气相色谱-质谱法同时测定饲料中6种雌激素类药物

建立了固相萃取/气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)同时测定饲料中己烷雌酚、己烯雌酚、双烯雌酚、雌酮、17β-雌二醇、雌三醇的检测方法。饲料样品经乙醚提取后,HLB固相萃取柱净化、衍生化后用气相色谱-质谱仪进行检测,外标法定量。结果表明,己烷雌酚在2.5~250 ng/m L,其它5种雌激素类药物在5~500ng/m L范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数不小于0.99,检出限为3~8μg/kg,样品的平均加标回收率为75.9%~96.3%。该方法检出限低,能够准确进行定性和定量测定,可同时测定饲料中的6种雌激素类药物。     

固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定农田回用再生水中的9种雌激素

建立了水体中9种雌激素的固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测方法。利用HLB固相萃取柱富集水体中的痕量雌激素,以0.05%氨水/甲醇为流动相,经C18色谱柱分离,采用电喷雾离子源、质谱多反应监测和负离子扫描模式,实现了水体中9种雌激素的同时检测,方法分析速度为6 min,RSD在4.7%~9.5%之间,回收率范围为73%~116%,检出限在0.001~0.024μg/L之间。利用该方法对北京市某再生水灌区出水口、灌溉渠、农田灌溉点的再生水中雌激素进行了检测分析,未检出天然雌激素(雌酮、雌二醇、雌三醇)和人工合成雌激素(炔雌醇、己烷雌酚、己烯雌酚)等,但检出了壬基酚、辛基酚和双酚A等3种类环境雌激素,浓度范围为31~748 ng/L。     

超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间串联质谱法同时分析奶粉中9种雌激素

建立了奶粉中9种雌激素(雌三醇、β-雌二醇、α-雌二醇、马烯雌甾酮、17α-乙炔雌二醇、雌酮、己烯雌酚、己二烯雌酚、己烷雌酚)的超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间串联质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)分析方法.样品用水溶解,乙腈超声提取雌激素,正己烷除脂,NH2柱净化,经Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3...     

同位素稀释-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定精油中的7种雌性激素

建立了采用同位素稀释-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱同时快速测定精油中7种雌性激素(雌三醇、雌二醇、雌酮、炔雌醇、己二烯雌酚、己烷雌酚、己烯雌酚)的方法。样品中雌性激素用乙酸乙酯-正己烷(2:98, v/v)溶液提取后,经硅胶固相萃取小柱净化,通过ACQUITY UPLCTM BEH SHELD RP18色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm)、以水-乙腈作流动相梯度洗脱对7种雌性激素进行分离,采用串联质谱在负离子扫描方式下通过多反应监测(MRM)模式进行定性定量分析。以雌三醇-D3、雌二醇-D3、己烯雌酚-D6为内标,有效减少了样品基质的影响。该方法对精油中7种雌激素的检出限(LOD)为0.3～7 μg/kg,定量限(LOQ)为1～20 μg/kg。待测物与内标物定量离子的峰面积比值与待测物的质量浓度在20～500 μg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r2)均大于0.997;在20～500 μg/kg范围内3个水平的加标平均回收率为88.5%～114.8%,日内精密度(以相对标准偏差计)(n=6)为4.8%～18.9%。应用该方法对浙江杭州地区不同超市或美容院随机采集的12份精油样品进行测定的结果显示,有1份样品含有雌二醇和雌酮,其余11份样品均未检出雌性激素。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定饮用水中6种雌激素

建立了液相色谱-质谱法测定饮用水中17-β-雌二醇、17-α-雌二醇、17-α-乙炔雌二醇、己烷雌酚(HEX)、己烯雌酚(DES)和双烯雌酚(DE)6种雌激素的分析方法.样品经乙腈萃取,Oasis HLB柱富集净化后,采用液相色谱-质谱法测定.方法在5～100 μg/L范围内呈良好线性,相关系数为0.994～1.000...     

高效液相色谱法测定水产品中4种雌激素的残留量

建立了高效液相色谱法同时测定水产品中己烯雌酚、雌二醇、己二烯雌酚、己烷雌酚残留量的方法。样品经提取、过滤后,用高效液相色谱法进行分析,4种雌激素能很好地分离,高、中、低浓度的加标回收率为84、7％～93．3％,相对标准偏差为1．6％～7．1％(n=6),检出限为0．11～0．60μg／g。该法可有效监控水产品中雌激素的残留量。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定海水中雌酮、雌二醇、雌三醇

建立了测定海水中雌酮、雌二醇和雌三醇的高效液相色谱-串联质谱的分析方法。样品的提取方法为固相萃取,流动相为乙腈和0.1%氨水,梯度洗脱,流速0.2 mL/min,运行时间10 min。质谱采用负离子扫描模式,定量的碎片离子分别是:雌酮:269.02/144.99;雌二醇:271.04/182.96;雌三醇:287.03/170.94。仪器检出限均为0.001 ng,方法检出限均为0.2 ng/L。回收率分别是78.0~110.0%,82.2~103.2%,76.4~95.1%。该方法适用于海水中雌激素类物质的检测。     

气相色谱-质谱法同时检测动物组织中多种激素类兽药的残留量

建立了不同动物基质(肌肉、肝脏、肾脏)中己烷雌酚、己烯雌酚、己二烯雌酚、还原尿睾酮、表睾酮、雌酮、雌二醇、炔雌醇和雌三醇激素残留量的气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)检测方法。以乙腈为提取溶剂,固相萃取柱净化,微波辅助衍生化,用双(三甲基硅烷基)三氟乙酰胺(BSTFA)与甲基氯硅烷(TMCS)(体积比为99 :1)的硅烷化试剂在吡啶存在下进行衍生化反应。实验结果表明,9种激素的检出限为0.1～1 μg/kg。3种动物基质中9种激素的平均回收率为68.8%～93.1%,实验室内相对标准偏差(RSD)为4.1%～22.3%,实验室间RSD为3.1%～17.9%。方法的技术指标满足动物组织中激素类兽药残留分析的要求。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定尿及河底泥中的环境雌激素

报道了尿及河底泥中环境雌激素(壬基酚、双酚A、己烯雌酚、17α-乙炔基雌二醇)和内源性雌激素(17α-雌二醇、17β-雌二醇、雌三醇、雌酮)的气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)测定法。尿样经盐酸溶液水解后用固相萃取(SPE)柱浓缩净化,底泥样品用甲醇-乙酸乙酯萃取。被测组分经五氟丙酸酐(PFPA)衍生化后用GC-MS进行定性定量检测。该法测定的峰面积的日内相对标准偏差为1.22%-5.55%,检出限为0.05-1.27 μg/L(或μg/kg)。被测组分的加标回收率除尿样中17α-乙炔基雌二醇和己烯雌酚分别为2     

固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法同时测定不同水体中的6种雌激素

建立了固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱（SPE-UPLC-MS/MS）联用技术同时测定不同水体中6种雌激素（雌三醇、17-β-雌二醇、17- α-雌二醇、雌酮、炔雌醇、己烯雌酚）的分析方法。样品经HLB固相萃取柱提取和净化后经BEH C18色谱柱分离,采用MS/MS多反应监测模式（MRM）进行分析。采用内标法定量,以雌三醇-D3、17-β-雌二醇-D2、己烯雌酚-D8为内标。当6种雌激素的质量浓度在1.0~100 μg/L线性范围内时,所得回归方程的相关系数（r）均不小于0.9982;方法检出限为0.27~0.45 ng/L,定量限为1.08~1.78 ng/L;在高、中、低3个添加水平下的回收率为68.3%~97.4%,相对标准偏差（RSD）小于15%。该方法灵敏、准确,检测范围广,分析速度快,适用于地表水、废水、饮用水源水及生活用水等不同水体中6种雌激素的同时检测。     

Solid-phase extraction using molecularly imprinted polymer for selective extraction of natural and synthetic estrogens from aqueous samples

A method is proposed for the clean-up and preconcentration of natural and synthetic estrogens from aqueous samples employing molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) as selective sorbent for solid-phase extraction (SPE). The selectivity of the MIP was checked toward several selected natural and synthetic estrogens such as estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (β-E2), 17α-estradiol (α-E2), estriol (E3), 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), dienestrol (DIES) and diethylstilbestrol (DES). Ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled to a TSQ triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (QqQ) was used for analysis of target analytes. The chromatographic separation of the selected compounds was performed in less than 2 min under isocratic conditions. The method was applied to the analysis of estrogens in spiked river and tap water samples. High recoveries (>82%) for estrone, 17β-estradiol, 17α-estradiol, estriol and 17α-ethinylestradiol were obtained. Lower but still satisfactory recoveries (>48%) were achieved for dienestrol and diethylstilbestrol. The method was validated and found to be linear in the range 50-500 ng L(-1) with correlation coefficients (R(2)) greater than 0.995 and repeatability relative standard deviation (RSD) below 8% in all cases. For analysis of 100-mL sample, the method detection limits (LOD) ranged from 4.5 to 9.8 ng L(-1) and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) from 14.9 to 32.6 ng L(-1). To demonstrate the potential of the MIP obtained, a comparison with commercially available C(18) SPE was performed. Molecularly imprinted SPE showed higher recoveries than commercially available C(18) SPE for most of the compounds. These results showed the suitability of the MIP-SPE method for the selective extraction of a class of structurally related compounds such as natural and synthetic estrogens.     

Analysis of diethylstilbestrol, dienestrol and hexestrol in biological samples by immunoaffinity extraction and gas chromatography-negative-ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry

A method has been developed for the detection of diethylstilbestrol, together with dienestrol and hexestrol, using extraction with a single immunoaffinity column containing antibodies raised against diethylstilbestrol, followed by gas chromatography-negative-ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Immunoaffinity columns were prepared by coupling immunoglobulin G fractions obtained from rabbit antisera with a Sepharose matrix. The immunizing agent was synthesized by introducing a carboxyl group into the diethylstilbestrol molecule and coupling this product to bovine serum albumin. The columns were used for immunoadsorption of diethylstilbestrol and other estrogens, after dilution of samples with phosphate buffer, and were eluted with acetone-water (95:5 v/v). A derivatization method suitable for gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of diethylstilbestrol and other estrogens was developed using pentafluorobenzyl bromide and ethanolic potassium hydroxide as reagents. The derivatives obtained were detectable at the sub-picogram level using gas chromatography with negative-ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Recoveries of cis- and trans-diethylstilbestrol, dienestrol and hexestrol from the immunoaffinity columns, determined after extraction from urine, plasma and buffer, ranged from 28 to 96%. The sensitivity for diethylstilbestrol in urine samples was ca. 10 ppt. The method was applied to the analysis of urine from calves given a single dose of 10 mg of diethylstilbestrol. Free and glucuronic acid conjugated diethylstilbestrol decreased with time, but their ratio was variable.     

Determination of estrogens in animal tissue by GC-MS with negative ion chemical ionization

GC-MS with negative ion chemical ionization has been used to detect anabolic estrogens (diethylstilbestrol, dienestrol, hexestrol, and 17β- and 17α-estradiol) in bovine muscle tissue. After hydrolysis and extraction, purification by column chromatography, and derivatization, the detection limit for the estrogens is better than 0.1 ppb.     

Development and characterization of a nanodendritic silver-based solid-phase extraction sorbent for selective enrichment of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in water and milk samples

In this study, 4-[4-phenylazo-phenoxy] butyl-1-thiol (AzSH) functionalized nanodendritic silver (AzS@AgNDs) materials were prepared as a solid-phase extraction (SPE) sorbent for the selective extraction of estrogens. AzS@AgNDs possess an extremely large surface-to-volume ratio and a small average particle size. The performance of the material was evaluated by selective enrichment of hexestrol, diethylstilbestrol, dienestrol and bisphenol A in water and milk samples followed by rapid ultra-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (UPLC–ESI–MS) analyses. The results exhibited that AzS@AgNDs had excellent adsorption capability for the targeted estrogens. The limits of detection of the four estrogens ranged from 0.1 to 5.0 pg/mL. The recoveries of the estrogens spiked into tap water were over the range of 83.6–105.3% with relative standard deviations of 2.8–6.0%. The results indicated the capability of this method for the rapid determination of estrogens in milk and other environmental water samples. In addition, this method would be useful for the determination of human exposure and health risk assessments trace level of endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) in drinking water.     

Trace analysis of 28 steroids in surface water, wastewater and sludge samples by rapid resolution liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

A sensitive rapid resolution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (RRLC-MS/MS) method, combined with solid-phase extraction, ultrasonic extraction and silica gel cartridge cleanup, was developed for 28 steroids including 4 estrogens (estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), 17α-ethynyl estradiol (EE2), diethylstilbestrol (DES)), 14 androgens (androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione (ADD), 17α-trenbolone, 17β-trenbolone, 4-androstene-3,17-dione, 19-nortestoserone, 17β-boldenone, 17α-boldenone, testosterone (T), epi-androsterone (EADR), methyltestosterone (MT), 4-hydroxy-androst-4-ene-17-dione (4-OHA), 5α-dihydrotestosterone (5α-DHT), androsterone (ADR), stanozolol (S)), 5 progestagens (progesterone (P), ethynyl testosterone (ET), 19-norethindrone, norgestrel, medroxyprogesterone (MP)), and 5 glucocorticoids (cortisol, cortisone, prednisone, prednisolone, dexamethasone) in surface water, wastewater and sludge samples. The recoveries of surface water, influents, effluents and sludge samples were 90.6-119.0% (except 5α-DHT was 143%), 44.0-200%, 60.7-123% and 62.6-138%, respectively. The method detection limits for the 28 analytes in surface water, influents, effluents and freeze-dried sludge samples were 0.01-0.24 ng/L, 0.02-1.44 ng/L, 0.01-0.49 ng/L and 0.08-2.06 ng/g, respectively. This method was applied in the determination of the residual steroidal hormones in two surface water of Danshui River, 12 wastewater and 8 sludge samples from two wastewater treatment plants (Meihu and Huiyang WWTPs) in Guangdong (China). Ten analytes were detected in surface water samples with concentrations ranging between 0.4 ng/L (17β-boldenone) and 55.3 ng/L (5α-DHT); twenty analytes in the wastewater samples with concentrations ranging between 0.3 ng/L (P) and 621 ng/L (5α-DHT); and 12 analytes in the sludge samples with concentrations ranging between 1.6 ng/g (E1) and 372 ng/g (EADR).     

Simultaneous determination of 15 steroidal oral contraceptives in water using solid-phase disk extraction followed by high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

A rapid, accurate and sensitive method for simultaneous determination of 15 steroidal hormones including four estrogens (estrone, 17β-estradiol, 17α-ethynylestradiol, estriol) and eleven progestogens (17β-estradiol-3-benzoate, 19-norethindrone, gestodene, levonorgestrel, medroxyprogesterone, cyproterone acetate, megestrol-17-acetate, progesterone, norethindrone acetate, chlormadinone-17-acetate, and hydroxy progesterone caproate) in environmental waters was developed by coupling solid-phase disk extraction (SPDE) to ultra performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) with electrospray ionization. Among three types of extraction tested (C₈ SPDE, C₁₈ SPDE and C₁₈ SPE), the most satisfactory result was achieved using C₁₈ SPDE for its satisfactory recovery (75.6 to 101.4%) and short extraction time (15 min for 1 L deionised water). The validity of this method was investigated and good analytical performance for all the analytes was obtained, including low limits of method detection (0.5–3.4 ng/L) and excellent linear dynamic range (1.0–50.0 ng/L). The method was applied to determine the steroidal hormones in 10 environmental waters including tap water, river water, lake water and waste water in Beijing. No progestogen was detected in all samples and estrone, estriol, 17α-ethynylestradiol were found in most samples at levels between 1.8 and 127.9 ng/L.     

Simultaneous Determination of Ten Estrogens and their Metabolites in Waters by Improved Two-Step SPE Followed by LC–MS

Ten highly potent estrogens including estrone (E₁), 17β-estradiol (E₂), estriol (E₃), 4-hydroxyestrone (4-OHE₁), 2-hydroxyestradiol (2-OHE₂), 16α-hydroxyestrone (16α-OHE₁), 2-methoxyestrone (2-MeO-E₁), 2-methoxyestradiol (2-MeO-E₂), diethylstilbestrol (DES), 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE₂) were identified and quantified by solid-phase extraction followed by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. An improved two-step SPE process was employed in this work. C18 cartridge was used for both enrichment of all target estrogens and retention of some nonpolar impurities, and then a polar florisil cartridge was subsequently used to separate the interested estrogens from the polar impurities. After this pretreatment for water samples, the results showed clean chromatograms without interference from matrix effects. Besides, this method was accurate (recovery percentages between 70.4 and 106.8% for river water and 73.4 and 101.3% for raw sewage, except 4-OHE₁ and 2-OHE₂), and precise (RSD varying between 1.3 and 17.8% for river water and 3.4 and 16.7% for raw sewage). In the optimized condition, this method was used to verify the presence of the target analytes in the Qinghe River and influent of sewage treatment plant in the northwest of Beijing, China. Some estrogens were detected in the river water and sewage water samples at a relatively high concentration. The developed method proved to be effective for analyzing estrogen compounds in complex matrices. Moreover, the achieved results demonstrated that a great concern should be addressed to the potential risk of the presence of estrogens in the aquatic environment.     

A new molecularly imprinted polymer for the on-column solid-phase extraction of diethylstilbestrol from aqueous samples

The estrogenic compound diethylstilbestrol (DES) is widely studied because of its potential endocrine disruption effects. The prohibition of the use of diethylstilbestrol as a growth promoter has not been enough to ensure the total disappearance of this compound from environmental matrices. Due to the low levels of DES present in the environment, preconcentration and clean up methods are necessary for its analysis. This paper describes the synthesis and use of a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) as sorbent for on-column solid-phase extraction of DES from aqueous samples. The selectivity of the DES-MIP was evaluated towards several selected estrogens such as hexestrol (HEX), estrone (E1), estriol (E3), estradiol (E2) and ethynylestradiol (EE2). HPLC-DAD was used to quantify all analytes at 230-nm wavelength. The method has been successfully applied to the analysis of DES in spiked river and tap water samples, with recoveries of 72% and 83% respectively.