散砂及表层海洋(砂质)沉积物中的声速

根据作者的颗粒介质中的声传播理论,应用熄灭定理,给出了颗粒介质中的声速公式.对表层海洋(砂质)沉积物及气砂中的声速作了数值计算,结果表明,在大气压力下,气砂中的声速比空气中的声速小.而在表层海洋沉积物中,散射相互作用的影响不可忽视,粘滞波相互作用对声速的影响不大.刚性粒子理论结果与发表的实验数据比较符合,弹性粒子理论模型应该说是符合实际的,但给出的结果反而比实验数据小,这表明更多的实验测量是需要的.还比对分析了已发表的实验数据,结果表明,颗粒介质理论是更适宜于研究气砂中的声传播问题.     

球形粒子之间的声相互作用

本文讨论某种介质(其中包括许多球形粒子,例如浓悬浮体)对平面波的散射问题,计算了粒子之间的声相互作用场,从而得到了粒子的等效散射截面。当粒子大小比声波波长小很多时,可有如下的结论:(1)由于声相互作用,一个粒子的散射截面只有原来的Q倍,从几何上看,这是由于粒子的互相遮蔽的结果,其遮蔽因子为Q= |1-(γ₀A₀⁽¹⁾+γ₁A₁⁽¹⁾|²;(2)考虑到相互作用之后,散射系数与浓度不再是线性关系;(3)当粒子的尺度比声波波长小很多但比粘滞波波长大很多时,相互作用之后粒子的散射系数与频率的关系仍服从瑞利散射。但当粒子半径接近或小于粘滞波波长时,散射系数与频率的关系比四次方要高。 关键词：     

激光感生荧光中的共振光声效应

本文描述了CDCI_3介质中的激光感生荧光中的共振光声效应(简称荧光声共振效应)。指出这种荧光声共振效应与通常的光声效应的区别。给出了利用荧光声共振效应确定介质中的声速、第二维里系数、声吸收系数、分子内模弛豫时间、粘滞系数和热导率的理论公式,以CDCI_3为例,给出了上述各参数的具体数值。     

Ar-N2混合气体输运性质的量子力学研究

基于物理力学理论,利用量子力学的IOSA方法、Numerov相移计算法和Ar-N₂相互作用的等效势模型计算了Ar在N₂气体中的扩散系数的粘滞系数,计算值与实验值符合较好,比Giantur-co等人(GVD)计算便更接近实验值,特别是粘滞系数,在整个计算区域内基本和实验相同。     

颗粒介质中声衰减的浓悬浮粒子理论及其应用

本文扼要介绍了作者建立的颗粒介质中的浓悬浮粒子理论,并将数值计算与已发表的有关实验比较,得到了满意的一致性。关于海洋沉积物的声衰减系数与频率的关系,因为不同的作者在不同的频段得到不同的关系,即高频段(几千赫以上)近似为线性关系,低频段(1千赫以下)高于一次方关系,曾产生长时期的争执,而根据本文的理论,这一争执可以得到统一。本文对颗粒参数的声学测量进行了探索,强烈地认为,除了测量颗粒介质的平均粒径之外,还要测量其第二粒径参数(如方差)才能完整描写颗粒介质的性质。本文可以作为新型颗粒参数测量仪的理论基础 关键词：     

有限声束的二阶积累声场研究

将有限声束分解为一系列平面波,结合声非线性相互作用理论,对有限声束的二阶积累声场进行了分析和计算。结果表明,任意两个平面波相互作用不产生二阶积累波,伴随有限声束传播所发生的二阶积累波仅是各个平面波非线性自作用的结果。此外,本文还得到了具有直观物理意义的有限声束二阶积累声场的表达式。     

均匀电场中颗粒簇偶极矩的确定

置于均匀电场中的一簇球形颗粒,由于其内部的相互作用而耦合在一起．这致使簇的感应偶极矩与簇的几何结构,大小以及颗粒的介电常数等参量有关．试图通过已知的链的偶极矩确定任意大小长方结构的簇的偶极矩．假定颗粒链可以被具有同样偶极矩的一个等效介质球代替,并将具有空间结构的颗粒簇处理成面结构簇,再将面结构简化成一个颗粒链,从而确定簇的偶极矩．在这一过程中,通过不断增加等效球的尺寸,将颗粒间的相互作用包含在簇的偶极矩中．数值分析了立方结构簇的偶极矩,结果是可接受的. 关键词：     

自旋-轨道耦合玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体激发谱及其有效调控

利用Bogoliubov理论研究了自由空间中可调自旋-轨道耦合玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体(Bose-Einstein condensates, BECs)的激发谱.通过高频近似得到具有两体相互作用时与时间无关的有效Floquet哈密顿量,从而获得一种可调的自旋-轨道耦合和一种可由周期驱动拉曼耦合调控的有效两体相互作用.基于系统有效的Floquet哈密顿量,得到凝聚体具有相互作用时的色散关系,发现周期驱动强度可以有效地调控色散关系的结构,即周期驱动的拉曼耦合可以调控系统在零动量相与平面波相之间的相变.进一步利用Bogoliubov理论得到系统的Bogoliubov-de-Gennes (BdG)方程,分别研究了凝聚体在零动量相和平面波相中的激发谱.发现零动量相中的激发谱均为声子激发,且激发谱随周期驱动强度的增加表现出贝塞尔函数的行为;平面波相中的激发谱存在声子激发和旋子激发,当周期驱动强度增加时,旋子模出现软化现象.因此,可以通过周期驱动拉曼耦合实时地调控自旋-轨道耦合BECs激发谱中的声子激发和旋子激发.     

液体粘滞系数对声低通滤波光纤水听器声学特性的影响

理论和实验研究了液体粘滞系数对声低通滤波光纤水听器声压灵敏度频响特性的影响.为了更好地描述声低通滤波光纤水听器的声学特性,在已建立的低频集中参量模型中,引入了一个用于描述系统机械损耗的参量,即机械声阻,从而得到了改进后的声压传递函数表达式.仿真结果表明,粘滞系数主要影响共振频率附近的响应,随着粘滞系数的增加,共振频率基本不变,共振峰值迅速下降.利用蓖麻油粘滞系数随温度变化较大的特性,在充油驻波罐中测试了不同温度下声低通滤波光纤水听器的声压灵敏度频响,结果与仿真曲线基本吻合,较好地验证了理论分析的正确性.     

运动物体在颗粒介质中的阻力形式

物体由重力驱动在颗粒介质中的运动过程，从动力学上可以用等效重力、颗粒床的黏性阻力及静压阻力来描述.通过求解此动力学模型，找到了一个能够控制颗粒系统处于不同阻尼状态的参量Γ，Γ的表达式直接反映了黏性阻力项和静压阻力项的竞争.这种竞争使得颗粒介质能够处于不同阻尼状态，表现出不同的表观阻力行为.根据理论分析结果设计实验，实现了对颗粒介质体系阻尼状态的调节，验证了理论模型给出的运动物体在颗粒介质中受到的阻力形式. 关键词： 颗粒体系 阻力 动力学过程     

Elastic waves in suspensions

A model of heterogeneous medium taking into account the friction between the particles and liquid, as well as the relaxation of the small-size particles to the equilibrium on the stress, has been proposed to describe the propagation of the elastic waves in a suspension. A system of wave equations describing the propagation of a plane longitudinal wave has been formulated for the components of the medium. Analytical expressions for the sound velocity in a suspension has been obtained in the approximation in which the particles are completely carried away by liquid in the limiting cases in which the particles are in equilibrium under stress with the liquid or equilibrium is absent. The dependence of the sound velocity in the medium on the volumetric portion and the size of the inclusions has been studied. The obtained results agree with the experimental data and obtained analytical expressions for the sound velocity. The dynamics of the components of the medium at the propagation of the plane longitudinal monochromatic wave has been studied.     

基于等效介质原理的宽角超材料吸波体的理论分析

目前,很少有文章就如何实现宽角度吸波材料进行详细的理论分析和设计指导,设计宽角度吸波材料仍然是一件很困难的事情.本文基于等效介质理论对带有反射地板的单层介质超材料吸波体进行较为详细的理论分析.从基础电磁理论出发,推导TE波(横电波,电场方向与入射面垂直的平面电磁波)和TM波(横磁波,磁场方向与入射面垂直的平面电磁波)照射下吸波体的反射系数,分析实现宽角度吸波效果所需的等效电磁参数,为宽角度超材料吸波体的设计提供了理论基础.此外,论文还理论分析了实现宽带宽角吸波等效电磁参数所要满足的条件,并做了计算检验.结果表明,当介质等效电磁参数按照特殊曲线随频率发生变化时,理论上能实现宽带宽角的吸波效果.     

Sonically produced heat in a fluid with bulk viscosity and shear viscosity

In a viscous fluid, sound produces heat in a spatial pattern which, in general, depends on the relative magnitudes of the shear viscosity coefficient eta and the bulk viscosity coefficient B'. It is well known that when the particle velocity components ui relative to Cartesian coordinates xi are given for an arbitrary sound field, or any field of flow, the volume rate of heat production qv can be determined from a dissipation function in the form B'T1 + eta T2. Here, T1 and T2 are quadratic functions involving derivatives of the type delta ui/delta xj. In this paper, examples are discussed for continuous monofrequency sound fields, including crossed plane waves, as well as focused and unfocused fields. In these examples, spatial distributions of the time-averaged quantity [qv] for media in which the loss mechanism is primarily bulk viscosity are compared to those for media in which shear viscosity dominates.     

Nonlinear wave interactions in porous media filled with a quantum fluid

The problem of the nonlinear interaction between the fourth sound and an acoustic wave propagating in a porous medium filled with superfluid helium is solved. Based on the Landau equations of quantum fluid dynamics and on the Biot theory of mechanical waves in a porous medium, nonlinear wave equations are derived for studying the aforementioned interaction. An expression is obtained for the vertex that determines the excitation of an acoustic wave by two waves of the fourth sound. The possibility of an experimental observation of this process is estimated.     

颗粒样品形变对声波传播影响的实验探究

为了更好地理解颗粒间接触结构的变化对通过颗粒介质中的声波的影响,本文利用单轴压缩实验,通过一系列增加的轴向压力使样品塑性应变不断增大,这在颗粒尺度上对应于颗粒间接触结构的改变.我们测量了此过程中通过颗粒样品的声波变化,结果表明颗粒体系内接触结构的变化对声波波形中的非相干波部分和频率有明显的影响,并且在样品接触结构变化的初始阶段声速是偏离有效介质理论的预测的.     

Uniqueness,reciprocity theorem,and plane waves in thermoelastic diffusion with a fractional order derivative

In this work, a theory of thermoelasticity with diffusion is taken into consideration by using the methodology of fractional calculus. The governing equations for particle motion in a homogeneous anisotropic fractional order generalized thermoelastic diffusive medium are presented. Uniqueness and reciprocity theorems are proved. The plane wave propagation in the homogeneous transversely isotropic thermoelastic diffusive medium with fractional order derivative is studied. For the two-dimensional problem, there exist a quasi-longitudinal wave, a quasi-transverse wave, a quasi-mass diffusion wave, and a quasi-thermal wave. From the obtained results, the different characteristics of waves, like phase velocity, attenuation coefficient, specific loss, and penetration depth, are computed numerically and presented graphically. Some special cases are also discussed.     

The absorption of sound in emulsions

The absorption of sound in homogeneous dilute emulsions due to the viscosity of the components of the medium is theoretically investigated. Deformation (capillary) oscillations of the emulsion droplets are taken into account. The viscous wavelength is assumed to be small compared to the droplet size, and the latter is assumed to be small compared to the wavelength of sound. Resonance phenomena related to capillary oscillations are considered. The resonance contribution to the attenuation coefficient of a plane sound wave propagating in the emulsion is analyzed.     

Floquet wave homogenization of periodic anisotropic media

A dynamic homogenization method based on Floquet wave theory is developed. The theory is based on the equivalency within the homogenization domain of Floquet waves in a periodic anisotropic medium and plane waves in a dispersive homogeneous anisotropic medium. A simple procedure has been developed to estimate analytically critical angles and the upper frequency bound of this homogenization domain. Using this method, the frequency dependent effective elastic constants are obtained and examples for [0/90] and [0/45/90/-45] composites are given. By comparison with an exact theory, it is shown that the time domain signal propagation in a periodic laminate is well described by the Floquet wave homogenization theory in the homogenization domain. It is also shown that in the static limit the results are identical to those calculated by static homogenization theory (the generalized method of cells). The potential applications of the method are discussed.     

The reflection of bounded inhomogeneous waves on a liquid/solid interface

Fourier analysis and normal mode theory are used to describe the reflection of bounded inhomogeneous waves on a liquid/solid interface. Nonspecular reflection phenomena in the Rayleigh angle are studied in detail. In this way, an explanation is given for the Rayleigh dip phenomenon for positive inhomogeneity factors and the related result of a reflection coefficient larger than unity when the sign of the inhomogeneity factor is reversed. In the limit of large beamwidths, the reflection coefficient predicted by the infinite plane inhomogeneous wave theory is obtained. These results are entirely consistent with the experimental work published by Deschamps [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 96, 2841-2848 (1994)]. The energy efficiency of Rayleigh wave excitation is investigated as well. It is shown that for large beamwidths, the energy efficiency for bounded inhomogeneous waves is considerably higher in comparison with Gaussian and square-profiled beams.     

Sound speed in air-filled sand and 03ine shallow-layer sandy sediments

Based on the author's theory for acoustic propagation in granular media and by employing the extinction theorem, the sound speed formulae in these media were derived. The numerical computations of sound speed in 03ine sediments and air-filled sand were carried out, and the results demonstrated that under the normal atmosphere the sound speed in air- filled sand is lower than the sound speed in the air. The numerical results also indicated that the influence of scattering interaction between the grains upon the sound speed in the 03ine shallow-layer sandy sediments has to be taken into account; however, the influence of the viscous-wave interaction can be neglected. The theoretical results obtained from the rigid-granular model seem to match the measured data better than from the elastic-granular model, even the latter model fits better for the real situation, indicating further measurements are necessary in order to gain an insight into this problem thoroughly. Through an analysis of experimental data published in journals a conclusion can be drawn that the theory of granular media is suited to deal with the problems of the sound propagation in air-filled sand better than the theory of porous media.