Acetalation and Ketalation Catalyzed by SO42-/TiO2-MoO3

The catalytic activities of SO42-/TiO2-MoO3 in synthesizing cyclohexanone ethylene ketal,cyclohexanone 1,2-propanediol ketal, 2-propyl-1,3-dioxolane, 4-methyl-2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxolane,2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxolane, 4-methyl-2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxolane, butanone ethy-lene ketal and butanone 1,2-propanediol ketal were reported. It has been demonstrated that SO42-/TiO2-MoO3 is an excellent catalyst. Various factors concerned in this reaction have been investigated. The optimum conditions have been found, that is, the molar ratio of aldehyde/ketone to alcohol was 1:1.5 or 1:1.3,the mass ratio of the catalyst used to the reactants was 0.25～1.5%, and the reaction time was 45～60 min. Under this conditions, the yield of cyclohexanone ethylene ketal is 82.7%, cyclohexanone 1,2-propanediol ketal is 83.4%, the yield of 2-propyl-1,3-dioxolane is 68.1%,4-methyl-2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxolane is 87.5%, the yield of 2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxolane is 70.7%,4-methyl-2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxolane is 82.5%, the yield of butanone ethylene ketal is 74.1%, and butanone 1,2-propanediol ketal is 94.9%.Some equation and experiment results concerned of the synthetic acetals or ketals were listed as follows.     

二氧化硅负载硅钨钼酸催化合成环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了二氧化硅负载硅钨钼酸催化剂。以二氧化硅负载硅钨钼酸为催化剂,环己酮和1,2-丙二醇为原料合成了环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮,用正交实验法研究了反应物料配比、催化剂用量、带水剂用量、反应时间等因素对反应的影响。结果表明,在n(环己酮)∶n(1,2-丙二醇)=1∶1.4,催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的0.8%,带水剂环己烷12 mL,反应时间45 min的优化条件下,环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮的收率可达84.93%。     

4-苄氧甲基-1,3-二氧戊环-2-酮及其聚合物的合成

以苯甲醇、3-氯-1,2-丙二醇和固体光气等为原料,制备了一种五元环状碳酸酯4-苄氧甲基-1,3-二氧戊环2酮(BPC),并用IR、1H NMR、13C NMR、MS、元素分析对其进行了表征.在辛酸亚锡作用下制备了BPC均聚物及其与DL丙交酯(DL- LA)的共聚物,并进行了表征.结果表明,BPC可均聚也可与DL- LA共聚,为改善传统的生物降解型脂肪族聚酯的亲水性及在可降解聚合物中引入反应性基团提供了新的途径.     

Stereoselective synthesis of optically active alpha-hydroxy ketones and anti-1,2-diols via asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of unsymmetrically substituted 1,2-diketones

[reaction: see text] A well-defined chiral Ru catalyst RuCl(N-(p-toluenesulfonyl)-1, 2-diphenylethylenediamine)(eta(6)-arene) effectively promotes asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of 1-aryl-1,2-propanedione with HCOOH/N(C(2)H(5))(3), leading preferentially to optically active 1-aryl-2-hydroxy-1-propanone with up to 99% ee and 89% yield at 10 degrees C. The reaction at 40 degrees C gives anti-1-aryl-1, 2-propanediol with up to 95% ee and 78% yield. This is a highly efficient procedure for the synthesis of optically active anti-diols.     

(S)-美托洛尔的不对称合成

用自制的(S,S)-Salen Co(Ⅲ)OAc催化剂水解动力学拆分外消旋环氧氯丙烷得到高光学纯的(S)-3-氯-1,2-丙二醇和较高光学纯的(R)-环氧氯丙烷。 以(S)-3氯-1,2-丙二醇为手性原料和4-(2-甲氧基乙基)苯酚缩合,再与氯化亚砜反应得环状亚硫酸酯,最后和异丙胺反应得(S)-美托洛尔,光学纯度大于99%。 另外以(R)-环氧氯丙烷为手性原料和4-(2-甲氧基乙基)苯酚反应,再与异丙胺作用得到(S)-美托洛尔,光学纯度大于92%。 (S)-美托洛尔的总收率为53.9%,结构经IR、1H NMR、13C NMR和MS测试技术确证。 该路线原料利用率高,拆分后的2种产物均能用于目标化合物的合成。     

酸性介质中1,2-丙二醇在铂电极上吸附和氧化过程的原位FTIR反射光谱研究

应用电化学循环伏安和原位FTIR反射光谱研究1,2-丙二醇在Pt电极上吸附和氧化过程。结果指出1,2-丙二醇的电氧化可按双途径进行。其一经1,2-丙二醇在Pt上解离吸附产物氧化至CO_2。但在较低电位下这些解离吸附产物(红外检测为CO_(ad)、?C=CH_2]_(ad)等)累积吸附于电极上,毒化Pt表面抑制其它反应。当电位大于0.3V后它们一经生成即氧化脱附,从而使1,2-丙二醇得以在未毒化Pt表面经反应中间体氧化至CO_2。在实验条件下,原位FTIR反射光谱检测到的反应中间体可能有HOC-CHOHCH_3(或CH_2OHCOCH_3)和HOOC-COCH_3(或HOOC-CHOHCH_3)等物种。     

Chiral ligand exchange micellar electrokinetic chromatography using borate anion as a central ion

Three compounds having 1,2-diol structure (1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol, 3-phenoxy-1,2-propanediol, and 3-benzyloxy-1,2-propanediol) were enantioseparated by ligand exchange MEKC using (5S)-pinanediol (SPD) as a chiral selector and borate anion as a central ion together with SDS. When (S)-1,2-propanediol, (S)-1,2,4-butanetriol, or (S)-3-tert-butylamino-1,2-propanediol were used as the chiral ligand instead of SPD, these three compounds were not enantioseparated. When borate was replaced with 2-aminoethane-1-sulfonate or N-cyclohexyl-3-aminopropanesulfonate, no chiral separation was achieved. Therefore, the hydrophobic interaction between the chiral selector and the chiral analytes within the transient diastereomeric complex may play an important role in the enantioseparation achieved by the proposed method.     

Synthesis of propylene carbonate from urea and 1,2-propanediol

The production of propylene carbonate(PC)from urea and 1,2-propanediol(PG)was investigated in a batch process.The catalytic performances of zinc chloride and magnesium chloride were investigated for this reaction system.The influences of various operation conditions on the PC yield were explored.In this work,MgCl_2 and ZnCl_2 showed the excellent catalytic activity toward PC synthesis,and the yields of propylene carbonate reached 96.5%and 92.4%,respectively.The optimum reaction conditions were as follows...     

Polyurethane cationomers with pendant trialkylammonium groups: Effects of ion content,alkyl group,and neutralizing anion

Diphenylmethane-4,4′-diisocyanate based polyether polyurethane cationomers were synthesized using 3-trialkylammonium-(1,2-propanediol)iodide (TAPI) as the chain extender. The ionic content was varied by substituting up to 100% of 3-dialkylamino-1,2-propanediol (DAP) for TAPI. Cationomers with bromine and chlorine ions were prepared from the iodine-based polymer via ion exchange. The morphology and properties of the cationomers were studied as a function of alkyl group, ion content, and anion type using small-angle x-ray scattering, tensile testing, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. The bulky side groups of DAP and TAPI prevented crystallization in the hard domains, and consequently little or no phase separation was evident in the unionized materials. Polyurethanes with cationic functionality showed dramatic improvements in phase separation and tensile properties. Results suggest tht while ionic interactions are the primary driving force for phase separation, they produce a morphology not typical of ionomers, but rather akin to that of a conventional polyurethane with semicrystalline hard segments. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Chiral ligand exchange capillary electrophoresis using borate anion as a central ion

Native DL-pantothenic acid, having a 1,3-diol structure, was chirally resolved by ligand exchange capillary electrophoresis using (S)-3-amino-1,2-propanediol as a chiral selector and the borate anion as a central ion. The optimum conditions for both high resolution and short migration time of DL-pantothenic acid were found to be 200 mM (S)-3-amino-1,2-propanediol and 200 mM borate buffer (pH 9.2) containing 15% methanol with an applied voltage of +25 kV at 20 degrees C, using direct detection at 200 nm. With this system, the resolution (Rs) of racemic pantothenic acid was approximately 1.7. When (S)-1,2-propanediol, (S)-1,2,3-propanetriol, (S)-1,3-butanediol or (S)-1-amino-2-propanol were used as chiral ligand instead of (S)-3-amino-1,2-propanediol, DL-pantothenic acid was not enantioseparated. When borate was replaced with Tris or butylborate, no chiral separation was achieved. Therefore, the ionic interaction between the amino and carboxyl groups of the ternary complex may play an important role in the enantioseparation of DL-pantothenic acid by the proposed CE system.     

Synthesis of 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate: the first pathway-specific intermediate in the methylerythritol phosphate route to isoprenoids

[reaction: see text] 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (4), formed from 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate (3), is the first pathway-specific intermediate in the methylerythritol phosphate route for the biosynthesis of isoprenoid compounds in bacteria, algae, and plant chloroplasts. In this report, 4 was synthesized from 1,2-propanediol (7) in seven steps with an overall yield of 32% and in an enantiomeric excess of 78%.     

Ni/SiO_2催化剂的合成及其甘油氢解制1,2-丙二醇性能

以硝酸镍和偏硅酸钠为原料,采用并流共沉淀和氢气还原-钝化的方法制备了Ni/Si O2催化剂,通过BET、XRD、H2-TPD、NH3-TPD、HRTEM、XPS等手段对催化剂的理化性质进行了表征,发现合成得到的Ni/Si O2催化剂具有良好的织构性质、极高的金属分散度和活性比表面积,并且对甘油氢解生成1,2-丙二醇的反应表现出良好的活性和选择性.研究还考察了催化剂的镍硅比、反应停留时间、反应压力、甘油浓度对甘油氢解性能的影响,发现在镍硅比为0.5,反应停留时间为2 h,反应压力为5.5 MPa,甘油浓度为10%的条件下,甘油的单程转化率达78.8%,1,2-丙二醇的选择性高达92.9%.     

Synthesis of 2-(2′,3′-dihydroxypropyl)-5-amino-2H-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-one and 3-(2′,3′-dihydroxypropyl)-5-amino-3H-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-one

The synthesis of two new acyclic nucleoside analogs, 2-(2′,3′-dihydroxypropyl)-5-amino-2H-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-one (1) and 3-(2′,3′-dihydroxypropyl)-5-amino-3H-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-one (2), is reported. The first compound, 1, was obtained by reaction of 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol with the sodium salt of 5-amino-2H-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-one (3) in anhydrous dimethylformamide. Similarly, 5-amino-3H-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-one (4) reacted with 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol to give 2. The thiadiazole 4 was prepared by condensation-cyclization of hydrazothiodicarbonamide (9).     

Catalytic Synthesis of n-Butyraldehyde 1,2-propanediol Acetal over H4SiW12O40-PAn

A new environmentally friendly catalyst, H₄SiW₁₂O₄₀-polyaniline (PAn), was prepared, and n-butyraldehyde 1,2-propanediol acetal was synthesized from n-butyraldehyde and 1,2-propanediol in the presence of H₄SiW₁₂O₄₀-PAn. The influence factors of the synthesis were discussed, and the best reaction conditions were found: the molar ratio of n-butyraldehyde to 1,2-propanediol is 1:1.5, the amount of catalyst used is 1.2% of feed stock, and the reaction time is 1.0 h. H₄SiW₁₂O₄₀-PAn is an excellent catalyst for synthesizing n-butyraldehyde 1,2-propanediol acetal, and the yield can reach more than 95.2%. *Translated from Journal of Central China Normal University (Natural Sciences Edition), 2005, 39(9) (in Chinese), 2004, 28(4) (in Chinese)     

官能化碳纳米管负载Ru催化山梨醇氢解制备低碳二元醇

以不同官能化碳纳米管(原始MCN、氨基化AMCN和石墨化GMCN等)作为载体,通过浸渍法制备了Ru/CNTs催化剂,并应用于山梨醇氢解制1,2-丙二醇和乙二醇反应中。利用XRD、HRTEM、XPS和ICP-AES等方法对催化剂进行了表征,考察了官能团性质、碱助剂等因素对山梨醇氢解性能的影响。结果表明,与Ru/MCN或Ru/GMCN相比较,Ru/AMCN催化剂对山梨醇氢解有更高的活性,在205℃、5.0 MPa氢压条件下,以Ca(OH)₂为添加剂,山梨醇的转化率可达99.5%,1,2-丙二醇(1,2-PD)和乙二醇(EG)的总产率为47.7%。催化剂重复利用五次,催化活性无明显下降。     

Determination of 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol in biological samples by quick-easy-cheap-effective-rugged-and-safe extraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and its biodistribution in rats

3-Chloro-1,2-propanediol is a common food contaminant, but reports on its determination in biological tissues are lacking. In the present study, a method was developed to detect 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol contents in rat tissues by quick-easy-cheap-effective-rugged-and-safe extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Biological samples were extracted with ethyl acetate and purified with adsorbents. The optimized adsorbent for each sample was selected from 4–5 combinations of N-propylethylenediamine, octadecylsilane, graphitized carbon black, strong anion exchange, and florisil. Extracted 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol was derivatized with heptafluorobutyric anhydride and subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. This method had good linearity (correlation coefficients >0.99) in the range of 2–2000 ng/g for blood, kidney, liver, testis, and brain samples. The limits of detection were under 0.8 ng/g; the limits of quantification were 2 ng/g; the recovery rates were 85%–102%; and the matrix effects were 1.98%–7.67%. This method also had good precision. The dynamic changes in 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol in rats gavaged with 20 mg/kg b.w. for 24 h were detected using this method. The 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol content in each tissue sharply increased to a peak, rapidly decreased within 2 h, and stabilized at 12 h. 3-Chloro-1,2-propanediol persisted in the kidney, testis, and liver 24 h after gavage.     

酸性介质中1,2-丙二醇在铂电极上吸附和氧化过程的原位FTIR反射光谱研究

应用电化学循环伏安和原位FTIR反射光谱研究1,2-丙二醇在Pt电极上吸附和氧化过程。结果指出1,2-丙二醇的电氧化可按双途径进行。其一经1,2-丙二醇在Pt上解离吸附产物氧化至CO_2。但在较低电位下这些解离吸附产物(红外检测为CO_(ad)、[﹥C=CH_2]_(ad)等)累积吸附于电极上, 毒化Pt表面抑制其它反应。当电位大于0.3 V后它们一经生成即氧化脱附, 从而使1,2-丙二醇得以在未毒化Pt表面经反应中间体氧化至CO_2。在实验条件下,原位FTIR反射光谱检测到的反应中间体可能有HOC-CHOHCH_3(或CH_2OHCOCH_3)和HOOC-COCH_3(或HOOC-CHOHCH_3)等物种。     

微乳电动毛细管色谱法分离检测酱油中的氯丙醇

建立了微乳电动毛细管色谱分离3种氯丙醇的方法。以十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)作为表面活性剂,系统考察了pH值、缓冲溶液类型和浓度、SDS浓度、助表面活性剂浓度、油相浓度、温度和运行电压对3-氯-1,2-丙二醇(3-MCPD),1,3-二氯-2-丙醇(1,3-DCP),2,3-二氯-1-丙醇(2,3-DCP)分离的影响。结果表明,最佳微乳缓冲液为1%(V/V)正庚烷,100 mmol/L SDS,10%(V/V)正丁醇和8 mmol/L磷酸二氢钠-硼砂溶液(pH 8.50),检测波长为192 nm,温度20℃,分离电压为15 kV。3种氯丙醇的线性范围为2.0×10-6～3.2×10-5 mol/L,相关系数大于0.996,检出限(S/N=3)为0.95～1.9μmol/L。酱油样品经乙醚液液萃取,萃取平均回收率为93.2%～103.0%,相对标准偏差小于6.5%。本方法应用于实际样品和加标后样品中三氯丙醇的检测,结果满意。     

Interfacial syntheses of polyphosphonate and polyphosphate esters. I. Effects of alkaline medium

The effects on polymer yield and viscosity in the interfacial condensation of hydroquinone with phenylphosphonic dichloride as a function of the pH of the aqueous medium are reported. Reactions competing with polymer formation are discussed. The beneficial advantages in the use of soluble buffers or bases of limited water solubility to control pH are contrasted with results of conventionally used sodium hydroxide. The results of investigations of other comer pairs for which reaction conditions have not been optimized are also reported; desoxyribose and the diols: thymidine, resorcinol, 2,5-dichlorohydroquinone, 1,3-dihydroxyacetone, 1,4-butanediol, tartaric acid, ethylene glycol, and 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol are tabulated.     

Raspailynes,Novel Long-Chain Acetylenic Enol Ethers of Glycerol from the Marine Sponges Raspailia pumila and Raspailia ramosa

The sponges Raspailia pumila and ramosa (Demospongiae, Tetractinomorpha, Axinellida) from the North-East Atlantic are shown to contain a series of novel long-chain enol ethers of glycerol where the enol ether C?C bond is conjugated, in sequence, to both an acetylenic and an olefinic bond. Polar extracts give raspailynes hydroxylated at their (1Z5Z)-1,5-alkadien-3-ynyl chain, like raspailyne Al ( = (+)-(S)-3-[((1Z,5Z)-16-hydroxy-hexadeca-1,5-dien-3-ynyl)oxy]-1,2-propanediol; (+ 2 ) and isoraspailyne A ( = (+)-3-[((1Z,5Z)-17-hydroxyocta-deca-1,5-dien-3-ynyl)oxy]-1,2-[propanediol; (+)- 3 ). Less polar extracts give 3 different types of raspailynes not hydroxylated at the chain. Raspailynes of the first type have either the (1Z,5Z)-configuration in a linear chain such as raspailyne B2 (( = (?)-(s)-3-[((1Z,5Z)-trideca-1,5-dien-3-ynyl)oxy]-1,2-propanediol; (?)-4), raspailyne Bl ( = (?)-3-[((1Z,5Z)-tetradeca-1,5-dien-3-ynyl)oxy]-1,2-propanediol;(?)- 5 ), and raspailyne B ( = 3-[((1Z,5Z)-pentadeca-1,5-dien-3-ynyl)oxy]-1,2-propanediol; 6 ) or the (1Z,5Z)-pentadeca-1,5-dien-3-ynyl)oxy]-1,2-propanediol; 6 )or the (1Z,5Z)-configuration in a chain ending with an isopropyl group, like isoraspailyne Bl ( = 3-[((1Z,5Z)-12-methyltrideca-1,5-dien-3-ynyl)oxy]-1,2-propanediol; 7 ) and isoraspailyne B ( = 3-[((1Z,5Z)-13-methyltetradeca-1,5-dien-3-ynyl)oxy]-1,2-propanediol; 8 ). Raspailynes of the second type have the (1Z,5E)-configuration, like isoraspailyne Bla ( =3-[((1Z,5E)-tetradeca-1,5-dien-3-ynyl)oxy]-1,2-propanediol; 9 ) and isoraspailyne Ba ( = 3-[((1Z,5E)-13-methyltetradeca-1,5-dien-3-ynyl)oxy]-1,2-propanediol; 10 ). Raspailynes of the third type have the (1E,5Z)-configuration, like isoraspailyne Blb ( = 3-[((1E,5Z)-tetradeca-1,5-dien-3-ynyl)oxy]-1,2,-propanediol; 11 ). The (S)-configuration for (+)- 1 ,((+)- 2 , and (?)- 4 is derived from chemical correlations.