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采用污染物在线分析仪、气相便携红外分析仪研究了程序升温条件下改变氧化介质时煤中氮,硫的释放特性以及含硫物相的浓度变化规律,探讨了不同气氛,CO2浓度与O2浓度单独变化时对NO、SO2析出特性的影响机理.结果表明:O2/CO2燃烧气氛下NO、SO2排放峰值及总量均低于O2/N2气氛.CO2气氛下烟气中存在大量的CO,有利于NO的降解,同时也促进了烟气中其他含硫物相的形成,随着CO2浓度的增加,特别是在燃烧后期,NO、SO2的排放显著降低.O2浓度改变对NO和SO2的释放影响不同:O2浓度升高促进了SO2的析出;但是O2浓度在一定范围内增加对NO的排放并无明显影响,随着O2浓度进一步增加,NO的释放峰向低温区迁移,同时排放量降低. 相似文献
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O2/N2与O2/CO2条件下燃煤颗粒物的生成特性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
将煤粉在O2/N2与O2/CO2条件下进行沉降炉燃烧实验,研究了燃煤颗粒物的质量粒径分布、生成浓度以及元素组成特性.研究结果表明,燃煤颗粒物均呈三模态粒径分布,气氛的改变不影响各模态的分布趋势.相同O2含量条件下,与O2/N2气氛相比,O2/CO2气氛中PM10和PM1的生成浓度均降低,PM1易挥发元素Na、K、S的含量升高,而难熔元素Si、Al、Mg、Ca、Fe的含量降低.随着O2浓度的增加,O2/N2燃烧气氛下PM10和PM1的生成浓度逐渐增加,O2/CO2燃烧气氛下PM10的生成浓度增加,而PM1的生成浓度先减小后增加. 相似文献
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通过沉降炉燃烧实验,研究了褐煤O2/CO2燃烧时可吸入颗粒物的生成和碱性金属元素在颗粒物中的分布特性.结果表明,燃烧气氛由O2/N2燃烧转变为O2/CO2燃烧时,亚微米颗粒物的生成量减少,但超细颗粒量增加.气氛对碱性金属元素分布的影响主要体现在亚微米颗粒范围内.与O2/N2燃烧相比,相同氧浓度下O2/CO2燃烧时所生成亚微米颗粒物中碱性金属向小粒径颗粒中富集.O2/CO2气氛下,低氧浓度燃烧时碱性金属元素对亚微米颗粒物的生成贡献大,而增加氧浓度其在亚微米颗粒物中质量份额则减小. 相似文献
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本文在3 MW_(th)富氧煤粉燃烧实验台,对空气燃烧,不同循环倍率的循环燃烧工况下,进行燃烧实验,研究富氧燃烧过程中气体污染物的排放特性。实验结果表明:在3 MW_(th)富氧燃烧实验台上,富氧燃烧过程中CO_2浓度可以达到80%以上,同时能保证很高的煤粉燃尽率;与空气工况相比,富氧燃烧工况下,烟气中NO_x的浓度上升了56%~167%,排放量降低了46%~69%;同时燃烧气氛的变化对煤中硫向SO_2的转化率影响很小;双碱法湿法脱硫能在富氧燃烧条件下稳定运行,脱硫效率能达到95%以上。 相似文献
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进气中CO2浓度对预混合燃烧和排放影响的试验和模拟研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本文研究了进气中CO2浓度对燃烧和排放特性的影响.研究表明在所有的预混合燃料比下,当CO2浓度增加时,NOx排放随之大幅减少,烟度排放有小的变化。利用KIVA3V和湍流与化学反应交互的燃烧模型对柴油机预混合燃烧进行了模拟研究,对缸内OH浓度的模拟计算表明,随着CO2浓度的增加,着火前期OH生成浓度明显向后推移,这表明燃料的氧化速率随CO2浓度的增加变慢,从而延长了着火滞燃期。进气中CO2浓度变大时,燃烧温度降低,有利于降低NOx的排放。 相似文献
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O2/CO2气氛下石灰石煅烧及烧结特性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文研究了在O2/CO2气氛下石灰石的煅烧和烧结特性.结果表明,空气气氛下煅烧所得CaO的孔隙率和比表面积均较O2/CO2气氛下的大,但O2/CO2气氛下煅烧所得CaO具有更大的最可几孔径.石灰石在O2/CO2气氛下1000℃煅烧时的产物具有最大的比孔容积和比表面积,且石灰石煅烧产物CaO的比孔容积和比表面积均随气氛中CO2浓度的增加而下降,在低CO2浓度下下降较为迅速,而在高CO2浓度下下降逐渐趋于平缓.在延长相同烧结时间的情况下,O2/CO2气氛下CaO孔结构受烧结影响的程度要比空气气氛下轻微. 相似文献
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为揭示O2/CO2燃烧过程中高浓度的CO对煤焦异相还原NO的影响,在1073 K温度下使用山西褐煤在卧式炉上进行了实验。分别对O2/CO2浓度比及CO浓度下NO的还原特性进行详细实验研究。研究结果表明:在O2/CO2气氛下,O2浓度为30%时具有较高的还原率;相同O2浓度下O2/CO2气氛较空气气氛NO还原率高,表明在CO存在的条件下,高浓度的CO2会促进NO的还原;当CO浓度从1.5%逐渐升高时,NO的还原率逐渐降低,到CO浓度为5%时,NO还原率比没有加入CO时还要低,而在空气气氛下CO浓度的变化对NO的还原率影响较小。 相似文献
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Yasuyuki Sakai Mitsuo Koshi William J. Pitz 《Proceedings of the Combustion Institute》2009,32(1):411-418
A detailed chemical kinetic model for the mixtures of primary reference fuel (PRF: n-heptane and iso-octane) and toluene has been proposed. This model is divided into three parts; a PRF mechanism [T. Ogura, Y. Sakai, A. Miyoshi, M. Koshi, P. Dagaut, Energy Fuels 21 (2007) 3233-3239], toluene sub-mechanism and cross reactions between PRF and toluene. Toluene sub-mechanism includes the low temperature kinetics relevant to engine conditions. A chemical kinetic mechanism proposed by Pitz et al. [W.J. Pitz, R. Seiser, J.W. Bozzelli, et al., in: Chemical Kinetic Characterization of the Combustion of Toluene, Proceedings of the Second Joint Meeting of the U.S. Sections of the Combustion Institute, 2001] was used as a starting model and modified by updating rate coefficients. Theoretical estimations of rate coefficients were performed for toluene and benzyl radical reactions important at low temperatures. Cross reactions between alkane, alkene, and aromatics were also included in order to account for the acceleration by the addition of toluene into iso-octane recently found in the shock tube study of the ignition delay [Y. Sakai, H. Ozawa, T. Ogura, A. Miyoshi, M. Koshi, W.J. Pitz, Effects of Toluene Addition to Primary Reference Fuel at High Temperature, SAE 2007-01-4104, 2007]. Validations of the model were performed with existing shock tube and flow tube data. The model well predicts the ignition characteristics of PRF/toluene mixtures under the wide range of temperatures (500-1700 K) and pressures (2-50 atm). It is found that reactions of benzyl radical with oxygen molecule determine the reactivity of toluene at low temperature. Although the effect of toluene addition to iso-octane is not fully resolved, the reactions of alkene with benzyl radical have the possibility to account for the kinetic interactions between PRF and toluene. 相似文献
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不同方法制备的CO2-3替换磷灰石固溶体晶体化学的FTIR研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用不同方法制备了CO2-3替换的磷灰石固溶体,利用FTIR结合XRD对其进行了晶体化学研究,结果表明均相沉淀法制备的碳羟磷灰石(CHAP)属B型替换且替换方式是[CO3·OH]四面体替换[PO4]四面体;固相离子交换法制备的CHAP属A型替换且替换方式是[CO3]三角形配位体替换通道位置的OH-;固相反应法制备的碳氟磷灰石(CFAP)属B型替换,其替换方式是[CO3·F]四面体替换[PO4]四面体;sol-gel法制备的CHAP属AB混合型替换,其Ψ3分裂为Ψ3-1,Ψ3F,Ψ3-4.高斯函数法拟合表明Ψ3F峰是A型替换的Ψ3-2与B型替换的Ψ3-3的叠合.当WCO2-3<3.34%时,随CO2-3含量增加,A型替换量增大,且当WCO2-3=3.34%时达最大值,当3.34%<WCO2-3<7.52%时,随CO2-3含量增加,B型替换量增大,且当WCO2-3= 7.52%时亦到饱和. 相似文献
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By means of density functional theory, the Mo(CO)6‐catalyzed intramolecular [2 + 2] or [2 + 2 + 1] cycloaddition reaction of 5‐allenyl‐1‐ynes was investigated. All the intermediates and transition states were optimized completely at B3LYP/6‐311++G(d,p) level (LANL2DZ(f) for Mo). Calculations indicate that the complexation of 5‐allenyl‐1‐ynes with Mo(CO)6 occurred preferentially at the triple bond to give the complex M1 and then the complexation with the distal double bond of the allenes generates the complex M5 . In this reaction, Mo(CO)6‐catalyzed intramolecular [2 + 2] cycloaddition is more favorable than [2 + 2 + 1] cycloaddition. The reaction pathway Mo(CO)6 + R → M5 → T7 → M12 → M13 → T11 → M18 → P4 is the most favorable one, and the most dominant product predicted theoretically is P4 . The solvation effect is remarkable, and it decreases the reaction energy barriers. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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用漫反射红外光谱和光声红外光谱研究了金属羰基化合物(CpFe(CO)2)2Cp=η^5-C5H5与酸性,中性和碱性Al2O3及TiO2的相互作用,结果表明,在Al2O3表面生成的洗生物种类及浓度与Al2O3的酸碱度明显相关,在酸性Al2O3表面,主要存在衍生物(CpFe(CO)2Fe-H-Fe(CO2Cp)^+及少量的CpFe(CO)2(-O-);在中性Al2O3表面存在的CpFe(CO)2(-O 相似文献
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A. A. Zhukov G. J. Bowden J. -M. L. Beaujour B. D. Rainford P. A. J. de Groot R. C. C. Ward M. R. Wells H. Küpfer 《Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials》2004,270(3):312-320
A vector vibrating sample magnetometer has been used to determine the direction of easy magnetisation in a thin film of DyFe2. The 4000 Å thick film, with a [1 1 0] growth direction, was prepared using molecular beam epitaxy. The results show that the direction of easy magnetisation is temperature dependent. At 4 K this direction corresponds to the [0 0 1] type axes. But at 290
the easy axis is close to a
direction, but pointing out of the plane of the film at angle of (14±3)°. On the basis of the vector magnetometer results at 290 K we find two easy magnetisation axes close to
or
(and opposite directions). Finally, it is shown that DyFe2 films are unique in that the remanent magnetisation can be manipulated to point either in or out of the plane of the film. 相似文献
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Transport properties of a binary mixture of CO<sub>2</sub>-N<sub>2</sub> from the pair potential energy functions based on a semi-empirical inversion method 下载免费PDF全文
The potential energy surface of a CO 2 –N 2 mixture is determined by using an inversion method, together with a new collision integral correlation [J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 19 1179 (1990)]. With the new invert potential, the transport properties of CO2–N2 mixture are presented in a temperature range from 273.15 K to 3273.15 K at low density by employing the Chapman–Enskog scheme and the Wang Chang–Uhlenbeck–de Boer theory, consisting of a viscosity coefficient, a thermal conductivity coefficient, a binary diffusion coefficient, and a thermal diffusion factor. The accuracy of the predicted results is estimated to be 2% for viscosity, 5% for thermal conductivity, and 10% for binary diffusion coefficient. 相似文献