用激光点火辅助火花诱导击穿光谱技术实现铝合金的高灵敏元素分析

报道了采用激光点火辅助火花诱导击穿光谱技术分析铝合金中痕量元素时的分析行为。用低能量激光脉冲聚焦于样品表面并在放电电极之间产生等离子体来触发高压火花放电以改善火花诱导击穿光谱技术的分析行为。在当前空间几何配置下,研究得到了最佳的放电电压和储能电容等参数并在最佳实验条件下分析了样品中的铜元素,其检出限达到0.7 ppm。激光点火的辅助手段改善了火花诱导击穿光谱技术在元素分析时信号的稳定性、提高了分析精度。同时它还能够有效地降低放电电压,改善其空间分辨本领。研究表明激光点火辅助火花诱导击穿光谱技术具有灵敏度高、稳定性好以及具有较好的空间分辨本领的特点,非常适合于各种合金中的痕量元素分析。     

基于共振激发的激光诱导击穿光谱技术研究进展

激光诱导击穿光谱技术是一种新型的原子光谱分析技术,具有实时快速、 多元素同时分析和样品预处理简单等特点,从一出现便受到研究人员的广泛关注,但分析灵敏度差一直是限制该技术发展的重要因素。基于共振激发的激光诱导击穿光谱技术将原子荧光光谱技术和激光诱导击穿光谱技术结合,对目标元素进行选择性激发,可以大幅提高激光诱导击穿光谱技术的分析灵敏度,极大地拓展了LIBS技术在痕量元素检测领域的应用。本文综述了基于共振激发的激光诱导击穿光谱技术的研究进展,介绍了激光诱导等离子体中荧光光谱的产生过程以及基于共振激发的激光诱导击穿光谱技术的基本类型和基础原理,详细分析了烧蚀激光能量、 共振激发激光能量和波长、 烧蚀激光和共振激发激光之间的延时以及光谱采集门宽对光谱增强效果的影响,阐述了其在冶金、 环境监测、 同位素检测等领域的应用现状和存在的问题,并对其未来发展前景进行了展望。     

远程激光诱导击穿光谱技术与应用(特邀)

在冶金工业、核工业、深空探测等领域,受限于高温、强辐射等人员无法达到的极端环境限制,亟需一种可快速准确进行物质成份分析的远距离非接触式探测手段。远程激光诱导击穿光谱技术是一种结合激光远距离传输与控制以及弱光信号采集来获取目标材料物质成份信息的一种技术手段,可以实现极端环境下物质的非接触式远距离探测。本文系统介绍了远程激光诱导击穿光谱系统的光学系统结构,以及不同结构远程激光诱导击穿光谱装置的性能特点及其面临的技术瓶颈。针对远程激光诱导击穿光谱技术探测灵敏度与探测距离受限、光谱信息受限等问题,还介绍了国内外常用的远程激光诱导击穿光谱信号增强方法以及激光诱导击穿光谱与拉曼光谱结合等技术方法。最后简要总结了远程激光诱导击穿光谱技术在爆炸物探测、核工业、深空探测等几个典型领域的应用,展望了其在未来的发展。     

双飞秒激光脉冲诱导击穿光谱增强特性研究

在大气环境中,以钴为样品,通过单脉冲飞秒激光诱导击穿光谱及共轴双飞秒脉冲激光诱导击穿光谱的对比实验,研究了双脉冲激光诱导击穿光谱的谱线增强机制,测量了双脉冲激光诱导击穿光谱随脉冲时间间隔的变化趋势。结果表明,在最优化的脉冲时间间隔条件下,双脉冲激光诱导等离子体光谱获得明显增强。进一步,通过线性Boltzmann法得出了电子温度随脉冲时间间隔的演化,发现了谱线增强因子和电子温度随脉冲时间间隔呈现出相同的演化趋势,并经历两个明显的变化过程,得出了谱线信号强度的增强依赖于电子温度升高的结论。     

样品温度和空间约束两种方法相结合对激光诱导击穿光谱的影响

升高样品温度和采用空间约束能提高激光诱导击穿光谱的信号强度,两种技术的结合可以进一步提高激光诱导击穿光谱的光谱强度.本文在空气环境中研究了升高样品温度和空间约束效应两种方法相结合对激光诱导击穿光谱的影响,测量了激光诱导铝等离子体的时间分辨光谱.实验结果表明:升高样品温度能增加激光诱导击穿光谱的信号强度,高温样品能耦合更...     

塑料激光诱导击穿光谱技术快速分类应用研究

在大气环境中,采用激光诱导击穿光谱技术与支持向量机算法相结合,对来自不同厂家不同颜色的20种工业塑料进行分类研究。首先对分类结果有影响的实验参数进行优化,在最佳的实验参数条件下进行光谱采集,采用6条非金属元素特征谱线,有效缩短了训练支持向量机分类模型所需时间,从而提高了塑料的分类效率。实验结果表明,利用碳、氢、氧、氮等主量非金属元素对这些工业塑料样品进行分类,测试集1 000个光谱数据中有996个识别正确,算术平均识别精度达到99.6%。在选取较少的主量非金属特征谱线的情况下,结合采用支持向量机算法,可以实现激光诱导击穿光谱技术对更多类型的塑料制品快速、高精度分类,为激光诱导击穿光谱技术在实现塑料分类方面提供了数据参考。     

LIBS技术对羊毛脂复合物中重金属元素的成分分析

利用激光诱导击穿光谱技术对市面上某型号口红的羊毛脂复合物中重金属元素进行分析,使用波长为532nm的激光在口红表面击穿诱导高温等离子体,通过对MCP增益、延迟、门宽三个参数的优化来获得最佳光谱.由发射光谱线的强度计算等离子体的电子温度,研究了激光诱导等离子体的电子温度随时间演化的特性.     

基于离线激光诱导击穿光谱方法的HL-2A石墨瓦沉积层初步分析

对HL-2A 偏滤器靶板和固定孔栏位置的石墨瓦进行了离线激光诱导击穿光谱(LIBS)测量，比较分析了沉积行为，初步得到了不同位置沉积层粒子种类(Fe、Si、H、D 等元素)及其深度的变化。与飞行时间二次离子质谱仪(TOF-SIMS)所得结果进行了对比，发现离子深度变化形貌趋同。根据沉积层有效信号激光数，得到激光烧蚀速率约为270nm/脉冲。     

钛合金的激光诱导击穿光谱快速分类

利用激光诱导击穿光谱技术快捷、实时、原位、微损、多元素同步分析的优势,对相同牌号下不同国标编号的钛合金进行分析,以实现对钛合金快速精确的分类识别.用激光诱导击穿光谱技术采集钛合金于各激光强度与延时下的光谱,通过对比6个特征处的峰值强度与信噪比获得最优条件.结合K最邻近算法,对最优条件下采集的TC4钛合金数据进行处理,并...     

铜丝水中电爆炸能量沉积特性

对s脉冲电压作用下铜丝水中电爆炸的能量沉积过程进行了实验研究,利用自积分Rogowski线圈和电阻分压器分别测量铜丝电爆炸时的电流和电压。利用测量电压波形确定了熔融起始、熔融结束、汽化起始和击穿时刻点,将铜丝电爆炸划分成熔融、液态和汽化3个阶段。通过数学方法计算了3个阶段和击穿前的沉积总能量。通过实验和计算,分析了电路参数,包括放电电压和回路电感,以及铜丝特性,包括铜丝长度和直径,对铜丝电爆炸过程中3个阶段和击穿前沉积总能量的影响。结果表明:在s脉冲电压作用下,放电电压、回路电感、铜丝长度和直径对熔融阶段能量沉积影响较小,但对液态和汽化阶段能量沉积影响较大,通过调节电路参数提高电流上升速率,可以显著提高汽化和击穿前的沉积能量。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.