离子液体型表面活性剂研究

以1-甲基咪唑为原料, 制备了6个常规离子液体: 1-正丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐及六氟磷酸盐(简称[bmim][BF₄]及[bmim][PF₆])、1-正己基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐及六氟磷酸盐(简称[hmim][BF₄]及[hmim][PF₆])、1-正十六烷基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐及六氟磷酸盐(简称[C₁₆mim][BF₄]及[C₁₆mim][PF₆])和4个功能化离子液体: 1-(2-羟乙基)-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐及六氟磷酸盐(简称[2-hemim][BF₄]及[2-hemim][PF₆])、1-乙氧羰基甲基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐及六氟磷酸盐(简称[eocmmim][BF₄]及[eocmmim][PF₆]). 研究了这两类离子液体的一些物理性能, 旨在挖掘离子液体在香料香精化妆品工业中的应用价值. 分别检测了它们与一般溶剂的互溶性, 并测定了它们的表面张力和发泡性能, 实验结果表明, 仅[C₁₆mim][BF₄]和[C₁₆mim][PF₆]具有发泡性能, 发泡力分别为68和120 mm.     

室温离子液体对氨基苯磺酸的萃取性能

系统研究了[C₄mim][PF₆], [C₆mim][PF₆], [C₆mim][BF₄]和[C₈mim][BF₄]室温离子液体对间氨基苯磺酸、对氨基苯磺酸稀水溶液的萃取平衡. 实验结果表明: 萃取温度和相体积比的变化对分配比影响不大; 水相pH值对萃取平衡有较大的影响, 氨基苯磺酸在离子液体/水体系中的分配比在pH＝4.2时达到最大值; 水相中CaCl₂或Na₂SO₄的存在能较大幅度地提高氨基苯磺酸的分配比; 离子液体的阴离子的性质对分配比有显著的影响, 阴离子为[BF₄]^－的离子液体对氨基苯磺酸的萃取能力大于阴离子为[PF₆]^－的离子液体; 咪唑环上烷基链的长度也对萃取效果有一定的影响. 在所研究的离子液体中, [C₆mim][BF₄]和[C₈mim][BF₄]对氨基苯磺酸有较好的萃取性能, 且萃取相中的氨基苯磺酸可回收利用, 离子液体也可循环使用.     

咪唑类离子液体混合物吸收CO2性能研究

结合常规离子液体和功能型离子液体在吸收CO₂方面的优势,将两类咪唑类离子液体进行混合,对其吸收CO₂的效果和再生性能进行了实验研究。结果表明,两类咪唑类离子液体混合后流动性明显改善,与CO₂接触气液传质顺畅;常规离子液体[bmim][BF₄]和[bmim][Tf₂N]与胺功能型离子液体[NH₂e-mim][BF₄]混合物较单一的离子液体吸收CO₂的量大,[bmim][CH₃CO₂]与[NH₂e-mim][BF₄]混合后较单一的[bmim][CH₃CO₂]吸收量有明显的减低;随着常规咪唑类离子液体阳离子碳链增长,混合离子液体吸收CO₂的效果变强;与胺乙基功能型离子液体混合吸收CO₂时,阴离子为[Tf₂N]的常规咪唑类离子液体要比阴离子为[BF₄]的吸收效果好;离子液体混合物吸收CO₂后经再生循环利用10次,混合物质量基本不变,循环使用后吸收CO₂性能为初始吸收性能的75%~85%。     

飞秒光学外差光学克尔效应和低频拉曼光谱技术研究离子液体[bmim][PF6]的低频光谱

利用飞秒光学外差光学克尔效应技术获得了咪唑类离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([bmim][PF6])体系中反映分子间相互作用的低频光谱. 结果分析中, 利用Brownian振子时间相关函数的精确表达式对光学克尔效应动力学数据中的核振动部分进行模拟, 在时域上获得各个振动组分的时间演化行为, 并进而通过快速Fourier变换获得各个振动组分的频域光谱和总加和光谱. 此外还利用低频拉曼光谱技术测量了离子液体[bmim][PF6]的低频光谱, 并和飞秒光学外差光学克尔效应实验的结果进行对比, 发现两种方法获得的低频光谱相近. 实验结果表明Brownian振子时间相关函数的精确表达式可用来解析离子液体体系中低频振动的时间演化行为.     

[C4mim][PF6]和[C4mim][NTf2]离子液体辐射诱导的相行为及荧光行为变化

离子液体因其低挥发性, 高热稳定性及优良的萃取性能被认为是萃取分离放射性核素的新一代绿色溶剂, 而研究离子液体本身的辐射效应是其实际应用的重要前提. 本文以60Co为辐射源, 系统研究了γ辐照对两种常见的憎水性咪唑离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([C4mim][PF6])和1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑三氟甲基磺酰胺酸盐([C4mim][NTf2])的相行为及荧光行为的影响. 在相行为方面, γ辐照使离子液体的结晶驰豫时间增加, 导致其低温结晶延迟. 在荧光行为方面, γ辐照后离子液体的荧光光谱保持原有的“红边效应(red edge effect)”, 但随吸收剂量增加, 光谱整体发生红移(最大移动幅度达150 nm). 并且这种“红边效应”在辐照后离子液体的乙腈稀释剂中仍然存在, 且随稀释倍数增加光谱整体发生蓝移. [C4mim][PF6]和[C4mim][NTf2]离子液体辐照后的这种相行为及荧光行为的变化可归因于辐照对其阴阳离子空间相关性(缔合行为)的影响.     

离子液体/聚偏氟乙烯纳米纤维的防结冰性能

通过静电纺丝方法制备了掺杂离子液体([BMIM][PF₆])的聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)纳米纤维. 研究结果表明, [BMIM][PF₆]与PVDF具有相互作用, 并可促进PVDF形成β相晶体. 在溶剂挥发后, 离子液体存在于PVDF纳米纤维的表面. 纳米纤维中的离子液体含量对复合纳米纤维的表面形态和润湿性具有显著影响. 通过离子液体的引入, 可有效推迟水滴在纳米纤维表面的结冰时间, 降低水滴的结晶温度, 并且降低冰黏附强度. 研究结果显示含有10%[BMIM][PF₆]的PVDF纳米纤维疏水性最高, 并具有优异的防结冰性质.     

离子液体1-仲丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐的微波辅助合成、晶体结构及热稳定性

以具有支链结构的溴代仲丁烷作为烷基化试剂, 在微波辐射下采用两步法合成了1-仲丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([s-bmim][PF₆])离子液体. 在配比为V(水)∶V(乙醇)∶V(甲苯)=0.16∶2.84∶7的混合溶剂体系中, 培养出晶型完整的长约11 mm的离子液体大单晶体. 通过单晶体X衍射研究了[s-bmim][PF₆]的晶体结构. [s-bmim][PF₆]属于三斜立方晶系, 空间群为P2(1)/m, 晶胞参数为a=0.9042(4) nm, b=0.8213(3) nm, c=0.9775(4) nm, γ=116.618°(6), Z=2, V=64.909(4) nm³, D_c=1.454 g/cm³, μ=0.265 mm^-1, F(000)=292. 在[s-bmim][PF₆]晶体结构中, 阴阳离子间的离子键仍然是主要的, 同时还存在氢键和阳离子-阳离子间的非键斥力作用. 研究结果表明, [s-bmim][PF₆]的支化烷基结构对其晶体有效堆积、熔点、液程范围以及热分解温度等性质具有重要影响.     

阴离子功能化生物柴油离子液体抗氧化剂[X][C6H5COO]的制备

设计合成了两种阴离子功能化离子液体抗氧化剂（[MI][C₆H₅COO]、[Ch][C₆H₅COO]）,采用核磁共振氢谱、傅里叶红外光谱对其结构进行了表征,并研究了两种离子液体抗氧化剂对小桐子生物柴油抗氧化性、铜片腐蚀性和油溶性能的影响。结果表明,离子液体抗氧化剂可有效提高生物柴油氧化稳定性,在添加量为0.3‰时,[MI][C₆H₅COO]的小桐子生物柴油诱导期提高了238%,超过了中国国家标准（6 h）,[Ch][C₆H₅COO]的小桐子生物柴油诱导期提高了141%,未达到中国国家标准。进一步研究了两种离子液体抗氧化剂的油溶性,油溶性能从大到小的顺序为[MI][C₆H₅COO] > [Ch][C₆H₅COO] > GA（合成离子液体抗氧化剂的原料）。实验表明,合成的两种离子液体抗氧化剂中含有亲油阳离子的[MI][C₆H₅COO]综合性能明显优于含有亲水阳离子的[Ch][C₆H₅COO]。     

离子液体对木瓜蛋白酶催化特性的影响

研究了以1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑、四乙基铵及N-乙基吡啶为阳离子, 配以多种阴离子(H₂PO₄^-, ClO₄^-, HSO₄^-, CH₃COO^-, Cl^-, Br^-, NO₃^-, SCN^-, BF₄^-, PF₆^-)的离子液体对木瓜蛋白酶催化N-苯甲酰-L-精氨酸乙酯(BAEE)水解的活性及热稳定性的影响. 通过分析含离子液体体系中木瓜蛋白酶的水解活性和热力学失活参数, 发现该酶活性及稳定性与离子液体的Kosmotropicity性质无关. 因此, 离子的Hofmeister效应并不适合解释离子液体对木瓜蛋白酶催化特性的影响规律. 当以BF₄^-为阴离子, 改变阳离子结构时, 仅[BMIm][BF₄]可提高酶活性, 其它含官能团的咪唑类离子液体则降低酶活性, 但大部分离子液体明显提高木瓜蛋白酶的热稳定性. 在所研究的离子液体中, 基于PF₆^-或BF₄^-阴离子的离子液体可提高木瓜蛋白酶的活性及其热稳定性. 在含[BMIm][PF₆]介质中, 木瓜蛋白酶的水解活性最高; 在含[HOEtMIm][BF₄]介质中其热稳定性最好.     

Triton X-100/[bmim][PF6]/水离子液体微乳液增敏荧光猝灭法测定钨（Ⅵ）

本文报道了Triton X-100(辛基苯基聚氧乙烯醚)/[bmim][PF6](1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐)/水离子液体微乳液(Triton X-100/[bmim][PF6]-M)增敏荧光猝灭法测定W(Ⅵ)。该体系λex=616nm,λem=690,W(Ⅵ)含量在0.2～10.0μg/mL范围内与其荧光猝灭值(△F)符合线性关系,相关系数r=0.9984,方法检出限为0.07μg/mL。同时以荧光剂亚甲基蓝在不同介质中的荧光量子产率初步探讨了离子液体微乳液的增敏机理。该方法可用于矿样中钨含量的测定。     

γ-Radiation effect on ionic liquid [bmim][BF4]

The effect of γ radiation on 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([bmim][BF₄]) was investigated in detail. It was found that radiation induced an increase of UV absorption of the ionic liquid but no change in its glass transition point. Raman spectroscopy analysis indicates that the radiolysis of [bmim][BF₄] induces detectable destruction of alkyl-chain and scission of H-atoms of ring of imidizolium cation, and the relatively small changes of BF₄⁻ anion. Viscosities of irradiated [bmim][BF₄] samples were measured at different shear rates and temperatures, and compared with irradiated [bmim][PF₆] samples. The plots of shear stress against shear rate indicates that [bmim][BF₄] is a Newtonian fluid, no matter with irradiation. The viscosity of irradiated [bmim][BF₄] decreased with increasing of temperature and followed an Arrhenius equation. However, radiation caused no change in the viscosity of [bmim][BF₄], but a decrease in the viscosity of [bmim][PF₆] by up to 10%. We conclude that the radiation stability of [bmim][BF₄] is higher than [bmim][PF₆].     

Solvent relaxation of a room-temperature ionic liquid [bmim][PF6] confined in a ternary microemulsion

In this paper we have reported the solvent and rotational relaxation of 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([bmim][PF₆]) confined in tween 20/([bmim][PF₆]/water microemulsion using coumarin 153 (C-153) as probe. The most interesting feature of our experiment was that we observed an increase in solvent relaxation time with increase in R (R = tween 20-to-[bmim][PF₆] molar ratio). This is due to the fact that with increase in [bmim][PF₆] content of the microemulsions, the microviscosity of the pool of the microemulsions increases, and motion of ions of [bmim][PF₆] is hindered in the pool of microemulsions. Since motion of ions is responsible for solvation in room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs), solvent-relaxation time increases with increase in R.     

分子模拟研究气体在室温离子液体中的溶解度

在作者先前建立的分子力场基础上, 采用Widom粒子插入法预测了CO₂、N₂、O₂、Ar及CH₄等5种气体在多种咪唑类离子液体中的溶解度, 包括2种侧链长度的阳离子和3种阴离子. 首先考察了256个离子对组成的体系中溶质分子插入次数对计算结果的影响, 在此基础上计算了不同温度下气体在1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑的四氟化硼盐([bmim][BF₄])和六氟化磷盐([bmim][PF₆])中的溶解度. 计算结果正确反映了CO₂气体溶解度的变化趋势, 在[bmim][BF₄]中溶解度的模拟结果与实验值符合很好, 且明显优于Pádua等的模拟结果；在[bmim][PF₆]中的溶解度较实验值偏高, 精度与文献模拟结果相当；并预测了较高温度下CO₂气体在[bmim][BF₄]和[bmim][PF₆]中的溶解度. 计算结果也正确地反映了5种气体在[bmim][PF₆]中溶解度实验值的相对大小. 另外考察了常温下几种气体在不同室温离子液体中的溶解度, 模拟结果表明气体在含有较长碳链和双-三氟甲基磺酰胺阴离子(Tf₂N^－)的离子液体中溶解度较大.     

The coupling of aryl halides in the ionic liquid [bmim]PF6

Several aryl halides have been coupled using the zero valent nickel catalyst [(PPh₃)_nNi(0)], to give the biaryl in moderate to good yield, employing the ionic liquid [bmim]PF₆. The ionic liquid and catalyst were recycled after extraction of the biaryl.     

Interaction of ionic liquid with water with variation of water content in 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([bmim][PF6])/TX-100/water ternary microemulsions monitored by solvent and rotational relaxation of coumarin 153 and coumarin 490

The interaction of water with room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) [bmim][PF6] has been studied in [bmim][PF6]/TX-100/water ternary microemulsions by solvent and rotational relaxation of coumarin 153 (C-153) and coumarin 490 (C-490). The rotational relaxation and average solvation time of C-153 and C-490 gradually decrease with increase in water content of the microemulsions. The gradual increase in the size of the microemulsion with increase in w0 (w0=[water]/[surfactant]) is evident from dynamic light scattering measurements. Consequently the mobility of the water molecules also increases. In comparison to pure water the retardation of solvation time in the RTIL containing ternary microemulsions is very less. The authors have also reported the solvation time of C-490 in neat [bmim][PF6]. The solvation time of C-490 in neat [bmim][PF6] is bimodal with time constants of 400 ps and 1.10 ns.     

Nonaqueous microemulsion-containing ionic liquid [bmim][PF6] as polar microenvironment

The phase behavior of toluene/Triton X-100 (TX-100)/1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate([bmim][PF6]) was studied. It was demonstrated that the single-phase microemulsion area covered about 75% of the phase diagram at 25 °C. Electrical conductivities of the system with different w ([bmim][PF6]-to-TX-100 molar ratio) values were determined, and the results were used to locate the sub-regions of the single-phase microemulsion. The results showed that a transform from [bmim][PF6]-in-oil ([bmim][PF6]/O) microstructure via a bicontinuous region to an oil-in-[bmim][PF6] (O/[bmim][PF6]) microstructure occurred with the increase of Φ (weight fraction of TX-100 and [bmim][PF6] in the system). The aggregate size of the reverse microemulsions of [bmim][PF6]/O was determined using small-angle X-ray scattering. The results showed that the size of the reverse microemulsions depended markedly on the w values.     

分子动力学模拟研究[Bmim][PF_6]+水+醇三元体系的微观结构和分子间相互作用(英文)

研究离子液体体系的微观结构和分子间相互作用具有重要意义.本文对1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([Bmim][PF6])+水+乙醇和[Bmim][PF6]+水+异丙醇三元体系进行了分子模拟研究,计算了径向分布函数和不同组成的水-醇混合溶剂与离子液体阴阳离子间的相互作用能,并将其分解为库仑相互作用能和Lennard-Jones(LJ)势能.在此基础上,研究了溶液体系的微观结构、分子间相互作用和相行为.结果表明,水倾向于与离子液体阴离子和阳离子极性部分作用,醇倾向于与阴离子和阳离子非极性部分作用;库仑力主导阴离子-溶剂相互作用,色散力主导阳离子-溶剂相互作用,阴阳离子的缔合状态对色散力影响较小,对库仑力的影响非常显著.     

离子液体[Bmim][BF_4]中卟啉的三线态动力学

室温离子液体由于其几乎不挥发、稳定性突出、良好的电化学性能以及结构与性能的可设计性等优点,在诸多领域得到了深入的研究和广泛的应用。与传统的普通溶剂不同,离子液体的本质特点之一是其内部的微观结构具有微不均匀性。本文通过对四苯基卟啉(TPP)分子在离子液体[Bmim][BF_4]中的三线态动力学研究,发现在激光作用下,TPP的三线态寿命由2.95μs显著增加到184μs。进一步分析表明,这一现象很可能是由于离子液体的微结构在激光诱导下发生变化,被激光场或者离子诱导极化的氧气分子在离子液体微不均匀性环境中发生重新分布而引起的。     

Insights into the structure and dynamics of a room-temperature ionic liquid: ab initio molecular dynamics simulation studies of 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([bmim][PF6]) and the [bmim][PF6]-CO2 mixture

Ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) studies have been carried out on liquid 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([bmim][PF6]) and its mixture with CO2 using the Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics (CPMD) method. Results from AIMD and empirical potential molecular dynamics (MD) have been compared and were found to differ in some respects. With a strong resemblance to the crystal, the AIMD simulated neat liquid exhibits many cation-anion hydrogen bonds, a feature that is almost absent in the MD results. The anions were observed to be strongly polarized in the condensed phase. The addition of CO2 increased the probability of this hydrogen bond formation. CO2 molecules in the vicinity of the ions of [bmim][PF6] exhibit larger deviations from linearity in their instantaneous configurations. The polar environment of the liquid induces a dipole moment in CO2, lifting the degeneracy of its bending mode. The calculated splitting in the vibrational mode compares well with infrared spectroscopic data. The solvation of CO2 in [bmim][PF6] is primarily facilitated by the anion, as seen from the radial and spatial distribution functions. CO2 molecules were found to be aligned tangential to the PF6 spheres with their most probable location being the octahedral voids of the anion. The structural data obtained from AIMD simulations can serve as a benchmark to refine interaction potentials for this important room-temperature ionic liquid.     

Ordering layers of [bmim][PF6] ionic liquid on graphite surfaces: molecular dynamics simulation

Microscopic structures of room temperature ionic liquid (IL) [bmim][PF6] on hydrophobic graphite surfaces have been studied in detail by molecular dynamics simulation. It is clearly shown that both the mass and electron densities of the surface adsorbed ionic liquid are oscillatory, and the first peak adjacent to the graphite surface is considerably higher than others, corresponding to a solidlike IL bottom layer of 6 angstroms thick. Three IL layers are indicated between the graphite surface and the inner bulk IL liquid. The individually simulated properties of single-, double-, and triple-IL layers on the graphite surface are very similar to those of the layers between the graphite surface and the bulk liquid, indicating an insignificant effect of vapor-IL interface on the ordered IL layers. The simulation also indicates that the imidazolium ring and butyl tail of the cation (bmim+) of the IL bottom layer lie flat on the graphite surface.