铅烟测定

本文采用聚芳砜滤筒取样,以盐酸、硝酸简捷溶解铅尘,用原子吸收光谱快速测定了烟道气中的铅,为工业分析和环境保护提供了新方法。本文还用电子显微镜观察了铅烟颗粒大小,并用x射线粉末衍射法测定了铅尘的形态,提出了用重油作燃料熔炼彩色显象管玻璃时从烟道放空的铅尘为硫酸铅,为除尘脱铅提供了依据。     

电感耦合等离子质谱法测定染铅猪仔的血铅、尿铅含量

利用电感耦合等离子质谱法测定染铅猪仔的血铅、尿铅含量.铅元素校正曲线的相关系数达到0.9999,方法检出限为0.08 μg/L.用冻干牛血铅、镉成分分析标准物质和冻干人尿铅成分分析标准物质验证了方法的准确性和重复性,分析结果表明,测定值与标准值基本吻合,测定值的相对标准偏差＜3.4％.用此方法分析了染铅猪仔不同时段的血...     

绿豆提取物排铅效果的实验研究

观察了绿豆提取物对铅中毒动物的排铅作用,用SD雄性大鼠建立铅中毒模型,按体质量随机分组对照。结果表明,绿豆提取物可以增加铅中毒大鼠的铅排出量,降低骨铅和肝铅。提示绿豆提取物具有促进铅的排出和减少体内铅蓄积的作用。     

EDTA滴定法连续测定铅精矿中铅和锌

建立了EDTA滴定法连续测定铅精矿中铅和锌的方法。试样用盐酸、硝酸、硫酸和氯酸钾分解。铅通过硫酸铅沉淀与其他干扰元素分离,沉淀溶解于乙酸-乙酸钠溶液中。在滤液中加入氨水、氟化钾使铁等干扰元素沉淀并与锌溶液分离。用二甲酚橙作指示剂,EDTA分别滴定溶液中的铅和锌。研究中测定了能力验证NILPT(2010)-0211铅精矿样品10-1和10-2中铅和锌,结果满意。     

分离富集-原子吸收光谱法测定锌锰电池中铅和镉

对用原子吸收光谱法测定锌锰电池中铅和镉结果的可靠性进行了研究。对于典型的4R25电池,试液中主要成分锌和锰总量超过40 g.L-1,直接用普通稀释法得不到准确的结果。采用CL-7301萃淋树脂微色谱柱将电池试液中铅和镉与基体快速分离,用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定铅和镉,当铅和镉的含量较高时,可以将样品预稀释后采用在线稀释技术直接测定铅和镉。     

水体中铅的物化行为及其净化机理研究

本文报道了用引入偏钛酸(H_2TiO_3)的硅胶通过铅饱和和热力学重结晶制备离子筛,它对复杂水体中的铅(Ⅱ)离子具有特效选择性。同时对铅的水化学性质、离子筛的表面性质及Pb(Ⅱ)在固-液界面的吸附行为和机理进行了新的探索。 离子筛用在不同类型的水体中除铅。     

高压浸取-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定重晶石中铅

研究了在高压消解瓶内升温增压下,用王水对重晶石中铅浸取,并用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定浸出的铅。试验表明,在180℃加热3h,铅的浸取量最大,用该法浸取铅比在常温常压下更完全,相对标准偏差为2.20%～3.72%,回收率为95.2%～100.4%,方法检出限为0.12mg·L-1。     

增量光度法测定巴氏合金中的杂质铅

采用铅偶氮胂Ⅲ光度法测定巴氏合金中的杂质铅时,由于溶液中铅的浓度低于吸光灵敏度最大区间的浓度,在溶液中分别加入等量的铅,使铅的浓度在吸光灵敏度最大区间浓度范围内,然后以光度法测定。研究了铅偶氮胂Ⅲ光度法的最佳条件。用该法测定标准样品中的铅,测定结果与标准值基本一致：精密度为0．0086％(n=4)。     

降铅Ⅰ号冲剂防治儿童铅中毒的研究附100例临床疗效观察

观察了用降铅I号冲剂防治儿童铅中毒100例临床疗效,治疗组降铅疗效明显好于对照组。     

高砷低金银的铅阳极泥中银的冶炼

本文报导了将纯碱加入砷含量高的铅阳极泥熔炼成贵铅，用硝酸溶解，硫氰酸盐沉淀，再用锌粉还原得银的方法。从而避免砒霜挥发。     

发铅与血铅的相关关系

头发中的铅除直接来源于血液外,体内和环境中的铅还通过纵向和横向多种通道渗入到头发结构中,头发和血液的铅动力学行为也不相同。发铅和血铅之间存在复杂的相关关系,铅摄入量的重大变化可削弱两者的关联强度,高铅暴露则加强两者的关联强度。骨铅的动员和释放,以及发样采集或预处理不当,均可使血铅或发铅值偏离真实,导致两者关联的不确定。血铅是近期铅暴露的量度指标,发铅可给出从前铅暴露或铅负荷的信息,后者更适合于人群铅中毒筛查或监测。     

大气铅污染对交通警察健康影响的研究

论述了大气铅污染与交通警察健康的关系。世界范围内汽车废气铅污染占人类活动中铅污染的６０％以上,每年约有４０万吨的铅从汽车废气中排出。铅污染不但涉及到空气、土壤、水源,而且还危及到海洋生态平衡。首先受汽车废气铅污染危害最明显的就是交通警察。由于长期吸入高浓度的含铅废气,致使交通警察体内积畜高含量的铅,可导致呼唤系统、神经系统、泌尿生殖系统功能紊乱。铅还胡遗传毒性和致癌作用。降低大气铅污染的重要措施是     

铅及铅锑合金阳极膜中硫酸铅的氧化过程

应用电位阶跃和交流阻抗法分别研究铅和Pb-5wt% Sb合金在4.5mol·dm^-^3H~2SO~4(30℃)中于1.3V(vs. Hg/Hg~2SO~4, 下同)生长20min后的阳极膜在0.9V还原5min后再在1.4V将膜中硫酸铅氧化的过程。实验结果表明在0.9V还原二氧化铅而得到的硫酸铅能在1.4V于1min内氧化为二氧化铅。这是由于此种硫酸铅处于硫酸铅颗粒表层的缘故。至于颗粒内部由铅直接生成的硫酸铅的氧化为二氧化铅就要缓慢得多。合金中的锑能使二氧化铅晶核形成和生长速率显著降低。     

The Application of Gibberellic Acid to the Determination of Trace Amounts of Lead by Spectrofluorimetry

The ionization constant of fluorescent reagent gibberellic acid (GA) was established spectrophotometrically. The fluorescent reaction of this reagent with lead was studied. Based on this chelation reaction, a sensitive, direct spectrofluorimetric method for the determination of trace lead with use of GA has been developed. The reaction conditions for the fluorescence system of lead with GA were studied. The lead ion can form a stable binary chelate with GA, having a ratio of 1:2 in the pH range 7.0‐8.0. The maximum excitation and emission wavelengths are 205.0 nm and 308.8 nm for the lead chelate, respectively. The reaction is instantaneous and the fluorescence intensity of the lead chelate remains stable from 20 to 150 min. Under the optimal experimental conditions the fluorescence intensity is a linear function of concentration in the range 1.0‐10.0 ng/mL of lead and the detection limit is 0.52 ng/mL of lead. Interferences of other ions were studied. The method has been successfully applied to the determination of lead in common paint.     

某蓄电池厂二十一年铅浓度与铅中毒的动态分析

调查分析了某蓄电池厂二十一年铅浓度与铅中毒的关系,结果表明空气中铅浓度与铅中毒病人正相关,ｒ＝０．６７,Ｐ〈０．０５,说明空间空气中铅浓度升高,铅中毒病人有可能增加,反之减少。直线回归方程为ｙ＝６．３５＋１．５５９８ｘ,Ｐ〈０．０５,回归系数也说明同样道理。通过不同工种铅浓度与铅中毒病人的关系可以看出在车间空气中铅浓度相对不高的情况下其发病率高的主要原因是接触时间较长,从而说明接触时间也是不可忽视     

Separation of lead sulphate from barium sulphate in their determination in glass

The conventional method for separation of lead from a combined lead and barium sulphate precipitate by extraction with ammonium acetate has been critically studied. The results show that quantitative separation of lead is possible only when the molar concentration ratio of barium to lead is 4.2 or above, but at ratios below 4.2 the method fails because of the formation of a solid solution of lead and barium sulphates which is maximal at initial mole-ratio 0.42. The lead in the solid solution, however, forms a strong soluble complex with EDTA and can be quantitatively separated. Based on this, a gravimetric method has been worked out for determination of lead and barium in glass.     

环境铅暴露对儿童智能与行为的影响

环境铅暴露对儿童的危害已成为世界范围内一种严重的公共卫生问题。既往的研究表明环境铅暴露对儿童的智力发育将产生不良影响 ,尤其是对于婴儿 ,铅暴露是影响其精神发育的决定因素之一 ;长期的铅暴露具有累加作用 ,其毒害作用也是累加的 ;铅暴露又是导致儿童行为异常的因素之一 ;大量研究显示儿童多动症与儿童铅暴露水平有关。此外 ,铅暴露还可能影响部分儿童运动功能的发育。     

铅元素与儿童健康关系的研究进展

近年来国内外许多学者对铅元素的研究日益深入，它的毒性作用愈来愈受到人们的广泛关注。本文就其研究的进展及其与儿童健康的关系作一概述。     

茶叶的铅污染问题及铅污染的来源

介绍了我国茶叶中铅污染的大致情况,指出我国茶叶中的铅超标问题是一个不争的事实。土壤母质中铅含量较高本底值,土壤特有的理化性质,汽车运行的影响,有机肥料的影响,土壤微生物的影响,茶叶的加工过程,以及茶树本身的生理特征都可能是导致茶叶中铅含量超标的原因。当前,急需解决的问题是各个地区根据本地的实际情况,摸清茶叶铅污染的来源,并通过切实有效的途径来控制或缓解当地茶叶中铅污染问题。     

A Study on the Suitability of Carbon Disk Microelectrodes for Trace Analysis of Lead and Copper by ASV

The performance of carbon microdisk electrodes for the simultaneous trace analysis of lead and copper by anodic stripping voltammetry is investigated. The evaluation of the two metal ions in a single step, i.e., by employing a plating potential at which both cations are reduced simultaneously, gives unpredictable results due to the interaction between lead and copper deposited onto the electrode surface. In particular, the calibration plots of lead are not linear, while the copper stripping peak is quite broad and irreproducible. A two-steps deposition procedure, based on a preelectrolysis of copper performed at a potential at which lead ion is not reduced, followed by a simultaneous reduction of the two cations at large enough negative potentials, provides, instead, linear calibration graphs for lead. Copper can be determined without interference by plating the metal at a negative potential where lead ion is not reduced. The reliability of the two-steps procedure for the determination of lead and copper is verified in rain and wine samples.