Instantaneous SmI2/H2O/amine-mediated reductions in THF

The SmI(2)-mediated reductions of ketones, imines, and alpha,beta-unsaturated esters have been shown to be instantaneous in the presence of H(2)O and an amine in THF. The SmI(2)-mediated reductions are not only shown to be fast and quantitative by the addition of H(2)O and an amine, but the workup procedures are also simplified. Competing experiments with SmI(2)/H(2)O/amine confirmed that alpha,beta-unsaturated esters could be selectively reduced in the presence of ketones or imines. Comparison of analogue ligands showed that nitrogen and phosphorus ligands are superior to oxygen and sulfur ligands in these reductions. The trialkylphosphine 1,2-bis(dimethylphosphino)ethane (DMPE) provided a primary kinetic isotope effect, yielding a k(H)/k(D) of 4.5.     

Synthetic architectures of TiO2/H2Ti5O11.H2O, ZnO/H2Ti5O11.H2O, ZnO/TiO2/H2Ti5O11.H2O, and ZnO/TiO2 nanocomposites

Although synthetic investigations of inorganic nanomaterials had been carried out extensively over the past decade, few of them have been devoted to fabrication of complex nanostructures that comprise multicomponents/phases (i.e., composite nanobuilding blocks), especially in the area of structural/morphological architecture. In this work, nanobelts of a protonated pentatitanate (H(2)Ti(5)O(11).H(2)O) were synthesized hydrothermally for the first time. Two technologically important transition-metal-oxides TiO(2) and ZnO were then grown respectively or sequentially onto the surface of the as-prepared nanobelts in aqueous mediums. With a main emphasis on organizational manipulation, the present investigation examines general issues of morphological complexity, synthetic interconvertibility, and material combinability related to fabrication of inorganic nanocomposites. Using this model material system, we demonstrate that complex binary and tertiary composite building blocks of TiO(2)/H(2)Ti(5)O(11).H(2)O, ZnO/H(2)Ti(5)O(11).H(2)O, ZnO/TiO(2)/H(2)Ti(5)O(11).H(2)O, and ZnO/TiO(2) can be architected stepwise in solution. Structural features of these nanocomposites have also been addressed.     

乙烷/H2O/O2/N2体系中光致过氧化物的产生

采用长光路Fourier红外光谱(LP-FTIR)和高压液相色谱(HPLC)技术研究了乙烷/H2O/O2/N2光化学体系中过氧化物的产生，证实乙烷降解产物中有过氧化氢、乙基过氧化氢(CH3CH2OOH,EHP)和过氧乙酸[CH3C(O)OOH,PAA]，并首次发现了甲基过氧化氢(CH3OOH,MHP)、羟甲基过氧化氢(HOCH2OOH,HMHP)和过氧甲醚(CH3OOCH3,DMP).H2O2,MHP和EHP的最大计算产率分别为6.8%，6.4%和6.7%，是乙烷降解生成的主要过氧化产物。MHP主要来自乙烷降解过程中的中间物乙醛的光解。HMHP的检出表明乙烷降解过程中可能有Criegee中间体.CH2OO.产生。OH自由基引发的乙烷降解反应可能是对流层大气H2O2，MHP及EHP的重要来源之一。     

用醇还原VOPO4·2H2O制备的VOHPO4·0.5H2O的择优取向性能

 研究了用醇还原VOPO4·2H2O制备的VOHPO4·0．5H2O的晶面择优\r\n取向现象及其在正丁烷和空气混合气体中活化后,产物（VO）2P2O7的\r\n晶面择优暴露对正丁烷氧化制顺酐性能的影响．以伯醇还原VOPO4·2H\r\n2O制备的VOHPO4·0．5H2O晶体,晶面择优取向于（220）面,晶型为玫\r\n瑰状或扭曲的片状聚集体;活化后的产物仅含（VO）2P2O7相,其（02\r\n0）晶面择优暴露．以仲醇还原VOPO4·2H2O制备的VOHPO4·0．5H2O晶\r\n体,晶面择优取向于（001）面,晶型为平板片状体;活化后的产物由\r\n（VO）2P2O7,VOPO4和无定形相组成,其中（VO）2P2O7相含量低,其\r\n（020）晶面暴露少．由苄醇、环己醇和3－甲基－3庚醇还原VOPO4·2\r\nH2O制备的VOHPO4·0．5H2O的XRD谱与用仲醇制备的相似．用一般方法\r\n（V2O5／异丁醇／H3PO4）制备的VOHPO4·0．5H2O晶体不具有晶面择优\r\n取向性质,活化后得到的（VO）2P2O7的结晶度较低．由正辛醇还原VO\r\nPO4·2H2O制备的VOHPO4·0．5H2O经活化后,对正丁烷氧化制顺酐的催\r\n化性能优于用仲辛醇和一般方法制备的VOHPO4·0．5H2O．     

Cd3(H2O)3((O3PCH2)2NH-CH2C6H4-COOH)2].11H2O: a layered cadmium phosphonate with reversible dehydration/hydration properties

In a recent systematic study on the influence of the reaction temperature on the structure formation in the system CdCl2/H(HO3PCH2)2NH-CH2C6H4-COOH (H5L) /NaOH, [Cd3(H2O)3((O3PCH2)2NH-CH2C6H4-COOH)2].11H2O was obtained as a microcrystalline compound. We have now been able to elucidate the structure from single-crystal data: triclinic, P; a=5.4503(9), b=12.880(2), and c=16.417(3) A; alpha=67.841(6) degrees, beta=80.633(6) degrees, gamma=87.688(8) degrees, V=1052.9(3) A3; Z=1; R1=0.1143, R2=0.2108 (all data); 0.0705, 0.1823 ((I>2sigmaI)). The structure of [Cd3(H2O)3((O3PCH2)2NH-CH2C6H4-COOH)2].11H2O is built up of cadmium phosphonate layers connected by water-mediated hydrogen bonds between aryl-carboxylic acid groups and water molecules coordinated to Cd2+ ions of adjacent layers (C-OH...H2O...H2O-Cd2+). The title compound was characterized by IR spectroscopy and energy dispersive X-ray, elemental, and thermogravimetric analyses. Furthermore, temperature-dependent X-ray diffraction data are presented. [Cd3(H2O)3((O3PCH2)2NH-CH2C6H4-COOH)2].11H2O can be reversibly dehydrated, and mechanical stress and grinding in the presence of water leads to the intercalation of additional water molecules.     

Speciation in the aqueous H+/H2VO4-/H2O2/picolinate system relevant to diabetes research

A detailed study of the quaternary aqueous H+/H2VO4-/H2O2/picolinate (Pi-) system has been performed at 25 degrees C in 0.150 M Na(Cl) medium using quantitative 51 V NMR (500 MHz) and potentiometric data (glass electrode). In the ternary H+/H2VO4-/Pi- system, six complexes have been found in the pH region 1-10. In the quaternary H+/H2VO4-/H2O2/Pi- system, eight additional complexes have been found. Generally, equilibria are fast in both systems. The rate of peroxide decomposition depends on the species in solution. Chemical shifts, compositions and formation constants for the species are given. Equilibrium conditions and the fit of the model to the experimental data are illustrated in distribution diagrams. Possible formation of mixed ligand species with imidazole, lactic acid and citric acid have been investigated and ruled out under the same experimental conditions. Structural proposals are given, based on 1)C NMR data and available crystal structures.     

Estimating the limiting reducing power of SmI2/H2O/amine and YbI2/H2O/amine by efficient reduction of unsaturated hydrocarbons

The mixture of samarium diiodide, amine, and water (SmI2/H2O/Et3N) is known to be a particularly powerful reductant, but until now the limiting reducing power has not been determined. A series of unsaturated hydrocarbons with varying half-wave reduction potentials (E(1/2) = -1.6 to -3.4 V, vs SCE) have been treated with SmI2/H2O/Et3N and YbI2/H2O/Et3N, respectively. All hydrocarbons with potentials of -2.8 V or more positive were readily reduced with SmI2/H2O/Et3N, whereas all hydrocarbons with potentials of -2.3 V or more positive were readily reduced using YbI2/H2O/Et3N. This defines limiting values of the chemical reducing power of SmI2/H2O/Et3N to -2.8 V and of YbI2/H2O/Et3N to -2.3 V vs SCE.     

H2O/NaY吸附体系的热化学研究

用精密自动绝热量热计测定了在220-320K范围内, 不同含水量的H2O/NaY吸附体系的热容. 结果表明, 在这些吸附体系的Cp-T曲线上均没有水的固-液相变峰. 这说明即使在饱和吸附的情况下, 水分子仍以单分子层的形态存在于NaY表面上, 它们没有形成聚集态. 此外, 还测定了往饱和吸附的H2O/NaY中再加入不同量水后所组成的H2O/NaY体系的热容. 在这些Cp-T曲线上都出现了明显的相变峰. 所加之水一旦脱出, 则相变峰又消失. 这些水存在于分子筛颗粒之间只与外表面接触. 但仍受分子筛表面的影响. 所以它们的熔化热、熔化温度均比正常水的     

CTAB/n-C5H11OH/H2O体系对青霉素G钾盐水解的抑制作用

微乳液是由表面活性剂、助表面活性剂、水、油等组成的各向同性、低粘度的热力学体系［１］,在生物、环境及其相关领域有着十分重要的应用［２］．近年来,以微乳液为微反应器进行化学反应已引起重视［３－１０］青霉素是一种很重要的抗生素药物,它在阴暗干燥的空气中较...     

Mass spectrometric separation and quantitation of overlapping isotopologues. H2O/HOD/D2O and H2Se/HDSe/D2Se mixtures

Three conceptually different mathematical methods are presented for accurate mass spectrometric determination of H2O/HOD/D2O and H2Se/HDSe/D2Se concentrations from mixtures. These are alternating least-squares, weighted two-band target entropy minimization, and a statistical mass balance model. The otherwise nonmeasurable mass spectra of partially deuterated isotopologues (HOD and HDSe) are mathematically constructed. Any recorded isotopologue mixture mass spectra are then deconvoluted by least-squares into their components. This approach is used to study the H2O/D2O exchange reaction, and is externally validated gravimetrically. The H2O/D2O exchange equilibrium constant is also measured from the deconvoluted 70 eV electron impact GC/MS data (K = 3.85 +/- 0.03).     

Optical constants of HNO3/H2O and H2SO4/HNO3/H2O at low temperatures in the infrared region

The complex index of refraction of liquid HNO3/H2O and H2SO4/HNO3/H2O has been obtained at different temperatures and acid concentrations. FT-IR specular reflectance spectra were obtained for 30, 54, and 64 wt % aqueous HNO3 and for four different H2SO4/HNO3/H2O mixtures in the temperature region from 293 to 183 K. The complex index of refraction was obtained from the reflectance spectra with the Kramers-Kronig transformation. The optical constants of the binary and ternary mixtures vary with the acid concentration and the temperature. The results demonstrate that vibrational bands originating from the sulfate species are more sensitive to changes in temperature than the bands originating from vibrations in the nitrate species; only minor changes in the nitrate vibrational bands are observed as the temperature decreases below 248 K.     

聚苯胺/H2W2O7层状复合材料的制备研究

以层状钨基氧化物(H2W2O7)为无机主体, 用正庚胺改性后的正庚胺/H2W2O7复合物(HTT)为中间体, 通过离子交换、层间O2引发聚合等步骤成功制备了聚苯胺/H2W2O7层状复合材料(PANI/H2W2O7). X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、红外光谱及差热分析结果表明: 聚苯胺分子已成功地嵌入H2W2O7层间, 层状结构没被破坏, 层间距变至1.19 nm; 聚苯胺的嵌入还大大提高了材料的热稳定性. 讨论了无机主体与有机客体之间的相互作用、聚苯胺在层间的排布形式及苯胺和聚苯胺插入层间的反应机理.     

Single fluorescent probe responds to H2O2, NO, and H2O2/NO with three different sets of fluorescence signals

Hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) acts as a signaling molecule in a wide variety of signaling transduction processes and an oxidative stress marker in aging and disease. However, excessive H(2)O(2) production is implicated with various diseases. Nitric oxide (NO) serves as a secondary messenger inducing vascular smooth muscle relaxation. However, mis-regulation of NO production is associated with various disorders. To disentangle the complicated inter-relationship between H(2)O(2) and NO in the signal transduction and oxidative pathways, fluorescent reporters that are able to display distinct signals to H(2)O(2), NO, and H(2)O(2)/NO are highly valuable. Herein, we present the rational design, synthesis, spectral properties, and living cell imaging studies of FP-H(2)O(2)-NO, the first single-fluorescent molecule, that can respond to H(2)O(2), NO, and H(2)O(2)/NO with three different sets of fluorescence signals. FP-H(2)O(2)-NO senses H(2)O(2), NO, and H(2)O(2)/NO with a fluorescence signal pattern of blue-black-black, black-black-red, and black-red-red, respectively. Significantly, we have further demonstrated that FP-H(2)O(2)-NO, a single fluorescent probe, is capable of simultaneously monitoring endogenously produced NO and H(2)O(2) in living macrophage cells in multicolor imaging. We envision that FP-H(2)O(2)-NO will be a unique molecular tool to investigate the interplaying roles of H(2)O(2) and NO in the complex interaction networks of the signal transduction and oxidative pathways. In addition, this work establishes a robust strategy for monitoring the multiple ROS and RNS species (H(2)O(2), NO, and H(2)O(2)/NO) using a single fluorescent probe, and the modularity of the strategy may allow it to be extended for other types of biomolecules.     

Speciation in the aqueous H+/H2VO4-/H2O2/citrate system of biomedical interest

The speciation in the quaternary aqueous H+/H2VO4-/H2O2/citrate (Cit3-) and H+/H2VO4-/Cit3-/L-(+)-lactate (Lac-) systems has been determined at 25 degrees C in the physiological medium of 0.150 M Na(Cl). A combination of 51V NMR integral intensities and chemical shift (Bruker AMX500) as well as potentiometric data (glass electrode) have been collected and evaluated with the computer program LAKE, which is able to treat multimethod data simultaneously. The pKa-values for citric acid have been determined as 2.94, 4.34 and 5.61. Altogether six vanadate-citrate species have been found in the ternary H+/H2VO4-/Cit3- system in the pH region 2-10, only two of which are mononuclear. Reduction of vanadium(V) becomes more pronounced at pH < 2. Solutions, in which reduction occurred to any extent, were excluded from all calculations. In the quaternary H+/H2VO4-/H2O2/Cit3- system, eight complexes have been found in addition to all binary and ternary complexes over the pH region 2-10, including three mononuclear species. Equilibria in general are fast, but the significant and rapid decomposition of peroxide in acidic solutions limited the final model to pH > 4. In the quaternary H+/H2VO4-/Cit3-/Lac- system, two mixed-ligand species have been determined, with the compositions V2CitLac2- and V2CitLac3- (pKa = 5.0). To our knowledge, this is the first time such complexes have been reported for vanadium(V). 51V NMR chemical shifts, compositions and formation constants are given, and equilibrium conditions are illustrated in distribution diagrams as well as the fit of the model to the experimental data. When suitable, structural proposals are given, based on 13C NMR measurements and available literature data of related compounds.     

UV/H2O2光助氧化降解丽华实军蓝制衣染料（英文）

本文对UV/H2O2光助氧化降解丽华实军蓝制衣染料的效果及其影响因素和动力学进行了研究。结果表明,UV/H2O2对丽华实军蓝染料废液具有很好的处理效果,用量少,处理浓度高,且在发生光助氧化降解的同时还伴随着光分解反应。UV/H2O2体系的光助氧化反应和UV体系的光分解反应均为表观一级反应,前者活化能9.71 kJ.mol-1,指前因子1.61 min-1,后者活化能50.3 kJ.mol-1,指前因子3.88×105min-1。染料溶液初始pH为强碱性(pH=12)时染料降解率最大。     

A hydrothermal investigation of the 1/2V2O5-H2C2O4/H3PO4/NH4OH system: synthesis and structures of (NH4)VOPO(4).1.5H2O, (NH4)0.5VOPO(4).1.5H2O, (NH4)2[VO(H2O)3]2[VO(H2O)][VO(PO4)2](2).3H2O, and (NH4)2[VO(HPO4)]2(C2O4).5H2O

The 1/2V2O5-H2C2O4/H3PO4/NH4OH system was investigated using hydrothermal techniques. Four new phases, (NH4)VOPO(4).1.5H2O (1), (NH4)0.5VOPO(4).1.5H2O (2), (NH4)2[VO(H2O)3]2[VO(H2O)][VO(PO4)2]2.3H2O (3), and (NH4)2[VO(HPO4)]2(C2O4).H2O (4), have been prepared and structurally characterized. Compounds 1 and 2 have layered structures closely related to VOPO(4).2H2O and A0.5VOPO4.yH2O (A = mono- or divalent metals), whereas 3 has a 3D open-framework structure. Compound 4 has a layered structure and contains both oxalate and phosphate anions coordinated to vanadium cations. Crystal data: (NH4)VOPO(4).1.5H2O, tetragonal (I), space group I4/mmm (No. 139), a = 6.3160(5) A, c = 13.540(2) A, Z = 4; (NH4)0.5VOPO(4).1.5H2O, monoclinic, space group P2(1)/m (No. 11), a = 6.9669(6) A, b = 17.663(2) A, c = 8.9304(8) A, beta = 105.347(1) degrees, Z = 8; (NH4)2[VO(H2O)3]2[VO(H2O)][VO(PO4)2]2.3H2O, triclinic, space group P1 (No. 2), a = 10.2523(9) A, b = 12.263(1) A, c = 12.362(1) A, alpha = 69.041(2) degrees, beta = 65.653(2) degrees, gamma = 87.789(2) degrees, Z = 2; (NH4)2[VO(HPO4)]2(C2O4).5H2O, monoclinic (C), space group C2/m (No. 12), a = 17.735(2) A, b = 6.4180(6) A, c = 22.839(2) A, beta = 102.017(2) degrees, Z = 6.     

Low temperature H2O and NO2 coadsorption on theta-Al2O3/NiAl(100) ultrathin films

The coadsorption of H(2)O and NO(2) molecules on a well-ordered, ultrathin theta-Al(2)O(3)/NiAl(100) film surface was studied using temperature programmed desorption (TPD), infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRAS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). For H(2)O and NO(2) monolayers adsorbed separately on the theta-Al(2)O(3)/NiAl(100) surface, adsorption energies were estimated to be 44.8 and 36.6 kJ/mol, respectively. Coadsorption systems prepared by sequential deposition of NO(2) and H(2)O revealed the existence of coverage and temperature-dependent adsorption regimes where H(2)O molecules and the surface NO(x) species (NO(2)/N(2)O(4)/NO(2)(-),NO(3)(-)) form segregated and/or mixed domains. Influence of the changes in the crystallinity of solid water (amorphous vs crystalline) on the coadsorption properties of the NO(2)/H(2)O/theta-Al(2)O(3)/NiAl(100) system is also discussed.     

Spectroscopy characterization of anthracene in SDS/BA/H2O system

Spectroscopy characterization of anthracene in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)/benzyl alcohol (BA)/water (H(2)O) microemulsion was studied by UV-visible absorption and fluorescence emission spectroscopy. The impact of the composition and structure of the microemulsion on spectroscopy characterization of anthracene were discussed. At the same time, we indicated the location of anthracene in microemulsion. The results indicated that in O/W microemulsion in SDS/BA/H(2)O system, anthracene exists both in the membrane phase and oil core, while in W/O microemulsion, anthracene exists in the oil continuous phase.     

TiO2/H2O2/超声波协同降解壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚溶液

采用经过处理的锐钛矿型TiO2作为催化剂,在H2O2存在下,以TiO2/H2O2/超声波协同降解壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚反应为模型,探讨了TiO2催化剂用量、H2O2用量、超声波功率、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚溶液初始浓度、初始pH值对壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚降解率的影响。结果表明,在一定的超声波功率和一定的TiO2用量范围内,壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚降解率随超声波功率和TiO2用量的增大而增大,达到一定值后保持平稳;当H2O2浓度介于一定范围内,增大H2O2用量可提高壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚的降解率,但H2O2用量过多时,反而会使壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚的降解率下降;pH<5时,壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚降解效果较好,且pH值越小,降解率越高;pH>5时,降解率越来越低。TiO2/H2O2/超声波体系降解壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚产生了较强烈的协同效应,在同一时刻三者协同体系的降解率比其3种单独体系的降解率之和高出约60%;在TiO2催化剂用量0.4g/L、H2O2用量0.2g/L、超声波功率600W、降解时间120min的条件下,对初始质量浓度为80mg/L,pH=1的壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚溶液进行降解,其降解率达98%以上。     

钛硅分子筛/H2O2 体系催化合成丁酮肟的反应行为

 钛硅分子筛/H2O2 体系催化酮氨肟化反应合成肟的过程中, 产物肟的反应行为直接影响氨肟化过程的反应效率和操作稳定性. 在 Ti-MWW/H2O2 体系催化丁酮氨肟化反应中研究了产物丁酮肟的反应行为, 发现 Ti-MWW 和 H2O2 的共同作用促使丁酮肟发生水解, 生成丁酮和氮氧化物, 使得反应体系从碱性变成了酸性. TS-1/H2O2 体系及产物环己酮肟均存在类似的现象.