Ni_(3)(Se_(0.3)S_(0.7))_(2)/NF纳米棒阵列为阳极进行全分解水实验,仅需要1.49 V的电池电位即可提供10 mA/cm2的电解电流,表现出良好的电解水效果。该研究为电解水技术领域提供了一种高效的电催化剂,也为电化学能源技术中非贵重电催化剂的合理构建提供了有价值的见解。     

Ni2P和MoS2催化剂在二苯并噻吩加氢脱硫反应中的氢溢流效应

对分层装填的Ni₂P//MoS₂催化剂上的二苯并噻吩加氢脱硫反应进行了研究。结果表明,分层装填的Ni₂P/Al₂O₃和MoS₂/Al₂O₃催化剂在二苯并噻吩加氢脱硫反应中存在氢溢流效应,氢溢流有助于提高MoS₂催化剂的活性位密度和加氢脱硫反应速率。由于Ni₂P比NiS_x具有更强的氢分子解离能力,Ni₂P//MoS₂催化体系的氢溢流因子略高于NiS_x//MoS₂;相对于NiS_x,Ni₂P对MoS₂催化剂是更好的助剂。     

纳米MgO掺杂改善LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2正极材料

将氢氧化物共沉淀法制备的(Ni_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3)（OH）₂在500℃热处理5 h得到具有尖晶石结构、纳米尺寸的氧化物M₃O₄(M=Ni_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3).将其与LiOH及不同量的纳米MgO混合均匀,并在850℃热处理24 h制备了Li(Ni_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3)_1/xMg_xO₂（x=0,0.01,0.02,0.03,0.04,0.05）正极村料.随着Mg掺杂量的增大,正极材料的晶胞参数增大;少量的Mg掺杂增大了锂离子的扩散系数,而过度掺杂却使锂离子扩散系数有所降低,其中Li(Ni_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3)_0.98Mg_0.02O₂的锂离子扩散系数最大,其脱出和嵌入扩散系数分别为D_Li-dein=29.20×10^-11cm²·S^-1和D_Li-in=4.760×10^-11cm²·s^-1;其以3C倍率充放电的平均放电比容量为139.3 mAh·g^-1,比未掺杂的原粉约高9.5 mAh·g^-1;另外其循环性能也得到了大幅度改善.     

A localized molecular orbital study on the bonding of> Mo3S4]2Mo> and> Mo3S4]CuI> versus (C6H6)2Cr and C6H6Cr(CO)3

The energy-localized CNDO/2 molecular orbitais have been calculated for the clusters containing molybdenum, > {Mo₃S₄₂Mo}⁸⁺ and> Mo₃S₄]CuI> ⁴⁺, versus the prototype arene-metal sandwich (C₆H₆)₂Cr and half-sandwich complexes C₆H₆Cr(CO)₃. The bonding characteristics of these compounds are described from a localization bonding viewpoint. There are two typical M-arene and M-[Mo₃S₄] bondings. One is formed by electron donation from the three-center two-electron π-bonds in the arene or [Mo₃S₄]⁴⁺ ligands into the vacant hybrid orbitais of the “stranger” metal atom. In the other M-arene or M-[Mo₃S₄] bond there is very little donation by the lone electron pair occupying the d AOs of the “stranger” metal atom to the arene or [Mo₃S₄]⁴⁺ ligands. The analogy of the ligand [Mo₃S₄]⁴⁺ in the clusters studied with the ligand benzene is also briefly discussed.     

硬模板法制备固体氧化物燃料电池Ni_(0.5)Cu_(0.5)Ba_(0.05)O_x包覆管状SDC立体阳极

为在固体氧化物燃料电池中有效利用干甲烷为燃料,需制作多孔立体阳极。采用硬模板法和浸渍法制备Ni_(0.5)Cu_(0.5)Ba_(0.05)O_x包覆管状SDC阳极材料(Ni_(0.5)Cu_(0.5)Ba_(0.05)O_x/SDC),为作对比,用溶胶凝胶法制备粉末状Ni_(0.5)Cu_(0.5)Ba_(0.05)O_x,机械混合SDC粉末制备Ni_(0.5)Cu_(0.5)Ba_(0.05)O_x-SDC。将这两种阳极材料分别制作电解质支撑的单电池Ni_(0.5)Cu_(0.5)Ba_(0.05)O_x/SDC|YSZ|LSMYSZ与Ni_(0.5)Cu_(0.5)Ba_(0.05)O_x-SDC|YSZ|LSM-YSZ,并进行发电性能测试以及长期稳定性实验。结果表明,800℃下,干甲烷环境中,Ni_(0.5)Cu_(0.5)Ba_(0.05)O_x-SDC为阳极的单电池最大功率密度为324.99 m W/cm2,运行10 h后,电压下降5.60%;而以Ni_(0.5)Cu_(0.5)Ba_(0.05)O_x/SDC为阳极的单电池最大功率密度达到384.54 m W/cm2,运行100 h后,电压未严重衰减。实验后阳极的SEM照片表明,Ni_(0.5)Cu_(0.5)Ba_(0.05)O_x-SDC阳极内孔隙狭小,易被积炭堵塞;而Ni_(0.5)Cu_(0.5)Ba_(0.05)O_x/SDC阳极呈立体多孔结构,有利于燃料气体与反应后气体的扩散。催化剂颗粒均匀地包覆在SDC纤维管表面,有利于增加三相界面,提高电池的稳定性。     

Synthesis of core-shell structured Au@Bi2S3 nanorod and its application as DNA immobilization matrix for electrochemical biosensor construction

The core-shell structured Au@Bi2S3 nanorods have been prepared through direct in-situ growth of Bi2S3 at the surface of pre-synthesized gold nanorods.The product was characterized by X-ray diffraction,transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.Then the obtained Au@Bi2S3 nanorods were coated onto glassy carbon electrode to act as a scaffold for fabrication of electrochemical DNA biosensor on the basis of the coordination of-NH2 modified on 5’-end of probe DNA and Au@Bi2S3.Electrochemical characterization assays demonstrate that the Au@Bi2S3 nanorods behave as an excellent electronic transport channel to promote the electron transfer kinetics and increase the effective surface area by their nanosize effect.The hybridization experiments reveal that the Au@Bi2S3 matrix-based DNA biosensor is capable of recognizing complementary DNA over a wide concentration ranging from 10 fmol/L to 1 nmol/L.The limit of detection was estimated to be 2 fmol/L(S/N=3).The biosensor also presents remarkable selectivity to distinguish fully complementa ry sequences from basemismatched and non-complementary ones,showing great promising in practical application.     

Sb2S3纳米粒子修饰ZnO纳米片微纳分级结构的光电化学性能

采用恒电位方法,选择氯化钾和乙二胺(EDA)为添加剂,在氧化铟锡(ITO)导电玻璃上制备了高度有序的ZnO纳米片阵列,通过二次电沉积得到了ZnO纳米片上生长纳米棒的微纳分级结构.利用化学浴沉积法在ZnO基底上沉积Sb₂S₃纳米粒子制备出了Sb₂S₃/ZnO纳米片壳核结构和Sb₂S₃/ZnO微纳分级壳核结构.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见(UV-Vis)吸收光谱、瞬态光电流等对其形貌、结构组成和光电化学性能进行了表征和分析.结果表明, Sb₂S₃/ZnO纳米片上生长纳米棒分级壳核结构的光电流明显高于Sb₂S₃/ZnO纳米片壳核结构.在Sb₂S₃/ZnO纳米片壳核结构和Sb₂S₃/ZnO微纳分级壳核结构的基础上旋涂一层P3HT薄膜形成P3HT/Sb₂S₃/ZnO复合结构,以上述复合结构薄膜为光活性层组装成杂化太阳电池,其中, P3HT/Sb₂S₃/ZnO分级壳核结构杂化太阳电池的能量转换效率最高,达到了0.81%.     

Ni2P负载量对Ni2P/Ce-Al2O3催化剂结构及萘加氢性能的影响

采用程序升温还原法制备了一系列Ni₂P/Ce-Al₂O₃催化剂,考察了制备过程中Ni₂P负载量对催化剂结构及萘加氢饱和性能的影响。结果表明,Ni₂P负载量可调控活性组分Ni₂P与载体Ce-Al₂O₃之间的相互作用,进而调变催化剂的比表面积、Ni₂P粒径及催化剂活性位点数量。当Ni₂P负载量（质量分数）为17%时,催化剂具有较大的比表面积（40 m²/g）、较小的Ni₂P粒径（26.3 nm）和最多的活性位点数量（26.7 μmol/g）;同时,该催化剂萘转化率为95%,十氢萘选择性为76%,且活性稳定性良好,这主要归因于催化剂大的比表面积和高的活性位点数量为反应提供了更多的场所。     

2D Bi2WO6/MoS2 as a new photo-activated carrier for boosting electrocatalytic methanol oxidation with visible light illumination

A kind of new 2D heterojunction of Bi₂WO₆/MoS₂ was constructed and used as visible-light activated carrier for depositing Pt electrocatalyst. With assistance of visible light irradiation, Pt-Bi₂WO₆/MoS₂ composite shows enhanced electrocatalytic activity and stability towards methanol oxidation than traditional electrocatalytic process and commercial Pt/C.