初始溅射粒子密度对烧蚀粒子密度和速度分布的影响

采用蒙特-卡罗(Monte Carlo)模拟方法,研究了初始溅射粒子密度对其传输中的密度和速度分布以及环境气体密度分布的影响.结果表明,随着初始溅射粒子密度增大,烧蚀粒子和环境气体高密度峰的交叠区离开靶的最大距离减小,被衬底反弹后,距靶的最小距离减小,烧蚀粒子的速度分布随初始溅射粒子密度增大而变宽,当初始溅射粒子密度大于8.33×10²⁵ m^-3时,出现速度劈裂现象.所得结论为进一步定量研究纳米晶粒的成核机理提供了基础. 关键词： Monte Carlo模拟 烧蚀粒子 密度分布 速度分布     

Li-和Na-单电子解离过程的研究

采用交叉束方法 ,利用负离子源产生的 3— 19keV的Li- 和Na- 轰击惰性气体靶He ,Ne和Ar ,通过静电偏转和位置灵敏探测器区分碰撞后中性粒子束和负离子束 ,测量了不同碰撞系统的中性粒子计数与相应入射负离子计数的比值R(E) ,并得到R(E)与入射负离子能量、负离子种类和靶原子种类的关系. The count ratios R of the neutralized atoms of final state to projectiles Li -and Na -in collision with He, Ne and Ar are measured in the energy range of 3-19 keV. It is found that the count ratios R increase slowly with the collision energy in whole experimental energy range for He, Ne and Ar. For Li -→He, Ne, Ar Collisions, R(He)≈R(Ar)>R(Ne), and for Na -→He, Ne, Ar Collisions, R(He)>R(Ar)> R(Ne).     

在XeCl~*3080激光器中的三体离子-离子复合研究

计算了在惰性稀释气体中Xe~ Cl~-M→XeCI~* M反应的复合速率(M=He,Ne,Ar).结果表明,室温时在稀释气体Ar,Ne,He中的复合速率在2atm,6.5atm,17atm时分别达到最大值2.4cm~3sec~(-1),2.5cm~3sec~(-1),3.3cm~3sec~(-1),结果还表明,在气体密度一定时,复合速率随温度的上升而急剧地减小.     

稀有气体在电离区压缩特性研究

采用Saha方程加Debye-Hückel修正简单近似模型,给出了稀有气体He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe在电离区的物态方程以及离化度.计算结果与已有实验和理论计算进行比较,验证了模型的可靠性.通过对稀有气体等温和冲击压缩特性理论分析,讨论了其压缩和电离的规律性.论证了在稀有气体He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe中,气体Xe具有较好的抗压缩性.     

激光诱导Al等离子体发射光谱特性的实验研究

本文从实验上研究了不同缓冲气体(He,Ar,N2和Air)中激光Al等离子体的时间分辨发射光谱,研究了原子发射谱线的强度和Stark展宽随延时、缓冲气体性质和压力变化的规律.结果表明原子谱线的强度在3μs左右达到最大值,随着延时的增加,谱线的Stark展宽减小,而缓冲气体压力的增大导致谱线的Stark展宽增大,在实验测定的四种缓冲气体中,Ar气体中谱线的Stark展宽最大.     

H~ ,H_2~ ,H_3~ 与靶原子He,Ne,Ar碰撞中靶激发的实验研究

在H~ ,H_2~ ,H_3~ 与靶原子He,Ne,Ar碰撞过程中,我们观察到大量靶激发的信息,入射离子实验室能量为50-150keV.实验利用TN-1710光学多道分析系统(OMA)测得HeⅠ,NeⅠ,NeⅡ,ArⅠ,ArⅡ的发射光谱线,本文给出了这些谱线的发射截面.实验结果表明:上述碰撞体系中存在着两种靶激发过程,HeⅠ三重态,NeⅠ,ArⅠ谱线的发射截面在H_a~ He,Ne,Ar碰撞体系中最大,在H~ He,Ne,Ar碰撞体系中最小.     

双电荷离子Ar^2＋与He,Ne原子碰撞中的发射截面

双电荷离子Ar~(2 )和He、Ne原子碰撞中,存在着三种碰撞激发过程,一是双电子俘获激发过程,二是单电子俘获激发过程,三是直接激发过程。实验用光学多道分析系统(OMA)对这些过程进行了光学测量,得到了ArⅠ、ArⅡ、NeⅠ、NeⅡ、HeⅠ、HeⅡ谱线的发射截面,并对这些发射截面进行了比较,发现在入射离子速度相同的情况下,Ar~(2 ) Ne碰撞体系的发射截面要比Ar(2 ) He碰撞体系的大。OMA的光谱波长范围是200—800um。入射离子Ar(2 )的能量范围是140—340keV。     

SiH_4…Y(Y=He,Ne,Ar,Kr)体系中的分子间弱相互作用北大核心CSCD

在MP2/aug-cc-pvtz水平上对SiH4…Y(Y=He,Ne,Ar,Kr)复合物势能面上的4个构型进行优化,探讨了SiH4…Y(Y=Ar,Kr)复合物体系中的蓝移氢键结构和电子性质.含基组重叠误差(BSSE)校正的分子间相互作用能的相对大小可以判断复合物的相对稳定性递增顺序为:SiH4…He→SiH4…Ne→SiH4…Ar≈SiH4…Kr.且SiH4与Y(Y=He,Ne)体系之间的相互作用可归属为van der Waals力,而SiH4与Y(Y=Ar,Kr)之间的相互作用属弱氢键.NBO及电子行为分显示,SiH4…Y(Y=Ar,Kr)氢键复合物是一种非静电性质的弱氢键作用.另外,对各复合物中相关键鞍点处的电子密度拓扑性质分析也表明复合物中均存在非静电性质的分子间弱相互作用.     

Ar环境下脉冲激光烧蚀粒子阻尼系数的空间分布

在10 Pa的Ar环境气体中,采用脉冲激光烧蚀技术,分别在半径为2.0,2.5,3.0,3.5和4.0 cm的半圆环不同角度处的衬底上制备了一系列含有纳米晶粒的Si晶薄膜。使用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪和拉曼光谱仪对其表面形貌和微观结构进行分析表征。结果表明,纳米Si晶粒的平均尺寸和烧蚀粒子的阻尼系数均相对于羽辉轴向呈对称分布,并随着与羽辉轴向夹角的增大而减小;同时,随着衬底半径的增加,晶粒平均尺寸和阻尼系数均逐渐减小。     

SiH4…Y(Y=He,Ne,Ar,Kr)体系中的分子间弱相互作用

在MP2/aug-cc-pvtz水平上对SiH4…Y(Y=He,Ne,Ar,Kr)复合物势能面上的4个构型进行优化,探讨了SiH4…Y(Y=Ar,Kr)复合物体系中的蓝移氢键结构和电子性质.含基组重叠误差(BSSE)校正的分子间相互作用能的相对大小可以判断复合物的相对稳定性递增顺序为:SiH4…He→SiH4…Ne→SiH4 …Ar≈SiH4…Kr.且SiH4与Y(Y=He,Ne)体系之间的相互作用可归属为van der Waals力,而SiH4与Y(Y=Ar,Kr)之间的相互作用属弱氢键.NBO及电子行为分显示,SiH4…Y(Y=Ar,Kr)氢键复合物是一种非静电性质的弱氢键作用.另外,对各复合物中相关键鞍点处的电子密度拓扑性质分析也表明复合物中均存在非静电性质的分子间弱相互作用.     

Pressure ranges of velocity splitting of ablated particles produced by pulsed laser deposition in different inert gases

The transport of ablated particles produced by single pulsed-laser ablation is simulated via Monte Carlo method. The pressure ranges of velocity splitting of ablated particles in different inert gases are investigated. The result shows that the range of velocity splitting decreases with the atomic mass of the ambient gas increasing. The ambient gas whose atomic mass is more than that of Kr cannot induce the velocity splitting of ablated particles. The results are explained by the underdamping model and the inertia flow model.     

Spectral anomalies of the light-induced drift of rubidium atoms caused by the velocity dependence of transport collision frequencies

The spectral features of the light-induced drift (LID) velocity for rubidium atoms (⁸⁵Rb and ⁸⁷Rb) in an argon buffer medium and in binary buffer mixtures of noble gases (Ne + Ar, Ne + Kr, Ne + Xe, He + Ar, He + Kr, and He + Xe) have been investigated theoretically. A strong temperature dependence of the spectral shape of the LID signal for Rb atoms in an Ar atmosphere is predicted in the temperature range 450 K < T < 800 K. It is shown that the anomalous LID of Rb atoms in binary buffer mixtures of noble gases can be observed at almost any temperature (including the room one) depending on the fractions of neon or helium in these mixtures. The results obtained enable a highly accurate testing of the interatomic interaction potentials used to calculate the drift velocity for anomalous LID in LID experiments.     

Spectroscopic diagnostics of barrier discharge plasmas in mixtures of zinc diiodide with inert gases

The spectral characteristics of the emission of gas discharge atmospheric pressure plasmas in mixtures of zinc diiodide vapor with inert gases (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe) are investigated. The formation of a gas discharge plasma and the excitation of the components of a working mixture were performed in a high-frequency (with a repetition frequency of sinusoidal voltage pulses of 100 kHz) barrier discharge. The gas discharge emission was analyzed in the spectral range 200–900 nm with a resolution of 0.05 nm. Emission bands of ZnI(B-X) exciplex molecules and I₂* excimer molecules, lines of inert gases, and emission bands of XeI* exciplex molecules (in Xe-containing mixtures) were revealed. It is ascertained that the strongest emission of ZnI* molecules is observed in ZnI₂/He(Ne) mixtures. The regularities in the spectral characteristics of the gas discharge plasma emission are considered.     

Totale Streuquerschnitte für den Stoß von H2, D2 und He an den Edelgasen Ne,Ar, Kr und Xe im thermischen Energiebereich

The velocity dependence of the total elastic cross section has been measured for the scattering of H₂, D₂, and He beams by Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe gases. Velocity-selected beams were attenuated by gas in a scattering chamber. A universal detector, with a magnetic mass separator, was used in conjunction with lock-in techniques. The results are compared with quantum mechanical calculations using a Lennard-Jones-(12.6)-potential, and employing suitable averaging over experimental velocity distributions. Potential parameters are presented. These are in good agreement with those expected from other methods of measurement.     

Electron distribution function relaxation in monatomic gases

The authors discuss an analytic solution of the Boltzmann equation which describes the relaxation in time of the electron distribution function for electrons in a plasma derived from the monatomic gases He, Ne, Ar, and Xe. It is assumed that there are no perturbing forces on the electrons and that at t=0 they have a Maxwellian distribution function corresponding to an average energy of 2 eV. The electrons then lose energy through elastic collisions with neutrals and eventually energy-equilibrate with the neutrals, which are assumed to be cold. The evolution of the electron distribution function in time and velocity space is calculated for each gas. This model is approximately correct for the afterglow period of an electrical discharge in a monatomic gas. It is possible to calculate a time which is a measure of the decay time of the electron energy in an afterglow plasma     

Effects of dissolved gases and an echo contrast agent on ultrasound mediated in vitro gene transfection

The effects of acoustic cavitation on in vitro transfection by ultrasound were investigated. HeLa cells were exposed to 1.0 MHz continuous ultrasound in culture media containing the luciferase gene. Transfection efficiency was elevated when an echo contrast agent, Levovist was added or air was dissolved in the medium. When cells were sonicated in medium saturated with Ar, N2 or N2O which have different gamma values (Cp/Cv), or were saturated with He, Ar or Ne with different thermal conductivities, the effectiveness for the dissolved gases in the ultrasound mediated transfection was Ar > N2 > N2O or Ar > Ne > He, respectively. When free radical formation in water by ultrasound was monitored as a measure of inertial cavitation, it was similarly affected by dissolved gases. These results indicate that the efficiency of ultrasound mediated transfection was significantly affected either by occurrence of or by modification of inertial cavitation due to various gases.     

Computer calculation of positron drift velocities in He,Ne and Ar

The drift velocities of positrons in rare gases, He, Ne and Ar have been calculated at various temperatures. The drift velocity depends quite sensitively on the strength of the electric field and temperature.     

Density dependence and composition dependence of the viscosity of neon-helium and neon-argon mixtures

In this paper we present a detailed experimental study of the density dependence of the viscosity of HeNe and NeAr mixtures at various compositions. The data are analyzed in terms of a density expansion including a logarithmic contribution whose presence is predicted by the kinetic theory of gases. The composition dependence of the viscosity of the dense gas mixtures is compared with estimated values predicted on the basis of the Enskog-Thorne theory for dense mixtures of gases of hard spheres.     

Coupled cluster calculations of the ground state potential and interaction induced electric properties of the mixed dimers of helium,neon and argon

Using augmented polarized correlation consistent basis sets extended with midbond functions, we evaluate the ground state interaction potential and the induced electric dipole polarizabilities and first and second hyperpolarizabilities of the He–Ar, Ne–Ar and He–Ne van der Waals complexes. For the calculation of the potential we resort to the coupled cluster singles and doubles (CCSD) model corrected for triple excitations, CCSD(T), whereas properties are evaluated with CCSD response theory. As a check of the quality of the potential, the rovibrational spectrum and the gas second virial coefficients are evaluated. The rovibrational spectra improve previously available theoretical results, although the dissociation energies are probably still slightly underestimated. For the gas second virial coefficients the agreement with experiment is satisfactory. The frequency dependence of the interaction (hyper)polarizabilities is analysed and a comparison with previous results on the mixed dimers and the pure gases is made.     

High buffer gas pressure perturbation of coherent population trapping in sodium vapors

We report an experimental investigation of coherent population trapping in specially selected Zeeman levels of the sodium atom, performed under high buffer gas pressure in a polydimethylsiloxane coated cell at room temperature. The results show that coherent population trapping will not be completely destroyed when the buffer gas pressure reaches 1100 Torr for He and 1000, 800, and 500 Torr, for Ne, Ar and Kr, respectively. Buffer gases with heavier mass play a larger destructive role for the coherent population trapping. The line width of the dark resonance is reduced with buffer gas pressure. The behavior of the dark resonances on increasing buffer gas is discussed and possible applications are pointed out.